Hybrid material

About: Hybrid material is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9372 publications have been published within this topic receiving 271126 citations.

Polyoxometalate-Based Molecular Materials

Abstract: Molecule-based materials with active physical properties, in particular electrical, magnetic, and optical, are a focus of contemporary materials chemistry research. Certainly, one reason for this interest has been the realization that these materials can exhibit cooperative properties typically associated with the inorganic network solids, as for example metallic conduction or even superconductivity,1 ferromagnetism,2 and nonlinear optical properties.3 With respect to the electrical properties, many important achievements were obtained in the 1970s with the discovery of the first molecule-based metal in 1972,4 namely the π-electron donor-acceptor complex [TTF][TCNQ] (TTF ) tetrathiafulvalene, TCNQ ) tetracyano-p-quinodimethane),5 and the report of the first molecule-based superconductors in 1979 based on the Bechgaard salts [TMTSF]2X (X ) PF6, AsF6; TMTSF ) tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene).6 The recognition of molecule-based ferromagnetic compounds is more recent and has emerged only in the past decade with the discovery of the electron-transfer salt [Fe(C5Me5)2][TCNE] (TCNE ) tetracyanoethylene) in 1985.7 Since these pioneering studies, the two areassmolecule-based metals and magnetsshave witnessed rapid development, and many new molecules have been designed which, if assembled in the appropriate manner in the solid, will enable researchers to improve the physical properties by increasing superconducting and ferromagnetic critical temperatures. A current development in the general area of molecule-based materials is to design, from a wise choice of the constituent molecules, new materials that combine properties not normally associated with a single material. Some intriguing applications of this concept would be to couple conductivity or optical phenomena with magnetic properties. In fact, this challenging goal was proposed8 in the mid-1980s but has only recently begun to be explored. Efforts in this direction nucleated with the design of hybrid materials formed by two molecular networks, such as anion/cation salts or host/guest solids, where each network furnishes distinct physical properties. In these new types of materials, each network contributes distinct physical properties to the solid. Examples include hybrid molecule-based materials, combining inorganic metal complexes that act as structural or magnetic components with an organic π-electron donor or acceptor molecule that furnishes the pathway for electronic conductivity.9 Polyoxometalates have been found to be extremely versatile inorganic building blocks for the construction of the aforementioned functionally active solids.10 The present article highlights recent results and provides a perspective of the use of polyoxometalates in the construction of molecule-based materials. We present herein the different classes of polyoxometalate-based hybrid materials that are of considerable interest due to their electrical or/and magnetic properties. These are (i) organic/inorganic hybrid salts in which the electron donors are organic molecules of the TTF type, (ii) organometallic/inorganic salts in which the electron donor is the decamethylferrocene complex, and (iii) organic/inorganic films in 273 Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 273−296

Bioinspired design and assembly of platelet reinforced polymer films.

Abstract: Although strong and stiff human-made composites have long been developed, the microstructure of today's most advanced composites has yet to achieve the order and sophisticated hierarchy of hybrid materials built up by living organisms in nature. Clay-based nanocomposites with layered structure can reach notable stiffness and strength, but these properties are usually not accompanied by the ductility and flaw tolerance found in the structures generated by natural hybrid materials. By using principles found in natural composites, we showed that layered hybrid films combining high tensile strength and ductile behavior can be obtained through the bottom-up colloidal assembly of strong submicrometer-thick ceramic platelets within a ductile polymer matrix.

Bridged polysilsesquioxanes. highly porous hybrid organic-inorganic materials

Abstract: This contribution reviews a new family of inorganic-organic hybrid materials that are assembled by sol-gel polymerization of polyfunctional molecular building blocks. These bridged polysilsesquioxanes are three-dimensional network materials that are distinguished by incorporation of an organic fragment as an integral component of the network. The intimate association of the organic and inorganic phase, a true molecular composite, coupled with the variability of the organic component, permits engineering of both chemical and physical properties of the material. The paper reviews bridged polysilsesquioxanes, arylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes, alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes; and their applications.

Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Materials—In Search of Synergic Activity

Abstract: This review surveys the work developed in the field of functional hybrid materials, especially those containing conducting organic polymers (COPs), in combination with a variety of inorganic species, from molecular to extended phases, including clusters and nano-sized inorganic particles. Depending on the dominating structural matrix, we distinguish and analyze organic–inorganic (OI) hybrids, nanocomposite materials, and inorganic–organic (IO) phases. These materials have been used in a wide variety of applications, including energy-storage applications, electrocatalysis, the harnessing of electrochromic and photoelectrochromic properties, application in display devices, photovoltaics, and novel energy-conversion systems, proton-pump electrodes, sensors, or chemiresistive detectors, which work as artificial “noses”.

Periodic Mesoporous Silica-Based Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials

Abstract: The area of periodic mesoporous materials prepared by cooperative assembly in the presence of amphiphile molecules underwent dramatic growth. Among the silica-based materials, many types may be reg...