Topic
Identity (philosophy)
About: Identity (philosophy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13230 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117391 citations. The topic is also known as: identity relation & itself.
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Book•
06 Sep 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a theory of individuation based on the absoluteness of sameness, essentialism and conceptualism, and define a set of concepts: sortal concepts: their characteristic activity or function or purpose.
Abstract: 1. The absoluteness of sameness 2. Outline of a theory of individuation 3. Sortal concepts: their characteristic activity or function or purpose 4. Essentialism and conceptualism 5. Conceptualism and realism 6. Vagueness, determinacy and identity: a conceptualist proposal 7. Personal identity.
346 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the author showed that the splitting of identity is reversible if the object relations are strong enough (example: Rahel Varnhagen), and the schizophrenic subject escapes into another manner of being in a desperate effort to survive.
Abstract: The author shows that the splitting of identity is reversible if the object relations are strong enough (example: Rahel Varnhagen). The schizophrenic subject escapes into another manner of being in a desperate effort to survive (example: Gregor Samsa in the novel of Kafka). A borderline patient recovers her identity by overcoming a symbiotic relationship with her psychotic mother.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the identity of weak and strong extensions for general linear differential operators is proved with reference to the function space 2P and the main tool for the proof is a certain class of smoothing operators approximating unity, the "mollifiers".
Abstract: In applying the theory of linear operators in Hubert spaces or spaces $p to the solution of differential equation problems, it is impossible to retain the. meaning of differentiation in the ordinary sense; the concept of differential operator must be extended. Two such extensions offer themselves, a \"weak\" and a \"strong\" one. Existence theorems, when derived by variational methods, result most directly in terms of the weak extensions. It is the strong extension, however, which offers the natural approach to establishing properties of the solution; in particular those that lead to differentiability in the ordinary sense. The fact that both extensions are identical is therefore decisive. The objective of this paper is to prove the identity of weak and strong extension for general linear differential operators. The main tool for the proof is a certain class of smoothing operators approximating unity, the \"mollifiers.\" These mollifiers yield the identity of both extensions immediately for differential operators with constant coefficients; it is remarkable that they are a strong enough tool to yield this identity likewise for operators with non-constant coefficients. While the present paper is not concerned with the application to existence problems^), other miscellaneous applications and generalizations of the identity will be discussed. In the main part of the paper (§§1-3) the identity of weak and strong extensions is proved with reference to the function space 2P. Generalization to function spaces enjoying a certain translation property is possible (§5). Under certain restrictions weak and strong extensions can be expressed in terms of adjointness (§4). The miscellaneous applications (§6) refer in particular, to underdetermined systems and to Haar's lemma. 1. Extended differential operators. Let x = (xu ■ ■ ■ , xm) be a point in an w-dimensional Euclidean space. Let R be an open region in that space. Let u= {uc}, a— 1, • • • , s, be a system of functions defined in R; u = u(x) will in general simply be called a function. Let Am n=l, ■ ■ • , m, B be matrices transforming systems « of j functions into systems A„u, Bu of t functions.
329 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Frei's historical interpretation of the Bible as a writing is presented, which is the best historical study we have in English of developments from Post-Renaissance hermeneutics to the modern hermeutics of Schleiermacher and Hegel.
Abstract: Hans Frei's book deserves much more attention than it has yet received in historical, philosophical and literary circles. His text is the best historical study we have in English of developments from Post-Renaissance hermeneutics to the modern hermeneutics of Schleiermacher and Hegel. Frei's fascinating interpretation is intertwined with a complex argument regarding the problematic status of modern theological discourse. This argument rests upon conceiving \"the Bible as writing,\" which thereby requires appropriate literary critical tools. Frei's philosophical perspective is inspired by Karl Barth and indebted to Gilbert Ryle, Peter Strawson and Stuart Hampshire. His literary critical approach is guided by the monumental achievement of Erich Auerbach. And Frei's historical interpretation is wholly original an imaginative reshaping of the terrain of early modern interpretation theory. Frei's fresh interpretation demonstrates the specific ways in which forms of supernaturalism, historicism, classicism, moralism and positivism have imposed debilitating constraints on the emergence of modern hermeneutics. These constraints resulted in a discursive closure which prohibited the development of a perspective which viewed Biblical texts as literary texts depicting unique characters and personages. Instead, early modern hermeneutical discourse conceived such texts as manifestations of divine presence, sources for historical reconstruction, articulations of the inner existential anxieties of its authors, bases for moral imperatives or candidates for verifiable claims. In a painstaking and often persuasive manner, Frei examines the \"precritical\" (a self-serving adjective coined by modern hermeneutical thinkers) interpretive procedures of Luther and Calvin, the pietistic viewpoint represented by Johann Jacob Rambach, the rationalistic approach of Spinoza and the proto-heilsgeschichtliche outlook of Johannes Cocceius.
317 citations
DOI•
01 Jul 1995
TL;DR: McCarthy and Prince as mentioned in this paper show that truncated words mimic derived properties of their sources, and conclude that truncatory correspondence is a relation between two output forms, which extends Correspondence Theory beyond basereduplicant and input-output relations, establishing correspondence between separate words.
Abstract: Morphologically truncated words may be phonologically irregular, constituting a class of exceptions to regular surface patterns.1 In this paper I propose that phonological irregularities in truncated words are identity effects forced by constraints demanding identity between truncated forms and their source words. These constraints, which are ranked and violable in the Optimality Theory model (Prince & Smolensky 1993), regulate the correspondence relation between the source word base and the truncated form, in the same way that faithfulness constraints require identity of base and copy in reduplicated words (McCarthy & Prince 1993a et seq.). I will show that truncated words mimic derived properties of their sources, and conclude that truncatory correspondence is a relation between two output forms. Building on proposals in McCarthy & Prince (1994b, 1995), this analysis of truncatory identity extends Correspondence Theory beyond basereduplicant and input-output relations, establishing correspondence between separate words.
315 citations