Showing papers on "Hypoventilation published in 1975"
TL;DR: There is an alteration in the central nervous system in myotonic dystrophy which is at least partially responsible for both the alveolar hypoventilation and the hypersomnia.
Abstract: A case of myotonic dystrophy accompanied by alveolar hypoventilation and hypersomnia is presented. Radiological studies and EMG examination of the intercostal muscles demonstrated that the respiratory muscles were affected by the disease, while polygraphic recordings showed that the alveolar hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension worsened during sleep. The hypersomnia preceded the appearance of clinical signs of the muscular disease by many years and persisted even after treatment when the blood gas analysis values were greatly improved. During both diurnal and nocturnal sleep, the patient frequently fell asleep directly into a REM stage. The possibility is discussed that, concomitant with the respiratory musculature involvement, there is an alteration in the central nervous system in myotonic dystrophy which is at least partially responsible for both the alveolar hypoventilation and the hypersomnia.
99 citations
TL;DR: These experiments suggest that although many factors may contribute to the increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in respiratory failure, pharmacologic agents, particularly aminophylline, may play a significant role.
Abstract: Cardiac arrhythmias have frequently been reported in association with respiratory failure. The possible additive role of pharmacologic agents in precipitating cardiac disturbances in patients with respiratory failure has only recently been emphasized. The effects of aminophylline on the ventricular fibrillation threshold during normal acid-base conditions and during respiratory failure were studied in anesthetized open chest dogs. The ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured by passing a gated train of 12 constant current pulses through the ventricular myocardium during the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. During the infusion of aminophylline, the ventricular fibrillation threshold was reduced by 30 to 40 percent of the control when pH and partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were kept within normal limits. When respiratory failure was produced by hypoventilation (pH 7.05 to 7.25; PCO2 70 to 100 mm Hg; PO2 20 to 40 mm Hg), infusion of aminophylline resulted in an even greater decrease in ventricular fibrillation threshold to 60 percent of the control level. These experiments suggest that although many factors may contribute to the increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in respiratory failure, pharmacologic agents, particularly aminophylline, may play a significant role.
53 citations
TL;DR: Both hypoxic and hypercapnic drives were significantly depressed in the asthmatic patients, and in some patients, these depressed respiratory drives might contribute to hypoventilation, to severe hypoxemia, and to respiratory failure during severe asthma.
35 citations
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: The relationship of upper airway obstruction to hypoventilation and cor pulmonale is discussed in the hope of renewing interest in this problem and alerting physicians to think of this possiblity early in the evaluation of such patients.
Abstract: A 6-year-old child manifested symptoms and signs of alveolar hypoventilation and signs of cor pulmonale caused by obstruction of the upper airway These symptoms and signs disappeared after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy The relationship of upper airway obstruction to hypoventilation and cor pulmonale is discussed in the hope of renewing interest in this problem and alerting physicians to think of this possiblity early in the evaluation of such patients
21 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of maternal and neonatal blood samples for cholinesterase-activity determination revealed a case of hypoventilation in the newborn to be apparently secondary to succinylcholine administration to the mother during obstetric anesthesia.
Abstract: Analysis of maternal and neonatal blood samples for cholinesterase-activity determination revealed a case of hypoventilation in the newborn to be apparently secondary to succinylcholine administration to the mother during obstetric anesthesia.
12 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It was clear that the pulmonary capillary reserve was almost exhausted and complete perfusion of the capillary bed may be due to increased cardiac output and, in part, to reduction of the respiratory surface caused by raising of the diaphragm and hypoventilation of the lung bases.
Abstract: The literature data concerning respiratory function in cirrhosis of the liver are cited and reference is made to the results of a spirometric, gas analysis and 133-Xenon investigation of this parameter in 38 patients. Spirometry pointed to slight ventilatory incapacity of the restrictive type. Arterial gas analaysis showed respiratory alkalosis, usually accompanied by metabolic acidosis and slight hypoxyaemia. Examination with 133-Xe indicated that hypoxyaemia was not due to a shunt effect, since there was no excess of perfusion with respect to district ventilation. It was clear, on the other hand, that the pulmonary capillary reserve was almost exhausted. Such complete perfusion of the capillary bed may be due to increased cardiac output and, in part, to reduction of the respiratory surface caused by raising of the diaphragm and hypoventilation of the lung bases.
3 citations
TL;DR: The puppies, therefore, responded to anesthesia and alveolar hypoventilation without development of increased pulmonary shunts, and were able to be anesthetized and paralyzed healthy beagle puppies.
Abstract: Pulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt) was measured in 16 anesthetized and paralyzed healthy beagle puppies during a control period when the end-expired CO2 concentration was 5 per cent and during alveolar hypoventilation, when the PaCO2 increased to 100 plus or minus 13 torr (mean plus or minus SE) and the ;Ha vecame 7.04 plus or minus 0.04. A constant tidal volume was maintained throughout each study, and hypoventilation was achieved by slowing only the respiratory rate. During the control period Qs/Qt was 2.9 plus or minus 0.3 per cent; during hypoventilation Qs/Qt was 3.2 plus or minus 0.3 per cent (an insignificant difference). The puppies, therefore, responded to anesthesia and alveolar hypoventilation without development of increased pulmonary shunts.
3 citations
TL;DR: During hypoventilation the difference in various forms of CO2 between arterial and mixed venous blood showed first a downward shift and then gradually increased, whereas during hyperventilation they progressively increased and reached a constant level within 10–20 min.
Abstract: In 22 dogs, subjected to a step change in ventilation, serial changes in blood gas composition and lactate and pyruvate concentrations of arterial as well as mixed venous blood were studied. The change of
$$P_{a CO_2 }$$
was approximately 20 mm Hg both in hypo- and hyperventilation. During hypoventilation the difference in various forms of CO2 between arterial and mixed venous blood showed first a downward shift and then gradually increased, whereas during hyperventilation they progressively increased and reached a constant level within 10–20 min. This difference was assumed to be mainly due to more efficient CO2 elimination through lung ventilation in hyperventilation as compared with CO2 accumulation from tissue metabolism in hypoventilation. In vivo buffer slopes for CO2 during hypoventilation were about half those in vitro, whereas during hyperventilation both slopes were approximately the same. In vivo arterial buffer slope was higher during hypoventilation and lower during hyperventilation as compared to that of mixed venous blood in the respective state of ventilation.
1 citations
TL;DR: A 37 year-old man was admitted in severe acute respiratory failure after a surgical procedure and was weaned from the respirator on the nineteenth day, and a decrease of shunt on inhalation of 100% oxygen suggests impairment of diffusion.
1 citations