Showing papers on "Hydrocarbon published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , the authors propose fundamentals, challenges, strategies, and prospects for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion research and propose a review of the current state of the art.
Abstract: Photocatalytic CO 2 conversion is vital technology to realize global carbon neutrality and generate future energy supplies. This review proposes fundamentals, challenges, strategies, and prospects for photocatalytic CO 2 conversion research.
165 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the route by which gas-phase molecules in hydrocarbon flames form condensed-phase carbonaceous nanoparticles (incipient soot) and highlighted the physically stabilised soot inception as a possible "middle way".
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed the route by which gas-phase molecules in hydrocarbon flames form condensed-phase carbonaceous nanoparticles (incipient soot) and highlighted the physically stabilised soot inception as a possible "middle way".
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a class of hydrocarbon ladder polymers that can achieve both high selectivity and high permeability in membrane separations for many industrially relevant gas mixtures was reported.
Abstract: Membranes have the potential to substantially reduce energy consumption of industrial chemical separations, but their implementation has been limited owing to a performance upper bound—the trade-off between permeability and selectivity. Although recent developments of highly permeable polymer membranes have advanced the upper bounds for various gas pairs, these polymers typically exhibit limited selectivity. We report a class of hydrocarbon ladder polymers that can achieve both high selectivity and high permeability in membrane separations for many industrially relevant gas mixtures. Additionally, their corresponding films exhibit desirable mechanical and thermal properties. Tuning of the ladder polymer backbone configuration was found to have a profound effect on separation performance and aging behavior. Description When aging is an asset Separations achieved using membrane processes offer the prospect of reducing the energy costs of industrial-scale chemical separations, but innovative membrane materials are required to achieve the combinations of flux and selectivity. Lai et al. developed a set of ladder polymers prepared using catalytic arene-norbornene annulation polymerization that incorporate fluorene and dihydrophenanthrene units (see the Perspective by Budd). Upon physical aging, these polymers contort in a way that enhances their size-sieving capabilities, as demonstrated for separation between methane and carbon dioxide mixes and hydrogen and methane. —MSL Aging of ladder polymer membranes can tune their structure, leading to enhanced separation of industrially important gas pairs.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report a general strategy for achieving ultra-pure green emissions by suppressing the shoulder peaks in the emission spectra of conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Abstract: Herein, we report a general strategy for achieving ultra-pure green emissions by suppressing the shoulder peaks in the emission spectra of conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Through precise synthetic fusion of multi-resonance (MR) fragments with conventional PAH, extended π-conjugation lengths, increased molecular rigidity, and reduced vibrational frequency could be simultaneously realized. The proof-of-concept emitters exhibited ultra-pure green emissions with dominant peaks at ca. 521 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields that are greater than 99%, a small full-width-at-half-maximum of 23 nm, and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.77). The bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) exhibited a record-high CIE y value of 0.74 and a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 30.5%. The top-emitting OLED not only achieved a BT.2020 green color (CIE: 0.17, 0.78) for the first time but also showed superior performance among all green OLED devices, with a current efficiency of 220 cd A -1 .
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of Fe-Co-K-Al oxides catalysts were prepared by precipitation-reduction method using NH4OH as precipitating agent and NaBH4 as reducing agent.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a series of Fe-Co-K-Al oxides catalysts were prepared by precipitation-reduction method using NH4OH as precipitating agent and NaBH4 as reducing agent.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation efficiency of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content was 78.2% and 72.64% within 72h for the ultrasonically/thermally-activated persulfate (US/Heat/PS) and thermallyactivated PS systems, respectively.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the influence of mineral composition and organic matter (OM) on the development of nano-scale pore, the oil phase states and mobility were analyzed, and the Q1 shale samples can be sub-divided into three types according to the isotherm characteristics.
34 citations
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cross-linked polytriazole polymeric nanofiltration (PCNOF) membrane with 10-nanometer-thin selective layers containing subnanometer channels for the separation of hydrocarbons is presented.
Abstract: The design of materials and their manufacture into membranes that can handle industrial conditions and separate complex nonaqueous mixtures are challenging. We report a versatile strategy to fabricate polytriazole membranes with 10-nanometer-thin selective layers containing subnanometer channels for the separation of hydrocarbons. The process involves the use of the classical nonsolvent-induced phase separation method and thermal cross-linking. The membrane selectivity can be tuned to the lower end of the typical nanofiltration range (200 to 1000 gram mole−1). The polytriazole membrane can enrich up to 80 to 95% of the hydrocarbon content with less than 10 carbon atoms (140 gram mole−1). These membranes preferentially separate paraffin over aromatic components, making them suitable for integration in hybrid distillation systems for crude oil fractionation. Description Polymer membranes for crude oil separation Organic and aprotic solvents will typically destroy polymer separation membranes, thus making it difficult to separate organics by this route. Chisca et al. synthesized polytriazole membranes through film casting and non-solvent-induced phase separation, followed by a simple thermal treatment step to induce chemical cross-linking (see the Perspective by Seo and Koh). This converted the polymer into an asymmetric membrane with an ~10-nm selective layer showing excellent solvent permeability and selectivity. The membranes can enhance the concentration of hydrocarbons with fewer than 10 carbons and were also used for the fractionation of crude oil. —MSL Cross-linked polytriazole polymeric nanofiltration membranes can fractionate crude oil.
TL;DR: In this article , an anion-pillared hybrid ultramicroporous material, called CuTiF6-TPPY, was proposed for selective recognition of C2H4 over C 2H2.
Abstract: One-step separation of C2H4 from ternary C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 hydrocarbon mixtures is of great significance in the industry but is challenging due to the similar sizes and physical properties of C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6. Here, we report an anion-pillared hybrid ultramicroporous material, CuTiF6-TPPY, that has the ability of selective recognition of C2H4 over C2H2 and C2H6. The 4,6-connected fsc framework of CuTiF6-TPPY exhibits semi–cage-like one-dimensional channels sustained by porphyrin rings and TiF62− pillars, which demonstrates the noticeably enhanced adsorption of C2H2 and C2H6 over C2H4. Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm the direct and facile high-purity C2H4 (>99.9%) production from a ternary gas mixture of C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 (1/9/90, v/v/v) under ambient conditions. Computational studies and in situ infrared reveal that the porphyrin moieties with large π-surfaces form multiple van der Waals interactions with C2H6; meanwhile, the polar TiF62− pillars form C–H•••F hydrogen bonding with C2H2. In contrast, the recognition sites for C2H4 in the framework are less marked.
TL;DR: In this paper , the degradation efficiency of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content was 78.2% and 72.64% within 72 h for the ultrasonically/thermally-activated persulfate (US/Heat/PS) and thermallyactivated PS systems, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the key structural parameters of HCAC on the performance of HC adsorption and conversion was studied, and the numerical simulation was carried out with propene as the probe.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors report the synthesis and roll-to-roll manufacturing of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes and demonstrate their high hydroxide conductivity and chemical stability in kW-scale alkaline-based flow batteries.
TL;DR: In this article , the results of diffusion simulation showed that the single component of ethylene molecule has relatively small diffusion coefficient on MFI molecular sieve about 2.2×10 −10 m/s and good adsorption performance at low temperature.
TL;DR: In this paper , the progress of zeolite-based catalysts in the CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon, i.e., gasoline, olefins, and aromatics products through modified Fischer-Tropcsh and methanol mediated pathways, has been discussed.
Abstract: Capturing CO2 and converting it into fuels or fine chemicals is a promising way to deal with climate change issues and energy crises. However, the conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons requires high activation energy owing to the stable CO bond. Therefore a catalyst with high performance is necessary to facilitate the chemical reactions. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that catalysts based on metal or metal oxides combined with zeolites have excellent performances in converting CO2 to various hydrocarbons and have the potential to be applied at an industrial scale. The present review article highlights the progress of zeolite-based catalysts in the CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon, i.e., gasoline, olefins, and aromatics products through modified Fischer-Tropcsh and methanol mediated pathways. The effect of zeolite properties, e.g., topology, acidity, morphology, crystallite size, extra framework cation and atom, and the pore structure, has been discussed. Also, several synthetic strategies for precisely adjusting the zeolite properties were demonstrated. Finally, the insight for future development was proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the production of C1 and C2 products during CO2 photoreduction using H2O or H2 as an electron and proton source.
Abstract: Solar fuel generation through CO2 hydrogenation is the ultimate strategy to produce sustainable energy sources and alleviate global warming. The photocatalytic CO2 conversion process resembles natural photosynthesis, which regulates the ecological systems of the earth. Currently, most of the work in this field has been focused on boosting efficiency rather than controlling the distribution of products. The structural architecture of the semiconductor photocatalyst, CO2 photoreduction process, product analysis, and elucidating the CO2 photoreduction mechanism are the key features of the photoreduction of CO2 to generate C1 and C2 based hydrocarbon fuels. The selectivity of C1 and C2 products during the photocatalytic CO2 reduction have been ameliorated by suitable photocatalyst design, co-catalyst, defect states, and the impacts of the surface polarisation state, etc. Monitoring product selectivity allows the establishment of an appropriate strategy to generate a more reduced state of a hydrocarbon, such as CH4 or higher carbon (C2) products. This article concentrates on studies that demonstrate the production of C1 and C2 products during CO2 photoreduction using H2O or H2 as an electron and proton source. Finally, it highlights unresolved difficulties in achieving high selectivity and photoconversion efficiency of CO2 in C1 and C2 products over various nanostructured materials.
TL;DR: Based on the hydrogeological condition of oil shale area in Nong'an City, a physical simulation test was conducted as discussed by the authors, which found the temperature of surrounding layers continued to be perturbed after heating of the formation had stopped.
TL;DR: Based on the hydrogeological condition of oil shale area in Nong'an City, a physical simulation test was conducted as discussed by the authors , where the maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the simulated formation was 129 mg/kg after oil pyrolysis.
TL;DR: In this article , a fungal strain (Scedosporium sp. ZYY) capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was isolated and co-cultured with biosurfactant-producing bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Y2) to investigate their combined effect on crude-oil degradation.
TL;DR: In this paper , the regenerated Fe-Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts were used for catalytic pyrolysis of poplar sawdust in a fixed bed reactor.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present data on the use of porous metal-organic frameworks for the separation of some industrially important hydrocarbon mixtures, such as ethane and ethylene, propane and propylene, benzene and cyclohexane, and xylene isomers.
Abstract: Abstract The review presents data on the use of porous metal-organic frameworks for the separation of some industrially important hydrocarbon mixtures, such as ethane and ethylene, propane and propylene, benzene and cyclohexane, and xylene isomers. It is shown that enhancing the efficiency of materials based on porous metal-organic frameworks relies on understanding the nature of adsorption sites in their structures, the specifics of interactions between the framework and a particular substrate, and the structural response of the framework (host) as it is filled with guest molecules. The achievements of fundamental studies and unresolved problems related to the use of porous metal-organic frameworks in industrial hydrocarbon separation processes are critically analyzed. The bibliography includes 183 references.
TL;DR: In this paper , the assembly of a mononuclear metal center, a hexanuclear cluster, and a V-shaped, trapezoidal tetracarboxylate linker into a microporous metal-organic framework featuring an unprecedented 3-nodal (4,4,8)-c lyu topology was demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate the assembly of a mononuclear metal center, a hexanuclear cluster, and a V-shaped, trapezoidal tetracarboxylate linker into a microporous metal-organic framework featuring an unprecedented 3-nodal (4,4,8)-c lyu topology. The compound, HIAM-302, represents the first example that incorporates both a primary building unit and a hexanuclear secondary building unit in one structure, which should be attributed to the desymmetrized geometry of the organic linker. HIAM-302 possesses optimal pore dimensions and can separate monobranched and dibranched alkanes through selective molecular sieving, which is of significant value in the petrochemical industry.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of the key structural parameters of HCAC on the performance of HC adsorption and conversion was studied, and the numerical simulation was carried out with propene as the probe.
TL;DR: In this article , the chemical effects of NH3 on soot volume fraction (SVF) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) spatial distributions and the soot morphological evolution were experimentally investigated in five C2H4 diffusion flames with and without NH3/Ar addition using nonintrusive and intrusive methods.
TL;DR: In this article, a bifunctional catalyst (Ni−WOx/NiAl2O4) and a dodecane solvent was developed for the HDO of lignin-derived phenolics.
TL;DR: Based on an amide-modified ligand 5-(ethyl oxamate)-isophthalic acid (H2EtL), a new porous indium-organic framework (Me2NH2) 1.5[In1.5L2]·2DMF·2H2O (1) was synthesized and structurally characterized as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Energy saving and emission reduction have always been the goal of separation and catalysis pursued in industrial production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are leading porous crystal materials with unique advantages in these fields. Based on an amide-modified ligand 5-(ethyl oxamate)-isophthalic acid (H2EtL), a new porous indium-organic framework (Me2NH2)1.5[In1.5L2]·2DMF·2H2O (1) was synthesized and structurally characterized. The unique porous environment gives it dual functional advantages in separation and catalysis. At room temperature, 1 possesses excellent adsorption capacities for C2 hydrocarbons and CO2, showing good separation behaviors for C2 hydrocarbons/CO2 on CH4 and C2H2 on CO2, which is conducive to efficient purification of CH4 and C2H2 confirmed by the breakthrough experiment. Meanwhile, catalytic results indicate that 1 can be used as a good catalyst for effective fixation of CO2 under mild conditions to form cyclic carbonates.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present the trends in selectivity towards specific dicarbon oxygenate/hydrocarbon products from carbon monoxide reduction on transition metal catalysts, with special focus on copper.
Abstract: Abstract The electrochemical conversion of carbon di-/monoxide into commodity chemicals paves a way towards a sustainable society but it also presents one of the great challenges in catalysis. Herein, we present the trends in selectivity towards specific dicarbon oxygenate/hydrocarbon products from carbon monoxide reduction on transition metal catalysts, with special focus on copper. We unveil the distinctive role of electrolyte pH in tuning the dicarbon oxygenate/hydrocarbon selectivity. The understanding is based on density functional theory calculated energetics and microkinetic modeling. We identify the critical reaction steps determining selectivity and relate their transition state energies to two simple descriptors, the carbon and hydroxide binding strengths. The atomistic insight gained enables us to rationalize a number of experimental observations and provides avenues towards the design of selective electrocatalysts for liquid fuel production from carbon di-/monoxide.
TL;DR: In this paper , extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), multi-layer perceptron (MLP) trained with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, adaptive boosting support vector regression (AdaBoost−SVR), and a memory-efficient gradient boosting tree system on adaptive compact distributions (LiteMORT) were used for estimating the hydrogen solubility in hydrocarbon fuels.