Topic
Human cytomegalovirus
About: Human cytomegalovirus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8056 publications have been published within this topic receiving 306172 citations.
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TL;DR: Highlights include advances in molecular and immunologic diagnostics, improved understanding of diagnostic thresholds, optimized methods of prevention, advances in the use of novel antiviral therapies and certain immunosuppressive agents, and more savvy approaches to treatment resistant/refractory disease.
Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains one of the most common infections after solid organ transplantation, resulting in significant morbidity, graft loss, and occasional mortality. Management of CMV varies considerably among transplant centers. A panel of experts on CMV and solid organ transplant was convened by The Infectious Diseases Section of The Transplantation Society to develop evidence and expert opinion-based consensus guidelines on CMV management including diagnostics, immunology, prevention, treatment, drug resistance, and pediatric issues.
1,351 citations
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TL;DR: The HCMV enhancer, which seems to have little cell type or species preference, is severalfold more active than the SV40 enhancers, a property that makes it a useful component of eukaryotic expression vectors.
1,336 citations
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TL;DR: The first glimpse of the total human T cell response to a complex infectious agent is provided and insight into the rules governing immunodominance and cross-reactivity in complex viral infections of humans is provided.
Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections of immunocompetent hosts are characterized by a dynamic, life-long interaction in which host immune responses, particularly of T cells, restrain viral replication and prevent disease but do not eliminate the virus or preclude transmission. Because HCMV is among the largest and most complex of known viruses, the T cell resources committed to maintaining this balance have never been characterized completely. Here, using cytokine flow cytometry and 13,687 overlapping 15mer peptides comprising 213 HCMV open reading frames (ORFs), we found that 151 HCMV ORFs were immunogenic for CD4 + and/or CD8 + T cells, and that ORF immunogenicity was influenced only modestly by ORF expression kinetics and function. We further documented that total HCMV-specific T cell responses in seropositive subjects were enormous, comprising on average ∼10% of both the CD4 + and CD8 + memory compartments in blood, whereas cross-reactive recognition of HCMV proteins in seronegative individuals was limited to CD8 + T cells and was rare. These data provide the first glimpse of the total human T cell response to a complex infectious agent and will provide insight into the rules governing immunodominance and cross-reactivity in complex viral infections of humans.
1,272 citations
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TL;DR: This study seeks to update the definitions of CMV on the basis of recent developments in diagnostic techniques, as well as to add to these definitions the concept of indirect effects caused by CMV.
Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease are important causes of morbidity and mortality among transplant recipients. For the purpose of developing consistent reporting of CMV in clinical trials, definitions of CMV infection and disease were developed and published. This study seeks to update the definitions of CMV on the basis of recent developments in diagnostic techniques, as well as to add to these definitions the concept of indirect effects caused by CMV.
1,206 citations
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TL;DR: HCMV infection of cultured SMCs enhanced p53 accumulation, which correlated temporally with IE84 expression, and HCMV, and IE84-mediated inhibition of p53 function, may contribute to the development of restenosis.
Abstract: A subset of patients who have undergone coronary angioplasty develop restenosis, a vessel renarrowing characterized by excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Of 60 human restenosis lesions examined, 23 (38 percent) were found to have accumulated high amounts of the tumor suppressor protein p53, and this correlated with the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the lesions. SMCs grown from the lesions expressed HCMV protein IE84 and high amounts of p53. HCMV infection of cultured SMCs enhanced p53 accumulation, which correlated temporally with IE84 expression. IE84 also bound to p53 and abolished its ability to transcriptionally activate a reporter gene. Thus, HCMV, and IE84-mediated inhibition of p53 function, may contribute to the development of restenosis.
779 citations