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Hydrostatic equilibrium
About: Hydrostatic equilibrium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2451 publications have been published within this topic receiving 62172 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the role of hydrostatic stress in hydrogen diffusion in pearlitic steel is outlined from both theoretical and experimental points of view, and a specific microscopic mode of fracture different from classical cleavage was found, associated with hydrogen effects.
Abstract: The relevant role of hydrostatic stress in hydrogen diffusion in pearlitic steel is outlined from both theoretical and experimental points of view. The theoretical development offers the formulation of hydrogen diffusion equations where hydrogen flux density depends not only on the concentration gradient, but also on the hydrostatic stress distribution in the sample. The experimental programme consisted of slow strain-rate tests on axisymmetric notched samples at different strain rates under simultaneous hydrogen charging by cathodic polarization. The use of different notch geometries allows a study of the influence on hydrogen diffusion of the hydrostatic stress state in the vicinity of the notch tip. A specific microscopic mode of fracture different from classical cleavage was found, associated with hydrogen effects: the tearing topography surface. In the quasi-instantaneous tests, the value of hydrostatic stress at the sample boundary (just the notch tip) at the failure instant is relevant from the fracture point of view. In the quasi-static tests, the tearing topography surface depth equals that of the maximum hydrostatic stress point, and the maximum value of the stress triaxiality in each geometry (ratio of the hydrostatic to the equivalent stress, almost constant during the tests) seems to govern the diffusion process. These facts emphasize the relevant role of hydrostatic stress in the vicinity of the notch in hydrogen diffusion.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, mathematical modeling of the propagation of Love waves in a fluid-saturated porous layer under a rigid boundary and lying over an elastic half-space under gravity has been considered.
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use a one-dimensional adaptive-grid thermal evolution code to model Kuiper belt objects Charon, Orcus and Salacia and compare their measured bulk densities with those resulting from evolutionary calculations at the end of 4.6 Gyr.
48 citations
TL;DR: The size-dependent nonlinear buckling and postbuckling behavior of microsized shells made of functionally graded material (FGM) and subjected to hydrostatic pressure is examined and the both nonlocality and strain gradient micro-size dependency are incorporated to an exponential shear deformation shell theory to construct a more comprehensive size- dependent shell model with a refined distribution of shearDeformation.
Abstract: Herein, with the aid of the newly proposed theory of nonlocal strain gradient elasticity, the size-dependent nonlinear buckling and postbuckling behavior of microsized shells made of functionally graded material (FGM) and subjected to hydrostatic pressure is examined. As a consequence, the both nonlocality and strain gradient micro-size dependency are incorporated to an exponential shear deformation shell theory to construct a more comprehensive size-dependent shell model with a refined distribution of shear deformation. The Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme is utilized to estimate the effective material properties of FGM nanoshells. After deduction of the non-classical governing differential equations via boundary layer theory of shell buckling, a perturbation-based solving process is employed to extract explicit expressions for nonlocal strain gradient stability paths of hydrostatic pressurized FGM microsized shells. It is observed that the nonlocality size effect causes to decrease the critical hydrostatic pressure and associated end-shortening of microsized shells, while the strain gradient size dependency leads to increase them. In addition, it is found that the influence of the internal strain gradient length scale parameter on the nonlinear instability characteristics of hydrostatic pressurized FGM microsized shells is a bit more than that of the nonlocal one.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new shallow water theory valid for arbitrary bottom slope, due to Bouchut et al. (2003), is derived systematically by a scaling method and the fact that the pressure is hydrostatic and the form of the velocity parallel to the bottom, are consequences of the scaling method, and need not be assumed.
Abstract: A new shallow-water theory valid for arbitrary bottom slope, due to Bouchut et al. (2003), is derived systematically by a scaling method. The fact that the pressure is hydrostatic, and the form of the velocity parallel to the bottom, are consequences of the scaling method, and need not be assumed.
47 citations