Showing papers on "Identity (social science) published in 1968"

Identity, youth, and crisis

Abstract: Identity, Erikson writes, is an unfathomable as it is all-pervasive. It deals with a process that is located both in the core of the individual and in the core of the communal culture. As the culture changes, new kinds of identity questions arise-Erikson comments, for example, on issues of social protest and changing gender roles that were particular to the 1960s. Representing two decades of groundbreaking work, the essays are not so much a systematic formulation of theory as an evolving report that is both clinical and theoretical. The subjects range from "creative confusion" in two famous lives-the dramatist George Bernard Shaw and the philosopher William James-to the connection between individual struggles and social order. "Race and the Wider Identity" and the controversial "Womanhood and the Inner Space" are included in the collection.

War and Peace in the Global Village

Abstract: From the Publisher: War and Peace in The Global Village is a collage of images and text that sharply illustrates the effects of electronic media and new technology on man. Marshall McLuhan wrote this book thirty years ago and following its publication predicted that the forthcoming information age would be "a transitional era of profound pain and tragic identity quest". Marshall McLuhan illustrates the fact that all social changes are caused by introduction of new technologies. He interprets these new technologies as extensions or "self-amputations of our own being", because technologies extend bodily reach. McLuhan's ideas and observations seem disturbingly accurate and clearly applicable to the world in which we live. War and Peace in the Global Village is a meditation on accelerating innovations leading to identity loss and war.

Cyclic Amp: A Naturally Occurring Acrasin in the Cellular Slime Molds

Abstract: There has been a long search for the chemical identity of acrasin, the chemotactic substance responsible for the aggregation of amoebae in the development of cellular slime molds. With the help of ...

Identity and 'the difference'

Abstract: : In his book, 'The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes,' Professor Mortimer J. Adler considers both aspects of the mind-body problem and the moral consequences of possible settlements of the mind-body problem. This paper considers Professor Adler's views on the mind-body problem primarily with respect to the Identity Thesis.

The Migration and Adaptation of American Indians to Los Angeles

Abstract: The city of Los Angeles has the largest population of American Indians in the United States. In this city, the Indians are actively creating a pan-Indian subculture which accommodates their aboriginal history and reservation culture to the newer world of urban living. Athletic leagues, Christian churches, and other institutions Euro-American in character are focusing on their Indian membership and identity with such activities as social centers, annual fairs and yearly Christmas parties. Tradition-oriented dance clubs flourish.

Further information on the identity of 47,XYY males.

Abstract: the germ of an idea for explaining how malformations are produced by chromosomal aberrations. Otherwise this branch of pathology is shrouded in complete darkness. I must also apologize for presenting so many peculiar and mysterious diagrams. However, if they have been entertaining, though incomprehensible, I shall feel that I have been excused for asking your attention for such a long time on subject matter which may seem remote from medicine. At one of the best meetings of the Harveian Society that I ever attended, the chief performer was an expert in prestidigitation, and I only wish that I could have been as entertaining as he was on that occasion: only very modest conjuring can be performed with dermatoglyphics. To demonstrate this perhaps I may be permitted to end up with an anecdote. Some years ago a stranger from an eastern country came to my room at University College. He produced, rather furtively, some palm prints and asked me to give an opinion about the person from whom they had been taken. I explained that I did not tell fortunes or estimate character; but I said that they probably came from a normal male, and I assured him that they were not the prints of a certain wellknown type of imbecile. "That is good," he said, "because he is our prime minister." REFERENCES

Social Identity and Expressive Symbols: The Meaning of an Initiation Ritual1

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between expressive symbols and the identity transformations implicit in adolescent initiation rituals. Previous work views these rites as a means of insuring role commitment; they enable a society to motivate its members to willingly accept adult role obligations essential to its survival. On the other hand, our analysis of high school sorority initiation rites in an urban community suggests that they confirm the initiate's new social identity in a way that strengthens the moral categories that define the local status system. In contrast to those who argue that these sorts of rituals promote community solidarity, we maintain that they support the ideology of the dominant groups in a local status hierarchy.

The Modernizing of Communication: Vernacular Publishing in Nineteenth Century Maharashtra

Abstract: One of the most profound technological changes that Indian society has experienced in the last hundred years has occurred in its methods of communication. This is the change from a primarily oral system of communication, in which most texts were sacred ones, to a primarily written system utilizing the printing press, which was introduced generally into India at about the beginning of the nineteenth century. It is assumed in a general way that communicative modernization must have produced changes in the nature of social relationships in India, but only recently has the relationship between communicative modernization and sociopolitical change in India begun to be examined.1 Interest in the relationship between communication and sociopolitical change in India has been stimulated by the writings of Karl Deutsch, who has analyzed the phenomenon of nationalism as a product of the system of communication through which particular social groups perceive their common interest and common identity. In Deutsch's words, "Membership in a people . . . consists in the ability to communicate more effectively over a wider range of subj ects with members of one large group than with outsiders."2 This sense of membership is spread by a network of communicative channels uniting the political, economic and administrative centers of a territory with more isolated outlying areas.3 The process by which people within a territory come to perceive their commonalty through these communication channels, Deutsch has termed "social mobilization." Deutsch's various analyses of the formation of national states in Europe indicate that the process of social mobilization underlies both the formation of the ideology of nationalism and the development of the institution of national states. Since social mobilization is a communicative process, its measurement requires close attention to communicative media and institutions. These have received perhaps less attention than they deserve in the literature dealing with Europe, since printing and the communicative modes associated with it have been well established there for some centuries. But this is not

Identity Changes during the Transition from Student to Professor

Abstract: This research investigates one phase in the process by which Ph.D. candidates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology make the transition from the graduate-student role to the role of professor. This transition will be viewed as a synthesizing process in which the student's identity develops a component consistent with the professor role. The hypothesis to be tested is that the general examinations represent a transition rite following which students' selfconceptions will be significantly altered. The transitional process.-An individual's life-history may be conceptualized as a series of boundary passages from one role to another. For example, one might think of a person's development in terms of the following stages: infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age. More specifically, one could conceptualize stages in terms of the various roles he might sequentially acquire: high school student, college student, company trainee, manager, etc. Thus, one common characteristic of the human condition is recurring role transition.

Psychologic Approach to Psychosexual Misidentity with Elective Mutism Sex Reassignment in Two Cases of Hyperadrenocortical Hermaphroditism

Abstract: Two cases of hyperadrenocortical fe male hermaphroditism illustrate that psy chosexual identity may differentiate inde pendently of genetic, gonadal, hormonal and morphologic sex, and also of assigned sex. One child, assigned as a boy, elected by age 12 to be reassigned as a girl. The other child, assigned as a girl, elected by age 11 to be reassigned as a boy. It was possible to overcome the psychologic handicap of their elective mutism, espe cially by the use, initially, of drawing, writing and modeling.These cases illustrate the general rule that proper weighting must be given to psychosexual differentiation and the sense of gender identity before a decision for or against sex reassignment can be valid. A sex reassignment can be success fully undertaken if it resolves incongruity between gender identity and assigned sex, or if the gender identity is ambivalently noncommittal. Otherwise sex reassign ment is contraindicated.

Adolescent Identity and Self-Perception As Predictors of Scholastic Achievement

Abstract: The “Who Am I?” question purports to be a measure of identity development. This question was asked of 150 girls and 167 boys, all of whom were rural Wisconsin high-school seniors. This and additional non-intellectual variables relating to self-concept of ability and self-expectations were used with a measure of mental ability to predict scholastic achievement. All were positively related to achievement and to each other. Girls’ self-expectations, however, was not a satisfactory predictor of achievement; nor was boys’ identity development. It was inferred that girls tended to be more realistic while boys were more idealistic in terms of self-expectations. Boys’ identity development was less mature and more diversified than girls’ identity development.

Canadian Society: Trends and Perspectives

Abstract: The purposes of this essay are twofold; first, to look at patterns and trends in the development of Canadian society through advanced industrialization toward what has been called the post-industrial stage; and second, to examine the implications of these trends for the growth of sociology in Canada, and for the emergence of a distinctive Canadian identity. The choice of the movement into and through advanced stages of industrialization as a starting point does not imply an assumption of economic determinism on our part; it reflects the empirical fact that in modern societies, if not in all societies, the economic domain is basic.1

The evolution of gender identity.

Abstract: 1. Core gender identity is established by the age of three. 2. Other maturational levels of development follow until post-adolescent, mature gender identity is attained. 3. Disturbance in the earliest periods of development result in ambiguous gender identities that compose the group of transsexuals, transvestites, and homosexuals. 4. Mature gender identity infers a capacity for a heterosexual relationship with care and tenderness. 5. Gender identity is one aspect of personal identity. 6. The most urgent and constant need of the individual is to maintain a sense of identity in order to deal with reality effectively.

The illusions and ganz's theory of contour displacements

Abstract: Ganz's theory of contour displacements is summarized, and it is pointed out that its success or failure in explaining the illusions depends upon establishing the identity of the illusions and figural after-effects. Evidence is quoted which casts doubt on Ganz's claims for such an identity. Moreover, it is shown that predictions from Ganz's theory about some common illusions do not correspond with observed phenomena.

Self Revisited: The Sense of Self-Identity:

Abstract: ONE of the concepts which has had a long history in psychology is that of self. Statements about the meaning of self are found in the early writings of James (1918), Calkins (1915) and Mead (1934), and in the more current publications of Rogers (1961), Maslow (1962) and May (1967). In the interim between these sets of psychological expositions about self, there has been a complex and varied history of the speculative treatments of the notion of self. The purpose of this paper is not to present an historical review of these ideas. Rather, the objectives of this discussion are: 1) to state the presuppositions of self-theory explicitly, 2) to present a theoretical definition of self (here equated with a sense of selfidentity) which can serve as a basis for an operational definition of self, and, 3) to suggest how these definitions can be used to study the development of a sense of self-identity in children. Many theorists (among them Allport, 1955; Lecky, 1951; Rogers, 1951; Sherif and Cantril, 1947; Snygg and Combs, 1949) have offered theoretical sketches of how a sense of self develops, but research evidence which bears directly on the question is almost completely lacking. There have been attempts (e.g., Goodenough, 1938 and Ames, 1952) to employ the child's use of the personal pronouns I, me and mine as an indicator of his emerging sense of self-awareness. However, many criticisms can be and have been levied against this technique, e.g., see Wylie (1961) who presents a review and critique of the research literature dealing with selfconcept. Therefore, prescinding from the issue of empirical evidence, it can be noted that self-theorists agree generally that self is a developmental phenomenon, that self emerges or evolves out of the individual's life experiences. Further, a sense of self is thought to have clearly emerged in the awareness of the child by the age of two or two and one-half years due to experiences of security and frustration, as a result of sensory-motor and perceptual experiences, and particularly as a function of the child's interaction with others and his development of language skills. The sense of self achieved is apparently twofold-the child is now able to perceive himself as an object (i.e., he forms a self-concept, a conception of what he is and does) and he is able to perceive himself as the subject of experience (i.e., he is aware of his self; he senses his own self-identity). Much has been done in theory and research with both speculative and operational definitions of self-concept. It has been argued (e.g., FarnhamDiggory, 1966) that \"self-as-being\" cannot be the direct object of psychological study and consequently \"self-as-doing\" (or self-concept) should be the focus of investigation. In brief, the position seems to be that psychology does not have a means of operationally defining self

Perception of self in borderline states.

Abstract: The borderline state may be better described in terms of defective ego functioning than as a clearly delineated symptom cluster. The concepts of "ego boundary" and "sense of identity" are used here to emphasize one area of defective ego functioning—pathology in the perception of self—and to demonstrate its importance in behavioral patterns associated with the borderline state. Therapy should be focused upon clarification of the patient's distortions in self-perception by strengthening his sense of separateness, individuality, and historical continuity and by helping him to form a clearer picture of the meaningful people in his life.

The Russian Faction in North Korea

Abstract: Among the leadership elements in the North Korean Communist regime during its first turbulent decade were certain Koreans from the Soviet Union known together as the Russian or Soviet faction Until it was purged around 1956, this faction played an important part in North Korean politics, being one of the four leading groups in North Korea' and having the direct and indirect support of the Soviet Union The identity, backgrounds, roles and fates of the individuals in the Russian faction, however, have heretofore been unknown2 Such information, presented below, should substantially enhance our understanding of the character of the present regime