Topic
Hot working
About: Hot working is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4512 publications have been published within this topic receiving 70521 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of C, HSLA, tool and stainless steels in the austenitic condition during industrial hot forming is reviewed, and it is shown that dynamic recovery provides additional softening, possible grain refinement and enhanced ductility.
262 citations
17 May 2017-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a high temperature SLM powder bed capable of pre-heating to 800°C was used during processing of Ti6Al4V feedstock, and the effect of powder bed temperature on residual stress formation and mechanical properties was investigated.
Abstract: During the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process large temperature gradients can form, generating a mismatch in elastic deformation that can lead to high levels of residual stress within the additively manufactured metallic structure. Rapid melt pool solidification causes SLM processed Ti6Al4V to form a martensitic microstructure with a ductility generally lower than a hot working equivalent. Post-process heat treatments can be applied to SLM components to remove in-built residual stress and improve ductility. The use of high temperature pre-heating during an SLM build can assist in reducing thermal gradients, enable a more controlled cooling with the possibility to control/tailor as-built mechanical properties. In this work a high temperature SLM powder bed capable of pre-heating to 800 °C is used during processing of Ti6Al4V feedstock. The effect of powder bed temperature on residual stress formation, microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. It was found that increasing the bed temperature to 570 °C significantly reduced residual stress formation within components and enhanced yield strength and ductility. This pre-heating temperature enabled the decomposition of α ′ martensitic microstructure into an equilibrium α+β microstructure. At 570 °C the yield strength and elongation of components was improved by 3.2% and 66.2% respectively.
250 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model for hot working when dynamical recrystallization occurs is presented, which is based on a description of the volume distributions of dislocations, which are produced as a result of the continuous grain growth.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hot-extruded 18R-type long period ordered (LPO) Mg97Y2Cu1 alloy was used to obtain high tensile mechanical properties.
245 citations
01 Mar 1973
TL;DR: The high temperature deformation of vacuum-melted iron and zone-refined iron has been studied in the temperature range 500° to 800°C over a wide range of strain rates in torsion as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The high temperature deformation of vacuum-melted iron and zone-refined iron has been studied in the temperature range 500° to 800°C over a wide range of strain rates in torsion. Changes in stress-strain behavior and metallographic observations show a transition in the dynamic restoration process from recovery at high stresses to recrystallization at low stresses. The results are discussed in terms of a model for dynamic recrystallization. It is shown that the dependence of the critical strain for the onset of recrystallization on experimental conditions is the most important factor in determining the deformation characteristics.
241 citations