Human serum albumin

About: Human serum albumin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9402 publications have been published within this topic receiving 269029 citations. The topic is also known as: serum albumin & ALB.

Quantitation of Albumin in Serum Using "turn-on"Fluorescent Probe with Aggregation-Enhanced Emission Characteristics

Abstract: An aggregation-enhanced emission active luminogen named as sodium 4,4′4″-(3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-1,2,5-triyl)tribenzoate (DP-TPPNa) with propeller construction was synthesized and developed as a “turn on” fluorescent probe for in situ quantitation of albumin in blood serum. The DP-TPPNa fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of two serum albumins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA), in pure PBS buffer in the ranges of 2.18–70 and 1.68–100 μg/mL, respectively. The detection limits were as low as 2.18 μg/mL for BSA and 1.68 μg/mL for HSA. The response time of fluorescence to serum albumin (SA) was very short (below 6 s), which achieved real-time detection. It also showed high selectivity to SA because other components in serum barely interfere with the detection of DP-TPPNa to SA, enabling in situ quantitative detection of SA without isolation from serum. DP-TPPNa was successfully applied for the quantitative detection of BSA in fetal bovine serum. The m...

Effects of complement inactivation and IgG depletion on skin reactivity to autologous serum in chronic idiopathic urticaria

Abstract: Background: Intradermal injection of autologous serum elicits a wheal-and-flare response in about 60% of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). This reactivity has been attributed to the presence of IgG autoantibodies directed against IgE or the α-chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRIα) expressed on basophils and mast cells, leading to the hypothesis that at least some forms of CIU could be sustained by an autoimmune process. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of anti-IgE or anti-FcϵRI antibodies and the ability to induce wheal-and-flare responses in CIU sera selected for the capacity to give a positive skin test response. Methods: Fifteen patients with CIU and a positive skin test response to autologous serum were injected intradermally with native serum and with serum heated at 56°C for 30 minutes and then adsorbed on Sepharose-protein G to obtain IgG depletion. Serum levels of anti-IgE and anti-FcϵRIα antibodies were measured by ELISA by using purified IgE and recombinant RIα-soluble double-fusion protein RIα-human serum albumin-RIα, respectively. The histamine-releasing activity of sera was tested by using ELISA with whole human blood from a healthy donor. Results: All patients had positive cutaneous responses to native serum injection. Anti-FcϵRIα antibodies were present in 14 of 15 native sera, only two of which were able to induce in vitro basophil degranulation. On the contrary, detectable amounts of anti-IgE antibodies were not found in any serum. IgG depletion by protein G resulted in complete (10/14 samples) or considerable (4/14 samples) removal of anti-FcϵRIα antibodies. The two sera endowed with functional activity lost their capacity to trigger histamine release from basophils after heating and protein G adsorption. Nonetheless, heat-decomplemented/IgG-depleted sera elicited wheal-and-flare reactions comparable with those observed with untreated sera. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that skin reactivity to autologous serum could be due to as yet unidentified non–Ig reactants present in the sera of patients with CIU. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:567-72.)

Size of a human serum albumin molecule in solution

Abstract: The size of a human serum albumin molecule in aqueous solution containing 150 mM NaCl was studied using small-angle neutron scattering. The molecular radius of gyration was estimated to be 27.4 +/- 0.35 A. The compact sphere should have a smaller radius of gyration, whereas the popular human serum albumin model, a "cigar" 136 A long, should correspond to a greater radius of gyration. Possible shapes of the human serum albumin molecule which are in accordance with the results obtained, are the following: an extended ellipsoid less than 110 A of length or a nonsymmetrical oblate ellipsoid with a diameter of 85 A. The oblate ellipsoid might be close to the heart"-shaped structure of the crystalline human serum albumin molecule. The size of the albumin molecule does not change significantly as pH increases to 8.9. The possibility of the dynamic coexistence of various human serum albumin conformers in solution is discussed.

Synthesis and interaction with human serum albumin of the first 3,18-disubstituted derivative of bilirubin

Abstract: Addition of excess (>500 equiv) of p-fluorothiophenol to bilirubin in the presence of toluene-p-sulfonic acid catalyst afforded 3,18-didevinyl-3,18-bis[2-(p-fluorothiophenyl)ethyl] bilirubin 2 from anti-Markovnikov addition to both the exo and endo vinyl groups of bilirubin Toluene-p-sulfonic acid is not essential as p-fluorothiophenol acts as the acid and nucleophile in the reaction In contrast, in the presence of toluene-p-sulfonic acid, regioselective Markovnikov addition of thioacetic S-acid to the exo vinyl group occurs, in agreement with previous studies of the addition of a range of oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles to bilirubin (P Manitto and D Monti, Experientia, 1973, 29, 137) Binding of 2 to human serum albumin was measured by circular dichroism The two bulky p-fluorothiophenyl groups do not appear to impede interaction with the protein This result supports a model in which the reactive methylene bridge of bilirubin, that connects rings B and C, points into the binding pocket of human serum albumin