scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Ideal (set theory)

About: Ideal (set theory) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18202 publications have been published within this topic receiving 198659 citations.


Papers
More filters
Book
01 Feb 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempt to find a middle ground by balancing engineering principles and equations of use to every automotive engineer with practical explanations of the mechanics involved, so that those without a formal engineering degree can still comprehend and use most of the principles discussed.
Abstract: This book attempts to find a middle ground by balancing engineering principles and equations of use to every automotive engineer with practical explanations of the mechanics involved, so that those without a formal engineering degree can still comprehend and use most of the principles discussed. Either as an introductory text or a practical professional overview, this book is an ideal reference.

3,166 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an analysis of such a structure under ideal conditions and prove that its efficiency can exceed not only the Shockley and Queisser efficiency for ideal solar cells but also that for ideal two-terminal tandem cells which use two semiconductors, as well as that predicted for ideal cells with quantum efficiency above one but less than two.
Abstract: Recent attempts have been made to increase the efficiency of solar cells by introducing an impurity level in the semiconductor band gap. We present an analysis of such a structure under ideal conditions. We prove that its efficiency can exceed not only the Shockley and Queisser efficiency for ideal solar cells but also that for ideal two-terminal tandem cells which use two semiconductors, as well as that predicted for ideal cells with quantum efficiency above one but less than two.

2,226 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors distinguish between two metatheoretical concepts, transaction and interaction, to address internal and external determinants of behavior in stress, and they have been drawn inexorably toward an emphasis on transaction by the very nature of stress phenomena and the evolving theoretical perspective within which they have worked.
Abstract: Because stress implies a particular kind of commerce between a person (or animal) and environment, it provides an ideal vehicle for addressing the subject matter of this book on internal and external determinants of behavior. We believe this issue is expressed especially well by differentiating between two metatheoretical concepts, transaction and interaction. We have been drawn inexorably toward an emphasis on transaction by the very nature of stress phenomena and the evolving theoretical perspective within which we have worked.

1,879 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Understanding of computer codes for aparticular class of problems has advanced some way toward completeness, yet the problems are sufficiently complex that naive numerical techniques can produce disaster, yet sufficiently simple that well-understood physics can be understood.
Abstract: P. L. RoeCollege of Aeronautics, Cranfield Institute of Technology,Cranfield MK43 0AL, EnglandIntroductionComputer simulations of fluid flow provide today the sort of detailedinformation concerning special cases that could previously only beobtained from experime.nts. The computer is attractive as a replacement forexperiments that are difficult, dangerous, or expensive, and as an alternativeto experiments that are impossible. Nevertheless, a computer simulationdoes not have quite the same status as a physical experiment because atpresent there usually remains some doubt about its accuracy. Even thoughthe computer code may be free of error to the extent that it operates exactlyas its author intended, it is seldom possible to give a rigorous proof thatthese intentions were in all respects correct. Most of the practical codeswritten to solve complicated problems contain empirical features, some-times in the form of "adjustable constants" whose values must be "tuned"by appeal to the experiments that the simulations are intended to displace.A computer code is described as being "robust" if it has the virtue ofgiving reliable answers to a wide range of problems without needing to beretuned. The ideal code would be one that fully met some declaredspecification of accuracy and problem range, and whose every line was anecessary contribution to that aim. Few codes yet approach that ideal; amajor impediment is that we presently have little idea what properties canbe specified without contradiction.In recent years, however, our understanding of computer codes for aparticular class of problems has advanced some way toward completeness.The problems are sufficiently complex that naive numerical techniques canproduce disaster, yet sufficiently simple that well-understood physics can3370066-4189/86/0115-0337502.00www.annualreviews.org/aronline Annual Reviews

1,777 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202215
2021846
2020926
2019879
2018815
2017725