Showing papers on "Identity (social science) published in 1982"

The Self-Concept

Abstract: The self-concept is undergoing something of a renaissance in contemporary social psychology. It has, of course, been a central concept within symbolic interactionism since the seminal writings of Mead ( 1934), Cooley (1902), and James ( 1890). However, even within this sociological tradition there has been a revitalization of interest in the self-concept: with developments in role theory (Turner 1978; Gordon 1976), with the increasing focus on the concept of identity (McCall & Simmons 1978; Stryker 1980; Gordon 1968; Guiot 1977; Burke 1980), with the reemergence of interest in social structure and person­ ality (House 198 1 ; Turner 1976; Kohn 1969, 198 1 ; Rosenberg 1979), and with the reconceptualization of small group experimental situations (Alexander and colleagues 197 1 , 1 98 1 ; Webster & Sobieszek 1974). The reemergence of the self-concept is even more dramatic within psycho­ logical social psychology. Much of this revitalization of interest in self­ phenomena (e.g. self-awareness, self-esteem, self-image, self-evaluation) is due to the "cognitive revolution" in psychology (Dember 1974; Manis 1977), generally at the expense of behaviorism. As a result, the self-concept has become conspicuous in areas and traditions that were previously considered alien terrain: within behaviorism via Bern's ( 1972) theory of self-attribution; within social learning theory via Bandura's ( 1977) focus on self-efficacy; and within cognitive dissonance theory via Aronson's ( 1968) and Bramel's ( 1968) reformulations. It is also increasingly evident in theories of attitude and value formation and change (Rokeach 1973, 1979), in attribution theory (Epstein. 1973; Bowerman 1978), and in various other recent theories of cognitive

Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art

Abstract: PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction by Leon S. Roudiez1. The Ethics of Linguistics2. The Bounded Text3. Word, Dialogue, and Novel4. How Does One Speak to Literature?5. From One Identity to an Other6. The Father, Love, and Banishment7. The Novel as Polylogue8. Giotto's Joy9. Motherhood According to Giovanni Bellini10. Place NamesIndex

Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art

Abstract: PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction by Leon S. Roudiez1. The Ethics of Linguistics2. The Bounded Text3. Word, Dialogue, and Novel4. How Does One Speak to Literature?5. From One Identity to an Other6. The Father, Love, and Banishment7. The Novel as Polylogue8. Giotto's Joy9. Motherhood According to Giovanni Bellini10. Place NamesIndex

Identity Development From Adolescence to Adulthood: An Extension of Theory and a Review of Research

Abstract: Those aspects of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development concerning the formation of a sense of personal identity are examined in light of research evidence. When the Stage 5 component is considered as a bipolar dimension, the expectation is that the transition from adolescence to adulthood involves a progressive strengthening in the sense of identity. When the identity construct is expanded to include the processes by which an identity is formed, it is hypothesized that over time there will be progressive developmental shifts in identity status, that is, from the identity diffusion status into either the foreclosure or moratorium status, from the foreclosure into the moratorium status, and from the moratorium into the identity achievement status. The circumstances associated with progressive shifts, regressive changes, and reentry into an identity crisis are discussed. The review of the literature focuses on questions of the direction and timing of identity development, sex differences in development, and the identification of antecedent conditions relating to the choice of developmental pathways.

Developmental Stages of the Coming-Out Process:

Abstract: Five developmental stages which describe the patterns seen in individuals with predominantly same-sex sexual orientation are described in the paper The stages are: pre-coming out, coming out, exploration, first relationship, and identity integration

Identity and Territory: Geographical Perspectives on Nationalism and Regionalism

Abstract: Group politico-territorial identities are potent realities in our fragile world, yet geographers have all but ignored them Elements and processes involved in recognizing such territorially bound identities are discussed, with a stress on questions of scale and perception The “legitimacy” of a group politico-territorial identity depends upon the scale of abstraction and upon the definer's perspective The main problem lies in defining nation At one level of abstraction, a nation is only a regionalism, yet many groups accept the concept of nation as fact To appreciate the interplay between these points, several related concepts are also discussed Some problems connected with group allegiances and orientations are identified The paper concludes by briefly identifying different responses to the question of whether groups with distinct territorially based identities should have the right to separate territorial and political independence and by challenging geographers to become aware of such ide

An extension of Marcia's Identity Status Interview into the interpersonal domain.

Abstract: This article describes an extension of Marcia's (1966) Identity Status Interview into three interpersonal domains: friendships, dating, and sex roles The Identity Status Interview method is assessed favorably in terms of identity theory, justification for the three new sections is provided on the basis of theory and research on sex differences in adolescent identity, and methodological refinements in the interview are described A study is reported in which the extended interview was administered to 41 male and 40 female high school juniors and seniors Average percentage of exact agreement for ratings of exploration, commitment, and identity status was over 70% when two coders were used and over 94% when the ratings of two out of three coders were used It is concluded that this extended interview is psychometrically sound and provides a method for assessing interpersonal issues salient to contemporary adolescents

Individual differences in the coming out process for gay men: implications for theoretical models.

Abstract: One hundred ninety-nine self-defined homosexual males were asked about the ages at which milestone events occurred in the coming out process (i.e., initial awareness of same-sex attractions, same-sex acts, self-designation as homosexual, initial involvement in a long-term relationship, self-disclosures to significant others, and acquiring a positive gay identity). Overall findings indicated that an orderly developmental sequence underlies the coming out process; however, not all subjects progressed in a predictable fashion from an awareness of same-sex feelings through behavior to eventual self-labelling, self-disclosure, and final stabilization of a positive gay identity. A number of individual differences emerged: 18% of the sample labelled themselves "homosexual" in the absence of any overt same-sex sexual experience; 22% arrived at homosexual self-definitions while participating in a long-term relationship with another man; 23% adopted homosexual self-definitions only after involvement in such a relationship. Fifteen percent of the respondents indicated that they had not acquired a positive gay identity (i.e., were not glad to be gay). These individuals differed from the remainder of the sample on a number of significant measures reflective of psychological health. Significant differences were also found among three cohort groups with respect to age at occurrence of particular milestone events. Findings from the present investigation were explored in relation to both the theoretical conceptions and available empirical data concerned with homosexual identity formation.

The lower age boundaries of identity development.

Abstract: ARCHER, SALLY L. The Lower Age Boundaries of Identity Development. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 1551-1556. Early and mid-adolescent males and females in the sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth grades were interviewed to document the lower age boundaries of ego identity development in the content areas of vocational choice, religious beliefs, political philosophies, and sex-role preferences. Frequency of the identity achievement status increased significantly with increase in grade level. The diffusion and foreclosure statuses were most evident at all grade levels. Frequency of identity status differed by content area with the majority of instances of identity achievement in the vocational choice and religious beliefs content areas, moratorium in vocational choice, foreclosure in sex-role preferences, and identity diffusion in political philosophies. Similar patterns of development were found for both sexes.

One South: An Ethnic Approach to Regional Culture

Abstract: If it can be said that there are many Souths, wrote W. J. Cash in The Mind of the South, ""the fact remains that there is also one South."" In the informal, engaging essays brought together in One South, John Shelton Reed focuses on the South's strong regional identity and on the persistence, well into the last decades if the twentieth century, of Southern cultural distinctiveness. Reed argues that Southerners are similar in much the same way that members if an ethnic group are similar. He discusses the South's shared cultural values, ranging from serious examinations of Southern violence and regional identity to considerations of Southern humor, country music, and the emergence of a new Southern middle class, epitomized by the family of former president Jimmy Carter. Reed opens his volume with three essays dealing with the discipline of sociology and its relation to the South. The first essay proposes ways that sociology can contribute to the mainstream of regional studies; the second traces the history of sociological attention to the South in our century; and the this suggests that the sociological way of thinking may be somewhat alien to well-bred Southerners. In the next section, Reed looks at the question of group identity, arguing in one essay, ""The Heart of Dixie,"" that the South is best defined by locating Southerners, rather than by isolating a particular geographic region. Reed then turns his attention to minority and fringe groups within the South, including, in ""Shalom, Y'All,"" Southern Jews. A final section looks at some of the particular advantages and disadvantages of life in the New South today. Reed's explorations into the region's culture reveal that Southerners are identifiable as a group less by obvious background characteristics, education, occupation, rural or urban residence, than by shared attitudes toward family and community, religious beliefs and practices, and violence and the private use of force: the kind of things that customarily identify ethnic groups. In this way, One South demonstrates how history and the heritage of Southernness have for now triumphed over the disintegrating forces of geography and economics.

Role Playing and Identity: The Limits of Theatre as Metaphor

Abstract: Acknowledgments Prologue Part One: Theatre and the Reality of Appearance I. What Is Theatre? II. What Is Phenomenology? III. Theory of Enactment IV. Theory of Appearance V. Variations On The Theatrical Theme of Standing In and Authorization 1. The "World" of Oedipus Rex and the World of Its Theatre 2. The "World" of Hamlet and the World of Its Theatre 3. The "World" of Waiting for Godot and the World of Its Theatre 4. Summary of the Variations and the Nature of a Text VI. Theatre as Metraphor and Play As Disclosure VII. Second Set of Variations on the Theatrical Theme of Standing In and Authorization 1. Eugene Ionesco and the Potentiality of Being-with-Others in "Roles"-Fallenness 2. Robert Wilson and the Potentiality of Projection of Possibility-Understanding 3. Jerzy Grotowski and the Potentiality of Attunement to the World-Mood VIII. Theatre and the Question of the Truth of Art Part Two: Reality and the Self IX. Space, Time, and Identity of Self X. Self as Body-Self XI. Body-Self and Others: Cognition, Expression, Mimetic Response, and Transformation XII. Body-Self, Other Body-Selves, and Self-Deception XIV. Identity and Theatre-Like Disengagement From Engulfment XV. Existence and Art: Self as Memorializaing Structure of Possibilities XVI. Summary and Prospects: Identity of Self Part Three: The Limits of Appearance and the Limits of Theatrical Metaphor XVII. Theatre as Metaphor XVIII. The Truth of Art and the Limits of Theatre as Metaphor XIX. The Limits of Theatrical Metaphors 1. The "Art of Life" 2. Erving Goffman's "Role Theory" XX. The Limits of Appearance Index

Self-Esteem and Racial Identity in Transracial and Inracial Adoptees.

Abstract: Transracial adoption-, adoption of underlying this practice are: Can a children of one racial background by family from one racial background help families of another racial background, a child from a different racial back has become increasingly controversial ground develop positive self-esteem during the past decade.1 Day estimated and an appropriate racial identity? How in 1979 that over fifteen thousand black do transracial adoptees perceive them children had been placed with white selves? In what ways do the self adoptive families.2 Major questions esteem and racial identity of black chil ~~ ~~ ~~ rll dren raised in white families differ from Ruth G. McRoy, Ph.D., is Assistant that of b,ack chjldren rajsed m b]ack Professor, Louis A. Zurcher, Ph.D., is c ... „ , . , , , , , , Professor, and Michael L.Lauderdale, famlhes Is other the black or the Ph.D., is Associate Professor, School wh,te adoPt,ve settin8 better than the of Social Work, The University of other in this regard? Texas at Austin. Rosalie N. Anderson, Symbolic interaction theory postu M.Ed., is Project Director, Resource lates that a person's self-concept, in Center on Child Abuse and Adoption, eluding self-esteem, arises out of the School of Social Work, The University social experience of interaction with of Texas at Austin. The research on other people. Major influences on the which this article is based was sup development of self-concept include (1) ported by the Children's Bureau Grant ... ,. c . Number 90-CO-1979 to the Region VI communication directly from other Adoption Resource Center at The UniP60^ about the self' ® comparison of versity of Texas at Austin, by the Danself with others in the immediate forth Foundation, and by Black environment, and (3) the role assigned Analysis, Inc. to the individual by the community.3 The social situation of children in both transracial and inracial adoptive set tings is obviously complex. (The term "inracial" refers to situations in which

Sex differences in styles of occupational identity formation in late adolescence.

Abstract: In order to examine sex differences in the development of occupational identity, 41 male and 42 female high school juniors and seniors were administered an interview assessing identity status and questionnaires measuring vocational identity, social desirability, masculinity/femininity, and achievement motivation. On two identity measures, males and females had progressed equal distances toward the achievement of an occupational identity. However, for young men and women the identity measures were related differently to masculinity/f emininity and achievement motivation. For young men, vocational identity was positively related to masculinity and orientations toward mastery and lack of concern about the negative evaluations of others. On the identity interview, occupational exploration was related to femininity, and occupational commitment was related to masculinity and mastery. For young women, vocational identity was positively related to masculinity and an orientation toward hard work; vocational identity was negatively related to competitivene ss. Developmentally, over 40% of the subjects were identity achievers, exhibiting high levels of occupational exploration and commitment. Identity formation in the late high school years is discussed in terms of a relative equilibrium before the transition marked by leaving home.

A developmental line of gender identity, gender role, and choice of love object.

Abstract: A schematic overview of the development of male and female gender identity has been presented with an attempt to formulate a developmental line. The steps include: (Table: see text) In discussion of these steps an effort was made to distinguish between core morphological or core gender identity--that is, the primary sense of being male or female, to which other aspects of gender identity are added over the course of development to eventually include a "mix" of masculinity and femininity; gender role identity, which includes the conscious and unconscious mental representations of dialogues with other people vis-a-vis one's gender identity as well as identification with role models; and the separate process of choosing a sexual partner orientation. These separate strands join together and intermingle to make up what we view globally as "gender identity."

Ethnicity and Chicanos: Measurement of Ethnic Identification, Identity, and Consciousness

Abstract: The conceptualization of ethnicity among Mexican-origin populations was explored within a multidimensional perspective. Specifically, the psychological aspects of ethnicity-ethnic consciousness, identification, and identity-were defined and operationalized. In addition, measures of political consciousness were developed to examine their relationships with these measures of ethnicity. Utilizing the pretest data from the National Chicano Survey of Mexicans in Detroit, levels of ethnicity were measured. Each measure proved to tap some aspects of ethnicity, yet reflect their varying levels of pervasiveness among the respondents. The interrelationships of these measures were not always positively correlated, suggesting a non-unidimensional view of ethnicity. Also, only selected measures of ethnicity had positive linkages to critical levels of political consciousness. Efforts to politically mobilize Chicanos who depend on cultural cues is a more complex process than expected. Research ramifications and directio...

Two types of cross-gender identity

Abstract: A revision of the typology of male cross-gender identity was carried out by means of formalized, easily replicable methods. The results suggest (1) that there are two discrete types of cross-gender identity, one heterosexual, the other homosexual; (2) that transvestism, and closely related conditions of cross-gender identity, occur exclusively or almost exclusively in heterosexuals; (3) that of the two types of transsexualism distinguished in this study, type A is, in heterosexuals, very rare or completely nonexistent; (4) that (in the course of time) transvestites or borderline transsexuals (defined below) may develop sustained cross-gender identity, as observed by Stoller (1971); (5) that although, according to Hoenig and Kenna (1974), transsexualism by itself is not an anomalous erotic preference, it is (virtually) always either preceded by transvestism or accompanied by homosexuality or cross-gender fetishism.

Gender Differences in Adolescent Interpersonal Identity Formation

Abstract: Gender differences in adolescent interpersonal identity formation were investigated in 41 male and 42 female high school juniors and seniors. Subjects were interviewed and assessed on progress toward interpersonal identity achievement in friendship and dating relationships. Differential patterns of correlation for each sex were examined for measures of vocational identity, psychological masculinity and femininity, and achievement motivation. Results indicated that young women were significantly more identity achieved than men in the friendship domain; no differences emerged in the dating domain. The processes of interpersonal and vocational identity formation appeared to be more interrelated for females than males. For both young men and women, expressive attributes of psychological femininity were positively related to interpersonal identity exploration. Different gender achievement orientations were revealed by positive correlations between several interpersonal identity ratings and mastery for males and lack of correlation between interpersonal identity and mastery for females. In addition, commitment to a conception regarding friendships was positively correlated with competitiveness for males and negatively correlated with competitiveness for females. Results are discussed in terms of Gilligan's (1982) theoretical work, which contrasts achievement of identity through separateness and autonomy with achievement of identity through connectedness and relationships.

Easter and Passover: On Calendars and Group Identity

Abstract: Based on a case study of the calendrical dissociation of Easter from Passover, this paper examines the way in which social groups use calendrical means to express their distinctiveness vis-a-vis other groups. It explores the early Paschal controversies within the context of the Church's attempts to establish its own unique identity as distinct from the Synagogue, claiming that the temporal segregation of Easter from its Jewish precursor was part of a general effort to emancipate the ecclesiastical calendar from the Jewish calendar and, thus, actually to promote the social segregation of Christians from Jews. The paper demonstrates that, as a symbolic system that is commonly shared by a group of people and is unique to them, the calendar accentuates the similitude among group members-thus solidifying their in-group sentiments-while, at the same time, contributing to the establishment of intergroup boundaries that distinguish, as well as separate, group members from "outsiders."

Identity and Essence

Abstract: Baruch Brody contends that the fundamental assumption on which the tradition is based is erroneous and that once this assumption is shown to be in error, all philosophical problems in this area have to be rethought. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Nurse's Quest for a Professional Identity

Abstract: The best ebooks about The Nurses Quest For A Professional Identity that you can get for free here by download this The Nurses Quest For A Professional Identity and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as professional identity in community mental health nursing from vocation to profession: the quest for nursing entrepreneurship: a literature review (phase 1) 7 summits a nurses quest to conquer mountaineering and life heartthrobs without fear slangbaseball initiating the process of professional identity formation no nurse left behind: synthesizing research evidence into pocketradiologist cardiac top 100 diagnoses ebook document about hinkle 2e handbook stedmans 7e dictionary pharmacotherapy principles and practice study guide fourth defining the intangible skillset of advanced practice understanding single mom landscapingideas the lifespan of nursing education in cambodia integrating the core professional values of nursing: a professionalism and the evolution of nursing as a pathways for positive identity construction at work: four

The Cycle of Development

Abstract: Human growth is a cycle of development composed of stages which begin in childhood and repeat throughout life. The stages, being, doing, thinking, developing identity, being skillful, regeneration,...

Autobiographical Occasions and Original Acts: Versions of American Identity from Henry Adams to Nate Shaw

Abstract: Gives an anaylsis of the social themes and cultural perspectives of modern American autobiographies. "An excellent reference for students of autobiography, an essential text for students of American autobiography, and the central critical work for students of modern American autobiography."--James Olney "Stone displays a breadth of scholarship that is impressive. There are scores of allusions to lives other than the ones under discussion, and there are frequent references . . . which make this a truly interdisciplinary study and for which Stone should be strongly commended."--Literature and History

Personality structure and identity status in women as viewed through early memories.

Abstract: Early memories were obtained from women in the four identity status categories and rated for developmental level in an effort to assess deeper aspects of personality development that underlie identity formation. In contrast to some previous research which has found similarities between Achievement and Foreclosure women and between Moratorium and Diffusion women, this study found that Moratorium women show greater ego development in contrast to the Foreclosures. Achievement women were found to blend aspects of both Foreclosure and Moratorium patterns, suggesting that their approach to identity formation may be through a form of rapprochement.

When Exceptions Define the Rules: Greek Baptismal Names and the Negotiation of Identity

Abstract: Personal names reflect the tension between social and individual levels of identity; their conferral and subsequent use in address and reference are consequently invested with ideological significance for actors. Exceptions to norms of both conferral and use may be justified in the same ideological terms as are normative practices, so that apparently rigid, local-level norms seem to be elements of a larger, more flexible semiotic complex encompassing norms and exceptions alike. By way of illustration, Greek data reveal an ideology of commemorative naming as reciprocity. This ideology entails choices about whom to recognize as a benefactor, and thereby shows how the existence of a set of rules for the selection of namesakes actually allows the strategic and selective expression of social alignments. In such a system, naming practices allow people to adjust genealogical history and other kinds of formal relationships to current social experience.

Festivals, Change, and Unity: The Celebration of Ethnic Identity among Louisiana Cajuns

Abstract: This paper is an examination of the integrative effects of a major festival complex in south Louisiana. The Cajuns, who stage these events, are a diverse, heterogeneous group that has recently been subject to tremendous acculturation pressures. The group is composed of conflicting subgroups which share a concern for ethnic identity but which disagree on the nature and appropriate expression of that identity. The festivals, largely a product of recent decades, echo the shifting priorities and internal conflicts of the group. At the same time, they provide opportunities for ritualized celebration of unity, of the common heritage shared by all members. At a time when there are few other means for Cajuns to affirm their culture, identity, and unity, the festivals provide a way for them to do so.