Showing papers on "Hydrocarbon published in 1968"

Olefins of high molecular weight in two microscopic algae.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon composition of two algae, a golden-brown (Bot-ryococcus braunii) and a blue-green (Anacystis montana), has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both show distributions of aliphatic hydrocarbons of odd carbon numbers in the medium and high ranges of molecular weight, with maxima at n-C17 and n-C29 for B. braunii and n-C17 and n-C29 for A. montana. With the exception of the n-heptadecane of A. montana all the hydrocarbons are monoenes, dienes, or trienes. Since certain continental sediments and oils show similar distributions of alkanes with respect to carbon number, these organisms may be the precursors of the hydrocarbons in these formations.

Oil compositions containing ethylene copolymers

Abstract: THIS INVENTION RELATES TO MINERAL OIL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A NEUTRAL, NON-VOLATILE, MINERAL OIL AND AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A VISCOSITY INDEX IMPROVER SELECTED FROM A LIMITED CLASS OF OIL-SOLUBLE, SUBSTANTIALLY LINEAR, ETHYLENE,HYDROCARBON COPOLYMERS CONTAINING 25 TO 55 WEIGHT PERCENT POLYMERIZED ETHYLENE UNITS AND HAVNG A PENDENT INDEX OF 18 TO 33, AN AVERAGE PENDENT SIZE NOT EXCEEDING 10 CARBON ATOMS, AN AVERAGE CHAIN LENGTHL OF 2,700 8,800 CARBON ATOMS AND AN INHERENT VISCOSITY OF 0.7 TO 1.8 AS MEASURED ON A 0.1 WEIGHT PERCENT SOLUTION IN TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AT 30*C.

Desulfurization with a catalytic oxidation step

Abstract: A DESULFURIZATION PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SULFUR IN A SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON OIL BY CONTACTING THE SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON OIL WITH AN ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDE, AN ORGANIC PEROXIDE OR AN ORGANIC PERACID OXIDANT IN THE PRESENCE OF A GROUP IV-B, GROUP V-B OR FOR EXAMPLE BASE TREATMENT, A THERMAL TREATMENT OR A HYDRODESULFURIZATION TREATMENT.

Intermediates and Kinetics of Fluorescence Quenching by Electron Transfer

Abstract: A structureless, longwavelength fluorescence band, attributed to the excited (charge-transfer) complex: A−D+, occurs when the fluorescence of aromatic hydrocarbons (A) is quenched by aryl amines (D). The relative intensity of this band is found to decrease strongly with increasing solvent polarity, so that ultimately in highly polar solvents (e > 30) no complex emission can be observed even at high aryl amine concentration at which the normal hydrocarbon fluorescence is strongly quenched. Flash experiments carried out with solutions of aromatic hydrocarbons in acetonitrile (e = 37) with high concentrations of diethylaniline show transient absorption spectra which are due to the triplet state of the hydrocarbon and to the radical ions A·− and D+ which are produced with quantum yields between 2 and 6%. Kinetic experiments (of fluorescence quenching) indicate that in polar solvents electron transfer can occur at an encounter distance of about 7 A. A kinetic scheme which is consistent with these results and meets the energetic requirements is discussed.

Substrate specificity in hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms

Abstract: Three bacteria (designated stram JOB5, 7E4, and 7E1C) isolated from soil by elective culture techniques and capable of growth on a wide variety of hydrocarbons were tested for substrate specificity. Non-proliferating cells of strain JOB5 grown on each of the C1 to CN series of normal ahphatic hydrocarbons were assayed for the capacity to oxidize all the alkanes, alcohols, fatty acids, and methyl-ketones in the homologous series of straight chain compounds. Cells of strain 7E4 grown on the gaseous alkanes (C1 C4) and strain 7E1C grown on propane were tested for the ability to oxidize the C1 to C4n-alkanes, alcohols, and fatty acids.

Method of producing ethylene

Abstract: THIS SPECIFICATION DISCLOSES A METHOD OF PRODUCING AN OLEFIN, SUCH AS ETHYLENE, CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSICALLY CONTACTING A HYDROCARBON FEED STREAM WITH A MOLTEN SALT OF EITHER ALKALI METAL CARBONATE, ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE, OR A MIXTURE THEREOF FOR A SUFFICIENT TIME TO ALLOW REACTION TO FORM HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS, CONTAINING ETHYLENE AS ONE OF THE MAJOR INGREDIENTS; SEPARATING THE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS FROM THE MOLTEN SALT; AND SEPARATING THE ETHYLENE FROM THE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS. THE SALT IS MAINTAINED AT A TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE RANGE OF 350*C.-850*C. PREFERABLY 550*C.-700*C. IN A SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT, THE MOLTEN SALT IS INTIMATELY CONTACTED BY AN OXYGEN-CONTAINING GAS TO CONVERT CONTAMINANTS IN THE MOLTEN SALT TO GASES WHICH ARE WITHDRAWN TO REGANERATE THE MOLTEN SALT. THE REGENERATED MOLTEN SALT IS RECYCLED INTO CONTACT WITH THE HYDROCARBON FEED STREAM. THE MOLTEN SALT ALLEVIATES POLYMERIZATION AND ISOMERIZATION PROBLEMS; TIES UP CONTAMINANTS IN THE HYDROCARBON FEED, PREVENTING CORROSION WITHIN THE REACTOR AND SIMPLIFYING SEPARATION OF THE ETHYLENE FROM THE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS; EFFECTS REACTION OF THE HYDROCARBONS AT LOWER TEMPERATURES, ALLOWING LESS EXPENSIVE MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE REACTION VESSELS; AND EFFECTS HIGH YIELDS OF ETHYLENE FROM HIGHER MOLEULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS.

Synthesis of Graphite and Hydrocarbons by Reaction between Calcite and Hydrogen.

Abstract: The reaction of calcite with hydrogen was investigated over a range of pressure, temperature, and time. The reaction initiates at about 500°C. Its primarily temperature-dependent rateproceeds in a crystallographically anisotropic manner, and reaction products are CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , H 2 O, CO, CH 4 , C2H 6 , and C (graphite), plus a black solid residue that may be hydrocarbon.

Hydrocarbon steam reforming,conversion and refining

Abstract: HEAVY HYDROCARBON OILS, RESIDUAL FRACTIONS AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS ARE CONVERTED TO USEFUL LIQUID PRODUCTS BY CONTACTING WITH A NICKEL SPINEL CATLAYST PROMOTED WITH A BARIUM SLAT OF AN ORGANIC ACID.

Conversion of hydrocarbons

Abstract: Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites are used as catalysts for various hydrocarbon conversion processes and are particularly useful for conversion of paraffins in the presence of an alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene.

Heat activated curable organosilicon composition

Abstract: 1,217,618. Inhibited-cure organosilicon compositions. DOW CORNING CORP. 10 Dec., 1968 [10 Jan., 1968], No. 58543/68. Heading C3T. A curable organosilicon composition comprises (1) an organosilicon compound having an average of 1-3 monovalent hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon free of aliphatic unsaturation, or cyanoalkyl radicals per Si atom, with at least 2 monovalent unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals per molecule on average, the remaining Si bonds being satisfied by divalent oxygen atoms or divalent hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon ether or haloarylene radicals, which link Si atoms, (2) an organosilicon compound having on average at least 2 Si-H groups per molecule and an average per Si atom of up to 2 monovalent hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon free of aliphatic unsaturation, or cyanoalkyl radicals, the remaining Si bonds being satisfied by divalent oxygen atoms or divalent unsaturation-free hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon ether or haloarylene radicals which link Si atoms, (3) at least 0A1 ppm of (1) plus (2) of a Pt catalyst, based on the weight of Pt, and (4) 0A01 to 4 moles per gmatom of Pt of a C 2-18 carboxylate of tetramethylguanidine. In examples compositions are prepared containing as (1) a number of essentially linear polysiloxanes containing methyl and vinyl groups, and optionally phenyl, benzyl, trifluoropropyl and cyclohexyl groups, as (2) a trimethylsilyl-terminated polymethylhydrogensiloxane or a branched methylhydrogen hexasiloxane or tetramethyl dihydrogen disiloxane or a compound [C 6 H 5 SiH(CH 3 )O] 4 Si, as (3) H 2 PtCl 6 , H 2 Pt(CN) 4 .5H 2 O, PtCl 2 (NH 3 ) 2 , or PtCl 2 (C 2 H 4 ), as (4) tetramethylguanidine acetate caprylate, butyrate, stearate, pendecanoate or propionate, and as filler, if present, fume or treated or unspecified silica and optionally also' ground quartz.

Desulfurization process including an oxidation step with ozone and a vanadium catalyst

Abstract: A DESULFURIZATION PROCESS FOR THE REDUCTION OF SULFUR IN A SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON OIL BY CONTACTING THE SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON OIL WITH OZONE IN THE PRESENCE OF A GROUP IV-B, V-B OR GROUP VI-B METAL FOLLOWED BY SULFUR REDUCTION UTILIZING FOR EXAMPLE A BASE TREATMENT, A THERMAL TREATMENT OR A HYDROSULFURIZATION TREATMENT.

Pressure - Sensitive Adhesives

Abstract: 1,176,443. Pressure sensitive adhesive tapes. ARAKAWA RINSAN KAGAKU KOGYO K.K. 2 May, 1968, No. 20928/68. Heading B2E. [Also in Division C3] A pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. consists of a cellulosic film such as regenerated cellulose backing coated with a composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a natural or synthetic rubber and 30-120 parts by weight of a hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin tackifier prepared by polymerising a cracked petroleum fraction which boils between -10 and 280‹C and contains unsaturated hydrocarbons, at least 50 weight % of which are aromatic olefins, cyclic monoolefins or cyclic diolefins, and hydrogenating the resultant resin to a hydrogenation value of at least 40%. The composition may contain additional tackifiers such as rosin derivatives and other hydrogenated petroleum resins and plasticisers, e.g. dioctyl phthalate. The exemplified synthetic rubber is styrenebutadiene rubber.

Charge Scavenging vs Hydrogen Atom Scavenging in the Radiolysis of Liquid Saturated Hydrocarbons

Abstract: The nitrogen and hydrogen yields from the γ radiolysis of solutions of nitrous oxide in various saturated hydrocarbons were measured. The nitrogen yields were nearly the same in all hydrocarbons, but the amounts of decrease in the hydrogen yields caused by the nitrous oxide varied markedly. The results support the suggestion that nitrous oxide reacts with electrons rather than hydrogen atoms in liquid hydrocarbons, but indicate that some nitrogen is also formed by another reaction and that all electrons do not eventually lead to hydrogen formation during the radiolysis of the pure hydrocarbon. The gaseous product yields from binary cyclohexane solutions of nitrous oxide and of propylene were subjected to kinetic analysis according to several models. It was concluded that the decrease in hydrogen yield caused by nitrous oxide and by propylene can be quantitatively interpreted in terms of interactions between the solutes and the charged intermediates. This offers an alternative to the hydrogen atom scavenging mechanism that has usually been assumed in the past for propylene. Although carbon dioxide and propylene do not attach electrons in the gas phase, they appear to do so in liquid alkanes. Propylene is a somewhat less efficient scavenger than is nitrous oxide.

Gelling hydrocarbon fluids with combinations of aluminum alkyl orthophosphates and amines

Abstract: HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS ARE GELLED WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF CERTAIN METAL ALKYL OLEYL ORTHOPHOSPHATE AND AMINES IN ADMIXTURE.

Organic and biological spectrochemical studies. XXVII. Electron spin resonance spectra of the pyrene monomer and dimer cation radicals

Abstract: The electron spin resonance spectra of pyrene, dissolved in sulfur dioxide – boron trifluoride, are investigated. Two different spectra can be obtained, depending on the experimental conditions, and are ascribed to the monomeric and dimeric hydrocarbon radical cations.

Oxidation of n-alkanes to ketones by an Arthrobacter species.

Abstract: AnArthrobacter strain isolated from soil and selected for poor ability to utilize hexadecane as sole C-source was grown in a hexadecane (or pentadecane) — salts medium supplemented with yeast extract or corn steep liquor as the source of carbon for growth. It accumulated mono-hexadecanones (or pentadecanones). The percentages to which the individual ketones were accumulated depended on the distance of the carbonyl group from the terminal end of the substrate hydrocarbon; the greater the distance, the lower the percentage. The percentages did not depend on the composition of the medium. No other hydrocarbon oxidation products were observed.

Polyurethanes prepared from glyceride reaction products

Abstract: A NEW GROUP OF POLYUIRETHANES ARE DESCRIBED AND CLAIMED TOGETHER WITH METHODS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, THE SAID POLYURETHANES BEING THE REACTION PRODUCTS OF A POLYISOCYANATE WITH A POLYOL COMPONENT, OF WHICH LATTER A SUBSTANTIAL PART IS A REACTION MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBON FATTY ACID GLYCERIDE WITH DIALKANOLAMINE, IN WHICH AT LEAST ABOUT HALF OF THE FATTY ACID HAS BEEN CONVERTED INTO ALKANOLAMIDE.

Prevention of corrosion using heterocyclic nitrogen compounds

Abstract: CORROSION OF METALS BY AQUEOUS ACIDIC SOLUTIONS IS MARKEDLY INHIBITED BY THE PRESENCE OF A HETEROCYCLIC NITROGEN COMPOUND HAVING A 5-MEMBER RING CONTAINING 2 OR 3 NITROGEN ATOMS. TYPICAL COMPOUNDS ARE PYRAZOLE AND 1,2, 4-TRIAZOLE. CORROSION OF CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM PROCESS EQUIPMENT HANDLING HYDROCARBON AND OTHER CHEMICAL STREAMS CONTAINING ACIDIC SUBSTANCES IS MINIMIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF A CORROSION INHIBITOR OF THIS INVENTION.

Antifoulant process using phosphite and ashless dispersant

Abstract: MINERAL HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS WHICH ARE SUBJECTED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES OF THE ORDER OF 200* TO 1300*F. AND WHICH HAVE A TENDENCY TO FORM DEPOSITS BY REASON OF SUCH HEATING HAVE ADDED THERETO MINOR AMOUNTS, OF THE ORDER OF 1 TO 400 PARTS PER MILLION BY WEIGHT, AS A PRETREATMENT OF A CONDENSATION PRODUCT OF A LONG CHAIN ALKYL OR ALKENYL MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID, DICARBOXYLIC ACID OR ANHYDRIDE THEREOF, HAVING A NUMBER AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT BETWEEN ABOUT 600 AND ABOUT 5000, AND AT LEAST ONE POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINE AND AN ADDITION SMALL AMOUNT OF A PHOSPHOROUS ACID OR A MONO--, DI- OR TRIORGANIC PHOSPHITE ESTER HAVING THE FORMULA: R1-O-P(-O-R2)-O-R3 WHEREIN R1 IS HYDROGEN OR A HYDROCARBON RADICAL SUCH AS ALKYL, ARYL, ALKARYL, CYCLO ALKYL, ALKENYL, ARALKYL OR SIMPLE CHLORINATED SUBSTITUENTS THEREOF AND R2 AND R3 ARE HYDROGEN OR ARE SELECTED FROM THE SAME GROUP AS SHOWN FOR R1. BEST ANTIFOULANT RESULTS ARE OBTAINED WHERE THE CONDENSATION PRODUCT AND THE PHOSPHOROUS COMPOUND AS ADMIXTURES OR AS THE PREREACTED COMPOUND OF THESE TWO TYPES OF ADDITIVES ARE ADDED TO THOSE FEEDSTOCKS WHICH CONTAIN OXIDIZED HYDROCARBONS AND/OR UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS.

Gas-releasable and foamable compositions

Abstract: GAS RELEASABLE AND FOAMABLE COMPOSITIONS, ADAPTED TO BE PACKAGED IN CONVENTIONAL NON-PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS AS, FOR EXAMPLE, METAL OR PLASTIC COLLAPSIBLE OR SQUEEZABLE TUBES, COMPRISING SUBSTANTIALLY ANHYDROUS COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A COMPRESSIBLE WATER-INSOLUBLE GAS, PARTICULARLY IN THE FORM OF AN ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON OR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON, DISSOLVED IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT, SUCH AS A POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, WHICH ORGANIC SOLVENT IS ALSO WATERSOLUBLE, AND SUPPLEMENTAL AGENTS TO COMPLETE THE COMPOSITIONS FOR THEIR INTENDED USES, SUCH AS SOLID DETERGENT TABLETS, SUPPOSITORIES, SHAVING CREAMS, MOUTHWASHES, ENEMAS, DRAIN CLEANERS, ETC. WHEN SAID COMPOSITIONS ARE WETTED OR ADMIXED WITH WATER, SAID DISSOLVED COMPRESSIBLE GAS IS DISPLACED FROM SAID ORGANIC SOLVENT AND IS RELEASED IN THE FORM OF A GAS OR, IN CERTAIN CASES, A GAS TO FOR A FOAM.