Showing papers on "Ideal type published in 2015"

What kind of theory – if any – is securitization?

Abstract: One of the great appeals of securitization theory, and a major reason for its success, has been itsusefulness as a tool for empirical research: an analytic framework capable of practical applicatio ...

Using A Polar Grounded Composite To Describe The Socio-Cultural Determinants Of ESL Teaching In Rural Fijian Schools

Abstract: This paper utilises a grounded narrative to report on the most culturally-Fijian characteristics of teaching. The grounded narrative is a qualitative reporting methodology used to convey the Fijian educational setting vividly and authentically. It highlights the salient cultural characteristics that typify Fijian teaching by depicting a most culturally-extreme Fijian rural school, the 'ideal type'. This description effectively highlights the sociocultural determinants of Fijian school ethos by reporting on extreme aspects of English teaching and daily school management. Key words: Qualitative Reporting, Grounded Narrative, Grounded Theory, ESL, Teaching Methods, and Fiji Introduction This paper utilises a grounded narrative to describe major sociocultural characteristics that determine the ethos and administration of Fijian rural secondary schools and that influence their teaching of a common 'English as a Second Language' curriculum. The ethnographic field work informing this article was conducted in eight rural Fijian secondary schools over three years. Polar analyses of salient observations were coalesced and reported as characteristics of one fictional characteristically-Fijian secondary school. These polar characteristics are grounded by references to the data. This original phenomenological qualitative reporting technique, which I call 'grounded composite narrative', is derived from Weber's 'ideal type' and Grounded Theory methodology. This paper presents (1) the grounded narrative as a qualitative reporting methodology, then uses the grounded narrative to describe (2) a fictitious rural Fijian secondary school: Koronivuli Lomolomo and (3) its interpretation of the 'English as a Second Language' (ESL) curriculum. 1 The grounded narrative as communicative qualitative reporting methodology The grounded narrative as an interpretive tool for etic context-representation The grounded narrative is a qualitative reporting methodology that I used for vividly describing the Fijian educational research context. It is a narrative, grounded in insiders' experiences (Halliwell, 1995) and anchored in reality, which should be seen as "opening a window on the mind, or ... as opening a window on their culture" (Cortazzi, 1993, pp. 1-2). This methodology provides an emic contextual dimension to etic context-representation and allows the grounding of abstract analytic concepts in concrete particulars. The resulting richly vivid descriptive narrative allows the reader to vicariously and emphatically experience the anthropological research context by reorganising and reconstructing its context to create personally relevant meaning. To this end, I developed three types of grounded narratives. The first is the polar grounded composite of extreme characteristics which functions as a stereotype. The second is the bi-polar grounded composite that contrasts two contexts. This is used for describing two fictitious contexts, each embodying contrasting characteristics. The third type is the modal grounded composite that typifies the research context by a description embodying its modal characteristics. This article uses the polar grounded narrative which is an extension of Weber's 'ideal type': An ideal type is formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those one-sidedly emphasized viewpoints into a unified analytical construct (Gedankenbild). In its conceptual purity, this mental construct ... cannot be found empirically anywhere in reality. It is a utopia. (Weber, 1949, pp. 89-90) This unified analytical mental construct allows for the creation of a vivid description of the most culturally-extreme characteristics of Fijian rural secondary schools by coalescing them into one fictional school. …

The Crisis of New Labor and Alinsky’s Legacy Some Questions, Comments, and Problems

Abstract: This comment questions Jane McAlevey’s attempt to move from a participant observation of one organizing campaign to broad generalizations about the failure of “New Labor.” It challenges the ideal type that she constructs by considering aspects of another “new labor” local, and problematizes her conception of interests as they pertain to both workers and unions.

Liderazgo de los rectores frente a la "tercera misión" de la universidad

Abstract: IES, con- trastandolo con lo que ocurre en ese ambito en las universidades publicas mexicanas. Abstract: One of the transformations in higher education is associated with the interactions of its institutions with other types of organizations in the public, private, and social sectors. A branch of research rarely addressed is the study of the leadership of univer- sity presidents as relevant actors in the academic and administrative management of higher education institutions. Th is article analyzes the relation between research on the "third mission" in innovative universities, and research dedicated to the analysis of university presidents' leadership styles. We turn to psychology in the study of behavior and to the sociology of organizations to propose an ideal type of leadership to steer higher education institutions, contrasting this leadership with the reality of Mexico's public universities.

Empirically Grounded Building of Ideal Types. A Methodical Principle of Constructing Theory in the Interpretative Research in Mathematics Education

Abstract: The central question of this article is: How can the development of ideal types contribute to the empirically based construction of theories in the interpretive research of mathematics education? First we specify and localize the theoretical understanding used and then clarify the term ‘ideal type’ distinguishing between three kinds of ideal types: the ideal type of action, the personal, and the situational ideal type. With the help of examples from empirical research, we show how the construction of ideal types can be used as a methodical principle of theory construction. In so doing, common features and different heuristics of empirically-based theory construction are reconstructed.

Bureaucracy, Sociology of

Abstract: Bureaucracy is an organizational form that became dominant in business, government, and other arenas during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Since then, extensive debates among sociologists and others have centered on its nature, rationality, and social impact. This article reviews the major arguments, beginning with Max Weber's foundational ideal type and addressing subsequent work on bureaucracy's informal and cultural dimensions, external influences, internal contradictions, and pitfalls of societal bureaucratization. While some have proclaimed bureaucracy's demise amidst today's postindustrial economy, evidence suggests that it lives on – with consequences that are just as ambivalent as in Weber's time.

La profesionalización de la filosofía y el ethos del exilio español en México

Abstract: This paper tries to do a comparative study of professionalization process of the spanish and mexican philosophy to evaluate the specifical contribution of the spanish philosophical exilie ethos to the professionalization of the mexican philosopy. The work is supported in the sociology of professions to define the conditions of possibility of an intellectual profesional activity as a ideal type. Then I make an exercise of social history of philosophy to compare the ideal type with the two empirical cases. Finally I make a comparation between both cases to evaluate the specifical contribution of the spanish exile to the professionalization of the philosophy in Mexico.

An idea of nature: a bipolar proposal

Abstract: This article argues that in order to understand nature, we depend on a basic idea or ideal type of nature, following R. G. Collingwood's work The Idea of Nature. Collingwood asserted that the prevailing idea of nature in Western thought evolved through three analogies for understanding nature: (1) living organism, (2) machine, and (3) historical process. His use of the concept of idea is comparable to the use of ideal type proposed by Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch. This article is a bipolar proposal: the one pole suggests revising Collingwood by including three additional elements: (4) emergence, (5) mystery, and (6) full-bodied/God-intoxication. Each of these elements is elaborated. The second pole concludes that under the aegis of this sixfold idea of nature, the classical Christian dogma of the Incarnation, the Two Natures of Christ can be interpreted as a proposal for understanding nature. The two poles are not necessarily bound together, but for certain theological purposes they may indeed work in tandem.

On some ideal related to the ideal (v 0 )

Abstract: Abstract The ideal (v0) is known in the literature and is naturally linked to the structure [ω]ω. We consider some natural counterpart of the ideal (v0) related in an analogous way to the structure Dense(ℚ) and investigate its combinatorial properties. By the use of the notion of ideal type we prove that under CH this ideal is isomorphic to (v0).

History and the Systematic Human Sciences

Abstract: Between interpretation and observation; general methodological problems of the systematic human sciences; interpretation and prediction; psychology; the social sciences; economy as the region of practical social interactions in the lifeworld; from jurisprudence and the science of law to politics and political science; and from political science to the science of law.

Making equality work: Ambiguities, conflicts and change agents in the implementation of equality policies in public sector organisations

Abstract: The dissertation by Anne-Charlott Callerstigs concerns gender mainstreaming implementation in public sector in Sweden. As a starting point, Callerstig stresses public administration as an important place where the idea and ambition of gender equality expects to be realized. The traditional ideal type of the public administration, based on the work of Max Weber, assumes that public officials are neutral and that the implementation process of political objectives can be portrayed as constituted of several and separable stages. Thus, research has shown that this is not often what the implementation process looks like. Instead, public officials are highly influencing the implementation process due to their own ideological worldviews, as well as further different factors. Since gender mainstreaming, the strategy for integrating an equality perspective into everyday policy planning and delivery, is supposed to be “ongoing” and not able to implement only once it highly questions the traditional ideal type of the function of the public administration. Drawing on a theoretical discussion about the role of the public administration, Callerstig wonders what the influencing factors and the role of actors are when implementing gender mainstreaming in public sector. On a more general level, the question concerns how gender mainstreaming is implemented. Importantly, Callerstig states that there is a lack of feministic implementation research, which is a considerable problem for the research field of implementation of public policy, as well as for the field of feministic research. At the first page of the book Callerstig states that the public administration needs to be studied when analyzing the fate of gender equality politics: “It may in fact be that to a large degree politics is shaped and given