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Hydrogen peroxide

About: Hydrogen peroxide is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 42583 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1043732 citations. The topic is also known as: H2O2 & dioxidane.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Free radical processes have been observed in senescence and several membrane-associated disorders of plants including chilling, freezing, and desiccation injuries and the alternative pathway of electron transport in the mitochondria can mediate these degradative processes by reducing the level of superoxide generated by the mitochondia.
Abstract: Free radical processes have been observed in senescence and several membrane-associated disorders of plants including chilling, freezing, and desiccation injuries. The mitochondria of plant tissues exposed to low temperatures, and other abiotic and biotic stresses, produce superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide when electron transport through the cytochrome pathway is impaired due to the energy state of the cell or to stress-induced physical changes in the membrane components. The superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide produced can diffuse throughout the cell causing peroxidation of membrane lipids which results in membrane disruption, increased permeability and metabolic disturbances, and eventually the visible symptoms of chilling injury. The alternative pathway of electron transport in the mitochondria, which is induced by low temperatures in some plant tissues, can mediate these degradative processes by reducing the level of superoxide generated by the mitochondria.

338 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a chemical mechanism for the gas phase atmospheric oxidation of NOx and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the presence of reactive hydrocarbons (RHC) has been developed for use in long-range transport modeling.
Abstract: A chemical mechanism for the gas phase atmospheric oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the presence of reactive hydrocarbons (RHC) has been developed for use in long-range transport modeling. The mechanism includes numerous reactions important for nighttime and multiday simulations which have been previously ignored in photochemical mechanisms designed for urban scale applications. This mechanism is capable of simulating the decay of NOx/SO2/RHC precursors and the formation of oxidation products such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxides, and organic peroxides which have recognized roles in the acidification of precipitation. Testing of detailed and condensed versions of the chemical mechanism is reported.

338 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ratio of the formic acid and H2O2 decomposition rates, as well as the dramatic effect of tert-butyl alcohol on these rates, confirmed that a solution chain reaction mechanism involving *OH controlled the decomposition kinetics of both compounds.
Abstract: This work examines the contribution of solution phase reactions, especially those involving a chain reaction mechanism, to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and organic compounds in the presence of dissolved iron and ferrihydrite. In solutions at pH 4, where Fe was introduced as dissolved Fe(III), both H2O2 and 14C-labeled formic acid decomposed at measurable rates that agreed reasonably well with those predicted by a kinetic model of the chain reaction mechanism, using published rate constants extrapolated to pH 4. The ratio of the formic acid and H2O2 decomposition rates, as well as the dramatic effect of tert-butyl alcohol on these rates, confirmed that a solution chain reaction mechanism involving •OH controlled the decomposition kinetics of both compounds. In the presence of ferrihydrite as the iron source, the ratio of the rate of formic acid decomposition to that of H2O2 decomposition was significantly lower than that observed in the presence of only dissolved Fe. Moreover, neither rate...

338 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This overview describes the main biological reactions of hydrogen peroxide and takes a kinetic approach to identifying likely targets in the cell and considers diffusion of hydrogenperoxide and constraints to its acting at localized sites.
Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is generated in numerous biological processes and is implicated as the main transmitter of redox signals. Although a strong oxidant, high activation energy barriers make it unreactive with most biological molecules. It reacts directly with thiols, but for low-molecular-weight thiols and cysteine residues in most proteins, the reaction is slow. The most favored reactions of hydrogen peroxide are with transition metal centers, selenoproteins, and selected thiol proteins. These include proteins such as catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins, which, as well as providing antioxidant defense, are increasingly being considered as targets for signal transmission. This overview describes the main biological reactions of hydrogen peroxide and takes a kinetic approach to identifying likely targets in the cell. It also considers diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and constraints to its acting at localized sites.

338 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An extracellular peroxidase was purified by chromatofocusing column chromatography from the growth medium of ligninolytic cultures of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds BKM-1767 and produced hydrogen peroxide, which could be used as a co-substrate by ligninases such as those that oxidize veratryl alcohol, or by the peroxids itself to oxidize lign
Abstract: An extracellular peroxidase was purified by chromatofocusing column chromatography from the growth medium of ligninolytic cultures of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds BKM-1767 The enzyme was electrophoretically pure with an Mr of 45 000–47 000 It contained an easily dissociable heme, and required Mn2+ ions for activity In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and Mn2+ it oxidized compounds such as vanillylacetone, 2,6-dimethyloxyphenol, curcumin, syringic acid, guaiacol, syringaldazine, divanillylacetone, and coniferyl alcohol It did not oxidize veratryl alcohol In reactions requiring Mn2+ and O2, but not hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme oxidized glutathione, dithiothreitol, and NADPH with production of hydrogen peroxide The hydrogen peroxide produced could be used as a co-substrate by ligninases such as those that oxidize veratryl alcohol, or by the peroxidase itself to oxidize lignin model compounds

337 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20231,644
20223,392
2021897
20201,112
20191,301