Topic
Hydrostatic equilibrium
About: Hydrostatic equilibrium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2451 publications have been published within this topic receiving 62172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the Earth's gravity field is represented as the potential of a simple layer distributed over the surface of the Earth by combining satellite observations and gravity anomalies, and density values of the simple layer for 192 surface elements are computed and converted into harmonic coefficients up to the 15th degree and order.
Abstract: Summary
The representation of the Earth's gravity field as the potential of a simple layer distributed over the surface of the Earth is determined by combining satellite observations and gravity anomalies. Density values of the simple layer for 192 surface elements are computed and converted into harmonic coefficients up to the 15th degree and order. These co-efficients are used to determine surface density values referred to a reference ellipsoid with the flattening of an earth in hydrostatic equilibrium. The geophysical implications of these values are outlined.
20 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived approximate inversion formulas which permit the calculation of the density on an interior level surface of a rotating planet from observed values of J 2, J 4, and J 6, given that the planet is in hydrostatic equilibrium and the density near the surface varies smoothly with depth.
20 citations
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20 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the three-dimensional structure of lee waves using a combination of linear analysis and numerical simulation, and the cross-stream structure of the waves, the transition from 3D to 2D flow as the breadth of the obstacle is increased, and criteria for 3D non-hydrostatic to hydrostatic transitions.
Abstract: The three-dimensional structure of lee waves is investigated using a combination of linear analysis and numerical simulation. The forcings are represented by flow over a single wave (monochromatic) in the along-stream direction but of limited extent in the cross-stream direction, and by flow over isolated obstacles. The flow structures considered are of constant static stability, and zero, positive, and negative basic-flow shears. Both nonhydrostatic and hydrostatic regimes are studied. Particular emphasis is placed on 1) the cross-stream structure of the waves, 2) the transition from three-dimensional to two-dimensional flow as the breadth of the obstacle is increased, 3) the criteria for three-dimensional nonhydrostatic to hydrostatic transitions, and 4) the effect of obstacle breadth-to-length aspect ratio on the wave drag for this linear system. It is shown that these aspects can in part be understood by relating the gravity waves produced by narrow-breadth obstacles to the “St. Andrew's Cros...
20 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of hydrostatic gravity waves generated by the passage of a steady, stably stratified, moist flow over a two-dimensional topography is considered, and the cloud region is determined by the dynamics, and within that region the Brunt-Vaisala frequency takes on a value smaller than the outside value.
Abstract: The dynamics of hydrostatic gravity waves generated by the passage of a steady, stably stratified, moist flow over a two-dimensional topography is considered. Coriolis effects are neglected. The cloud region is determined by the dynamics, and within that region the Brunt-Vaisala frequency takes on a value smaller than the outside value. In both the dry and cloudy regions the Brunt-Vaisala frequency is constant with height. The moist layer is considered to be either next to the mountain or at midlevels and to be deep enough so that an entire cloud forms in that layer. The nonlinearity in the flow and lower boundary affects the dynamics of these waves and wave drag. The latter is found to depend upon: (1) the location of the moist layer with respect to the ground, (2) the amount of moisture, (3) the degree of nonlinearity and (4) the departure from symmetry in the bottom topography.
20 citations