Topic
Hydraulic retention time
About: Hydraulic retention time is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6406 publications have been published within this topic receiving 151005 citations.
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TL;DR: The results demonstrated that the mass ratio of carbohydrate to protein could provide a good indication of microalgal settling performance, rather than sole component composition or total extracellular polymeric substances.
119 citations
TL;DR: Results show that the gas composition was not greatly influenced by HRT or sucrose concentration, and hydrogen production by the acidogenic granular sludge was investigated at a constant loading rate.
119 citations
TL;DR: Intermittent subsurface flow mangrove microcosms were constructed to investigate their capabilities in treating primary settled municipal wastewater collected from a local sewage treatment work in Hong Kong SAR and the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) as mentioned in this paper.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that a higher cathode surface to volume ratio results in an enhanced acetate titer; 5.7 ± 0.3d (63% coulombic efficiency) was achieved; the highest reported thus far in a continuous process.
Abstract: Electricity-driven bioproduction processes such as microbial electrosynthesis enable converting CO 2 and organic feedstocks into target chemicals with minimal addition of external chemicals. Bioelectrochemical CO 2 conversion to (mainly) acetate has mostly been demonstrated in batch processes. Continuous reactor operation and the operational parameters associated with it have received limited attention. Here, we demonstrate that improving bioelectrochemical reactor design to a higher cathode surface to volume ratio results in an enhanced acetate titer; 5.7 ± 0.74 g L −1 (11.5 ± 6.6 g m −2 d −1 ) in galvanostastically controlled (−5 A m −2 cathode ) batch reactors with a mixed microbial community. A long-term and stable bioproduction process could be established in which hydraulic residence time (HRT) affected the product patterns as well as the acetate production rate, up to 21 g m −2 d −1 for an HRT of 3.3d (63% coulombic efficiency) was achieved; the highest reported thus far in a continuous process. The specific energy input per kilogram of acetic acid produced during batch and continuous processes (HRT: 3.3d) was 29 ± 0.7 and 16 ± 1.3 kWh el kg −1 , respectively. Butyrate and isopropanol were the other major biochemicals produced at maximum rates of 3.7 and 3.3 g m −2 d −1 (18.6% and 21.8% of the electrons, respectively) leading to titers of 0.67 and 0.82 g L −1 during the continuous process. This is the first report on the production of a secondary alcohol (isopropanol), using a mixed culture, in CO 2 fed systems. The product ratios between these organics could be steered based on operational pH and HRTs. Operating reactors at an HRT of 5 d at pH 5 led to stable production of butyrate (1.9 ± 0.6 g m −2 d −1 ) and isopropanol (1.17 ± 0.34 g m −2 d −1 ). Cyclic voltammetry suggested an “ennoblement” of the cathode over time, shifting the onset for reductive current by more than 150 mV. Microbial community analysis revealed Acetobacterium as the main bacterial group involved in CO 2 reduction to acetate, and the presence of diverse bacterial groups in response to different operational conditions.
119 citations
TL;DR: The influence of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on the performance of the hydrolytic-acidogenic step of a two-stage anaerobic digestion process of sunflower oil cake (SuOC) were assessed.
119 citations