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Hyperkinetic disorder

About: Hyperkinetic disorder is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26730 citations. The topic is also known as: hyperkinetic disorders & hyperkinetic syndrome.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest that geographic location plays a limited role in the reasons for the large variability of ADHD/HD prevalence estimates worldwide and that this variability seems to be explained primarily by the methodological characteristics of studies.
Abstract: Objective: The worldwide prevalence estimates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/hyperkinetic disorder (HD) are highly heterogeneous. Presently, the reasons for this discrepancy remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible causes of the varied worldwide estimates of the disorder and to compute its worldwide-pooled prevalence. Method: The authors searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases from January 1978 to December 2005 and reviewed textbooks and reference lists of the studies selected. Authors of relevant articles from North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East and ADHD/HD experts were contacted. Surveys were included if they reported point prevalence of ADHD/HD for subjects 18 years of age or younger from the general population or schools according to DSM or ICD criteria. Results: The literature search generated 9,105 records, and 303 full-text articles were reviewed. One hundred and two studies comprising 171,756 ...

4,712 citations

Book
03 Nov 2005
TL;DR: Barkley et al. as discussed by the authors discussed the nature of ADHD, primary symptoms, diagnosis criteria, prevalence, and gender differences, and the treatment of ADHD in adults.
Abstract: Part I: The Nature of ADHD. Barkley, History. Barkley, Primary Symptoms, Diagnostic Criteria, Prevalence, and Gender Differences. Barkley, Associated Cognitive, Developmental, and Health Problems. Barkley, Comorbid Disorders, Social and Family Adjustment, and Subtyping. Barkley, Etiologies. Barkley, ADHD in Adults: Developmental Course and Outcome of Children with ADHD, and ADHD in Clinic-referred Adults. Barkley, A Theory of ADHD. Part II: Assessment. Barkley, Edwards, Diagnostic Interview, Behavior Rating Scales, and the Medical Examination.Gordon, Barkley, Lovett, Tests and Observational Measures. Hathaway, Dooling-Litfin, Edwards, Integrating the Results of an Evaluation: Ten Clinical Cases. Murphy, Gordon, Assessment of Adults with ADHD. Part III: Treatment. Anastopoulos, Rhoads, Farley, Counseling and Training Parents. Cunningham, COPE: Large-group, Community-based, Family-centered Parent Training. Robin, Training Families with Adolescents with ADHD. Pfiffner, Barkley, DuPaul, Treatment of ADHD in School Settings. Cunningham, Cunningham, Student-mediated Conflict Resolution Programs. Connor, Stimulants. Spencer, Antidepressant and Specific Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Treatments. Connor, Other Medications. Smith, Barkley, Shapiro, Combined Child Therapies. Murphy, Psychological Counseling of Adults with ADHD. Prince, Wilens, Spencer, Biederman, Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults.

4,151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a group of 579 children with ADHD Combined Type, aged 7 to 9.9 years, were assigned to 14 months of medication management (titration followed by monthly visits); intensive behavioral treatment (parent, school, and child components, with therapist involvement gradually reduced over time); the two combined; or standard community care (treatments by community providers).
Abstract: BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but no longer-term (i.e., >4 months) investigations have compared these 2 treatments or their combination. METHODS A group of 579 children with ADHD Combined Type, aged 7 to 9.9 years, were assigned to 14 months of medication management (titration followed by monthly visits); intensive behavioral treatment (parent, school, and child components, with therapist involvement gradually reduced over time); the two combined; or standard community care (treatments by community providers). Outcomes were assessed in multiple domains before and during treatment and at treatment end point (with the combined treatment and medication management groups continuing medication at all assessment points). Data were analyzed through intent-to-treat random-effects regression procedures. RESULTS All 4 groups showed sizable reductions in symptoms over time, with significant differences among them in degrees of change. For most ADHD symptoms, children in the combined treatment and medication management groups showed significantly greater improvement than those given intensive behavioral treatment and community care. Combined and medication management treatments did not differ significantly on any direct comparisons, but in several instances (oppositional/aggressive symptoms, internalizing symptoms, teacher-rated social skills, parent-child relations, and reading achievement) combined treatment proved superior to intensive behavioral treatment and/or community care while medication management did not. Study medication strategies were superior to community care treatments, despite the fact that two thirds of community-treated subjects received medication during the study period. CONCLUSIONS For ADHD symptoms, our carefully crafted medication management was superior to behavioral treatment and to routine community care that included medication. Our combined treatment did not yield significantly greater benefits than medication management for core ADHD symptoms, but may have provided modest advantages for non-ADHD symptom and positive functioning outcomes.

3,048 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dynamic developmental behavioral theory describes how individual predispositions interact with these conditions to produce behavioral, emotional, and cognitive effects that can turn into relatively stable behavioral patterns.
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently defined as a cognitive/behavioral developmental disorder where all clinical criteria are behavioral. Inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness are presently regarded as the main clinical symptoms. The dynamic developmental behavioral theory is based on the hypothesis that altered dopaminergic function plays a pivotal role by failing to modulate nondopaminergic (primarily glutamate and GABA) signal transmission appropriately. A hypofunctioning mesolimbic dopamine branch produces altered reinforcement of behavior and deficient extinction of previously reinforced behavior. This gives rise to delay aversion, development of hyperactivity in novel situations, impulsiveness, deficient sustained attention, increased behavioral variability, and failure to "inhibit" responses ("disinhibition"). A hypofunctioning mesocortical dopamine branch will cause attention response deficiencies (deficient orienting responses, impaired saccadic eye movements, and poorer attention responses toward a target) and poor behavioral planning (poor executive functions). A hypofunctioning nigrostriatal dopamine branch will cause impaired modulation of motor functions and deficient nondeclarative habit learning and memory. These impairments will give rise to apparent developmental delay, clumsiness, neurological "soft signs," and a "failure to inhibit" responses when quick reactions are required. Hypofunctioning dopamine branches represent the main individual predispositions in the present theory. The theory predicts that behavior and symptoms in ADHD result from the interplay between individual predispositions and the surroundings. The exact ADHD symptoms at a particular time in life will vary and be influenced by factors having positive or negative effects on symptom development. Altered or deficient learning and motor functions will produce special needs for optimal parenting and societal styles. Medication will to some degree normalize the underlying dopamine dysfunction and reduce the special needs of these children. The theory describes how individual predispositions interact with these conditions to produce behavioral, emotional, and cognitive effects that can turn into relatively stable behavioral patterns.

948 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jan 1999-Science
TL;DR: The parallels between the DAT knockout mice and individuals with ADHD suggest that common mechanisms may underlie some of their behaviors and responses to psychostimulants.
Abstract: The mechanism by which psychostimulants act as calming agents in humans with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or hyperkinetic disorder is currently unknown. Mice lacking the gene encoding the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) have elevated dopaminergic tone and are hyperactive. This activity was exacerbated by exposure to a novel environment. Additionally, these mice were impaired in spatial cognitive function, and they showed a decrease in locomotion in response to psychostimulants. This paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants depended on serotonergic neurotransmission. The parallels between the DAT knockout mice and individuals with ADHD suggest that common mechanisms may underlie some of their behaviors and responses to psychostimulants.

847 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20214
202015
20199
20189
201712
201611