Showing papers on "Identity (social science) published in 1993"
TL;DR: In this paper, the self: ontological security and existential anxiety are discussed, as well as the trajectory of the self, risk, and security in high modernity, and the emergence of life politics.
Abstract: Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The contours of high modernity 2. The self: ontological security and existential anxiety 3. The trajectory of the self 4. Fate, risk, and security 5. The sequestration of experience 6. Tribulations of the self 7. The emergence of life politics Notes Glossary of concepts Index.
12,710 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors trace the origins of whiteness as property in the parallel systems of domination of Black and Native American peoples out of which were created racially contingent forms of property and property rights.
Abstract: Issues regarding race and racial identity as well as questions pertaining to property rights and ownership have been prominent in much public discourse in the United States. In this article, Professor Harris contributes to this discussion by positing that racial identity and property are deeply interrelated concepts. Professor Harris examines how whiteness, initially constructed as a form of racial identity, evolved into a form of property, historically and presently acknowledged and protected in American law. Professor Harris traces the origins of whiteness as property in the parallel systems of domination of Black and Native American peoples out of which were created racially contingent forms of property and property rights. Following the period of slavery and conquest, whiteness became the basis of racialized privilege - a type of status in which white racial identity provided the basis for allocating societal benefits both private and public in character. These arrangements were ratified and legitimated in law as a type of status property. Even as legal segregation was overturned, whiteness as property continued to serve as a barrier to effective change as the system of racial classification operated to protect entrenched power. Next, Professor Harris examines how the concept of whiteness as property persists in current perceptions of racial identity, in the law's misperception of group identity and in the Court's reasoning and decisions in the arena of affirmative action. Professor Harris concludes by arguing that distortions in affirmative action doctrine can only be addressed by confronting and exposing the property interest in whiteness and by acknowledging the distributive justification and function of affirmative action as central to that task.
2,691 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that emotional labor may facilitate task effectiveness and self-expression, but it also may prime customer expectations that cannot be met and may trigger emotive dissonance and selfalienation.
Abstract: Emotional labor is the display of expected emotions by service agents during service encounters. It is performed through surface acting, deep acting, or the expression of genuine emotion. Emotional labor may facilitate task effectiveness and self-expression, but it also may prime customer expectations that cannot be met and may trigger emotive dissonance and self-alienation. However, following social identity theory, we argue that some effects of emotional labor are moderated by one's social and personal identities and that emotional labor stimulates pressures for the person to identify with the service role. Research implications for the micro, meso, and macro levels of organizations are discussed.
2,667 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a genealogies of the concept of ritual in medieval Christian monasticism is discussed. But the focus is on the construction of religion as an anthropological category toward a genealogy of the concepts of ritual.
Abstract: Part 1 Genealogies: the construction of religion as an anthropological category toward a genealogy of the concept of ritual. Part 2 Archaisms: pain and truth in medieval Christian ritual on discipline and humility in medieval Christian monasticism. Part 3 Translations: the concept of cultural translation in British social anthropology the limits of religious criticism in the Middle East. Part 4 Polemics: multiculturalism and British identity in the wake of the Rushdie affair ethnography, literature and politics - some readings and uses of Salmon Rushdie's "Satanic Verses".
2,179 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a middle-range theory of culture, self-identity and work behaviour is developed and applied to the development and application of a self-representative theory, where cultural and situational characteristics, cognitive representation of the self and managerial practices and techniques used in an organization are discussed.
Abstract: The focus of this book is the development and application of a middle-range theory of culture, self-identity and work behaviour. According to the authors' self-representative theory, three components are relevant to an individual's work behaviour: cultural and situational characteristics, cognitive representation of the self, and managerial practices and techniques used in an organization. Culture is viewed as a shared knowledge structure that results in decreased variability in individual interpretation of stimuli. The self is viewed as a dynamic interpretive structure that shapes an individual's interpretation of social milieu. Managerial practices influence work behaviour, and in this book the focus is on how these practices relate to the components of culture and the self. A final chapter provides a number of specific recommendations for how organizations might consider structuring their environment and managerial practices in order to match culture-self interaction.
1,059 citations
TL;DR: White as mentioned in this paper argues that the widely held notions of "person" and "goal" grounded in traditional political economy do not provide a basis for social theory that is either coherent or consistent with current developments in psychology and anthropology.
Abstract: In proposing a comprehensive network theory that cuts across the range of social sciences, Harrison White rejects conventional hierarchical models and focuses instead on efforts of control in a social structure described as a tangle of locked-in practices. He argues that the widely held conceptions of "person" and "goal" grounded in traditional political economy do not provide a basis for social theory that is either coherent or consistent with current developments in psychology and anthropology. White replaces "person" with "identity", which, in a distinctively human sense, emerges from frictions and social noise across different levels and disciplines in networks. Likewise, he reshapes the notion of "goals", maintaining that they merely inhabit sets of stories used to explain agency and that action itself comes through selective strategies to break through formal organization. As his main empirical basis, White uses case studies covering a wide range of topics, including tribal religions, changing rhetorics of industrial administration and the premodern Church, practices of state-building and changes of style in popular music. His analyses draw from English social anthropology, n
815 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that people use products to enact one of their social identities and that products relate only indirectly to the overall or global self, and that the frequency with which activities are performed depends on the salience of the identity they represent and that such salience, in turn, depends on several enabling factors.
713 citations
TL;DR: The concept of place identity has been the subject of a number of empirical studies in a variety of disciplines, but there have been relatively few attempts to integrate this literature into a more general theory of identity and environment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The concept of place identity has been the subject of a number of empirical studies in a variety of disciplines, but there have been relatively few attempts to integrate this literature into a more general theory of identity and environment. Such endeavors have been limited by a lack of studies that simultaneously examine identification with places of different scale. This article addresses this critical omission by analyzing how residents of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, develop a sense of home with respect to dwelling, community, and region. Our results suggest that different social and environmental factors discriminate identification across place loci: specifically, that demographic qualities of residents and interpretive residential affiliations are critical to dwelling identity; that social participation in the local community is essential for community identity; and that patterns of intercommunity spatial activity promote a regional identity. Such understandings, we propose, are important to constructin...
682 citations
Book•
09 Sep 1993
TL;DR: The authors collects together perspectives which challenge received notions of geography; which are in danger of becoming anachronisms, without a language to articulate the new space of resistance, the new politics of identity.
Abstract: In the last two decades, new political subjects have been created through the actions of the new social movements; often by asserting the unfixed and `overdetermined' character of identity. Further, in attempting to avoid essentialism, people have frequently looked to their territorial roots to establish their constituency. A cultural politics of resistance, as exemplified by Black politics, feminism, and gay liberation, has developed struggles to turn sites of oppression and discrimintion into spaces of resistance.
This book collects together perspectives which challenge received notions of geography; which are in danger of becoming anachronisms, without a language to articulate the new space of resistance, the new politics of identity.
660 citations
Book•
20 Aug 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present comprehensive, up-to-date reviews of existing research on ego identity, in order to furnish a series of manuals for use by researchers employing the ego identity interview, to reflect on the history of identity research and to provide an agenda for future investigations.
Abstract: This work presents comprehensive, up-to-date reviews of existing research on ego identity, in order to furnish a series of manuals for use by researchers employing the ego identity interview, to reflect on the history of identity research and to provide an agenda for future investigations. Ego identity formation is examined from adolescence to adulthood, including a study on gender differences. The book is for researchers of ego identity and intimacy as well as for the clinical psychologist and the psychiatrist.
644 citations
Book•
01 Jul 1993
TL;DR: Guillory as discussed by the authors argues that the history of canon formation can be understood as a question of representing social groups in the canon rather than distributing cultural capital in the schools, which regulate access to literacy, the practices of reading and writing.
Abstract: In Cultural Capital, John Guillory challenges the most fundamental premises of the canon debate by resituating the problem of canon formation in an entirely new theoretical framework. The result is a book that promises to recast not only the debate about the literary curriculum but also the controversy over "multiculturalism" and the current "crisis of the humanities." Guillory argues that canon formation must be understood less as a question of representing social groups in the canon than of distributing "cultural capital" in the schools, which regulate access to literacy, the practices of reading and writing. He declines to reduce the history of canon formation to one of individual reputations or the ideological contents of particular works, arguing that a critique of the canon fixated on the concept of authorial identity overlooks historical transformations in the forms of cultural capital that have underwritten judgments of individual authors. The most important of these transformations is the emergence of "literature" in the later eighteenth century as the name of the cultural capital of the bourgeoisie. In three case studies, Guillory charts the rise and decline of the category of "literature" as the organizing principle of canon formation in the modern period. He considers the institutionalization of the English vernacular canon in eighteenth-century primary schools; the polemic on behalf of a New Critical modernist canon in the university; and the appearance of a "canon of theory" supplementing the literary curriculum in the graduate schools and marking the onset of a terminal crisis of literature as the dominant form of cultural capital in the schools. The final chapter ofCultural Capital examines recent theories of value judgment, which have strongly reaffirmed cultural relativism as the necessary implication of canon critique. Contrasting the relativist position with Pierre Bourdieu's very different sociology of judgment, Guillory concludes that the
01 May 1993
Book•
01 Jul 1993
TL;DR: The authors argue that threats to ethno-national identity are replacing military concerns as the central focus of European insecurity and the interplay of these societal insecurities in West and East will determine both the political shape and stability of Europe for the next generation as well as the future of Europes relations with its Islamic periphery.
Abstract: This book argues that threats to ethno-national identity are replacing military concerns as the central focus of European insecurity. In Western Europe societal insecurity has replaced state sovereignty as the key to success or failure of European integration pushing concerns about identity and migration to the top of the political agenda and profoundly dividing peoples from their leaderships. In the East national identity has become the mainspring of post-Soviet political reorganisation raising a host of boundary and minority problems. The interplay of these societal insecurities in West and East will determine both the political shape and stability of Europe for the next generation as well as the future of Europes relations with its Islamic periphery. (EXCERPT)
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: A Narrative Introduction - Ruthellen Josselson The Story of Life - Guy A M Widdershoven Hermeneutic Perspectives on the Relation Between Narrative and Life History The Incomprehensible Catastrophe - Amos Funkenstein Memory and Narrative A Moment's Monument - Wendy J Wiener and George C Rosenwald The Psychology of Keeping a Diary Reconstruction of Life Stories - Gabriele Rosenthal Principles of Selection in Generating Stories for Narrative Biographical Interviews Looking at Change - Amia Lieblich Natasha, 21 New Immigrant From Russia to
Abstract: A Narrative Introduction - Ruthellen Josselson The Story of Life - Guy A M Widdershoven Hermeneutic Perspectives on the Relation Between Narrative and Life History The Incomprehensible Catastrophe - Amos Funkenstein Memory and Narrative A Moment's Monument - Wendy J Wiener and George C Rosenwald The Psychology of Keeping a Diary Reconstruction of Life Stories - Gabriele Rosenthal Principles of Selection in Generating Stories for Narrative Biographical Interviews Looking at Change - Amia Lieblich Natasha, 21 New Immigrant From Russia to Israel Identity and Context - Jane Kroger How the Identity Statuses Choose Their Match Altered Views - Terri Apter Father's Closeness to Teenage Daughters Narratives of the Gendered Body in Popular Autobiography - Mary M Gergen and Kenneth J Gergen
Book•
01 Sep 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse the nature of the prejudice we experience and to articulate the growing strength of our pride in ourselves, which has been a source of much anger at the prejudice and discrimination that disabled people face.
Abstract: Disabled people throughout the world are increasingly naming and confronting the prejudice
which we daily experience, expressing our anger at the discrimination we face, and insisting
that our lives have value. This book has grown out of the struggles through which, over the last
decade or so, disabled people, and particularly disabled women, have asserted our reality. It is
an attempt to analyse the nature of the prejudice we experience and to articulate the growing
strength of our pride in ourselves.
It has also been within the last decade that I myself developed an identity as a disabled woman,
an identity which has been a source of much anger at the prejudice and discrimination that I and
other disabled people face. But it is also an identity which has been an increasing source of
strength and liberation.
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The formation of an ego identity is a major event in the development of personality as discussed by the authors, and identity formation involves a synthesis of childhood skills, beliefs, and identifications into a more or less coherent, unique whole that provides the young adult with both a sense of continuity with the past and a direction for the future.
Abstract: The formation of an ego identity is a major event in the development of personality. Occurring during late adolescence, the consolidation of identity marks the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood. Identity formation involves a synthesis of childhood skills, beliefs, and identifications into a more or less coherent, unique whole that provides the young adult with both a sense of continuity with the past and a direction for the future.1 As an inner organization, identity may be compared with those psychological structures posited by cognitive developmental theorists, notably Piaget (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958). Identity differs from Piagetian structures, however, in that it is content- as well as process-based. Whereas Piagetian structures are primarily procedures for operating on experience, identity comprises both procedural styles and elements of content. More simply, identity, as a structure, refers to how experience is handled as well as to what experiences are considered important.
TL;DR: In this article, the structure and interrelationships among multiple identities, the several functions that identities serve, the importance of context to the development and enactment of identities, and the need for longitudinal studies of identity change are discussed.
Abstract: As a concept with a tradition in both social and personality psychology, identity lends itself to a variety of interpretations. In the present analysis, identity refers to social categories in which an individual claims membership as well as the personal meaning associated with those categories. Four key issues for research are discussed: (a) the structure and interrelationships among multiple identities, (b) the several functions that identities serve, (c) the importance of context to the development and enactment of identities, and (d) the need for longitudinal studies of identity change.
TL;DR: Boyarin and Boyarin this article used the final chapter of Boyarin's forthcoming book, A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity, to support their claim that the Bible does not support the claims being made.
Abstract: Some of the material in this paper is taken from the final chapter of Daniel Boyarin's forthcoming book, A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity. Other material is from Jonathan Boyarin's "Der Yiddisher Tsenter; or What Is a Minyan?" and Jonathan Boyarin and Greg Sarris, "Jews and Native Americans as Living Voice and Absent Other," presented at the MLA convention, December 1991. We wish to thank Harry Berger, Jr., Stephen Greenblatt, and Steven Knapp, none of whom necessarily agrees (and one of whom necessarily disagrees) with the claims being made but all of whom made vitally significant interventions. All biblical translations are our own.
TL;DR: This article explored the notion of identity as an organizing principle in teachers' jobs and lives and suggested that identity can be seen as a kind of argument, a resource that people use to explain, justify and make sense of themselves in relation to others, and to the world at large.
Abstract: Biography and life history are currently enjoying a revival in educational research and development. This article considers the implications of adopting a ‘biographical attitude’ to research and policy issues, and explores the notion of identity as an organising principle in teachers’ jobs and lives. Identity, it is suggested, can be seen as a kind of argument—a resource that people use to explain, justify and make sense of themselves in relation to others, and to the world at large. While identity is a site of permanent struggle for everyone, teachers may be undergoing a particularly acute crisis of identity, as the old models and exemplars of teacherhood disintegrate under contemporary social and economic pressures. The article is based upon an empirical study of 69 primary and secondary teachers.
TL;DR: The authors argue that these narratives play a significant role in the formation of identity, that the way they are told is shaped by prevalent cultural norms, and that the stories may be liberated from the psychic and social obstacles constraining them if the narrators gain critical insight into their own accounts.
Abstract: In this provocative book, psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists analyze interviews with a range of subjects (a minister, Holocaust survivors, a rape victim, and others) to present a new way of thinking about autobiographical narratives. They argue that these narratives play a significant role in the formation of identity, that the way they are told is shaped by prevalent cultural norms, and that the stories may be liberated from the psychic and social obstacles constraining them if the narrators gain critical insight into their own accounts.
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: Anomalous States as mentioned in this paper explores modern Irish literature and its political contexts through the work of four Irish writers, including Heaney, Beckett, Yeats, and Joyce, and shows how in these authors the question of identity connects with the dominance of conservative cultural nationalism and argues for the need to understand Irish culture in relation to the wider experience of colonized societies.
Abstract: Anomalous States is an archeology of modern Irish writing. David Lloyd commences with recent questioning of Irish identity in the wake of the northern conflict and returns to the complex terrain of nineteenth-century culture in which those questions of identity were first formed. In five linked essays, he explores modern Irish literature and its political contexts through the work of four Irish writers--Heaney, Beckett, Yeats, and Joyce.Beginning with Heaney and Beckett, Lloyd shows how in these authors the question of identity connects with the dominance of conservative cultural nationalism and argues for the need to understand Irish culture in relation to the wider experience of colonized societies. A central essay reads Yeats's later works as a profound questioning of the founding of the state. Final essays examine the gradual formation of the state and nation as one element in a cultural process that involves conflict between popular cultural forms and emerging political economies of nationalism and the colonial state. Modern Ireland is thus seen as the product of a continuing process in which, Lloyd argues, the passage to national independence that defines Ireland's post-colonial status is no more than a moment in its continuing history.Anomalous States makes an important contribution to the growing body of work that connects cultural theory with post-colonial historiography, literary analysis, and issues in contemporary politics. It will interest a wide readership in literary studies, cultural studies, anthropology, and history.
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: Bukatman's "Terminal Identity" as discussed by the authors explores the nature of human identity in the Information Age, referring to both the site of the termination of the conventional "subject" and the birth of a new subjectivity constructed at the computer terminal or television screen.
Abstract: Scott Bukatman's Terminal Identity —referring to both the site of the termination of the conventional "subject" and the birth of a new subjectivity constructed at the computer terminal or television screen--puts to rest any lingering doubts of the significance of science fiction in contemporary cultural studies. Demonstrating a comprehensive knowledge, both of the history of science fiction narrative from its earliest origins, and of cultural theory and philosophy, Bukatman redefines the nature of human identity in the Information Age.
Drawing on a wide range of contemporary theories of the postmodern—including Fredric Jameson, Donna Haraway, and Jean Baudrillard—Bukatman begins with the proposition that Western culture is suffering a crisis brought on by advanced electronic technologies. Then in a series of chapters richly supported by analyses of literary texts, visual arts, film, video, television, comics, computer games, and graphics, Bukatman takes the reader on an odyssey that traces the postmodern subject from its current crisis, through its close encounters with technology, and finally to new self-recognition. This new "virtual subject," as Bukatman defines it, situates the human and the technological as coexistent, codependent, and mutally defining.
Synthesizing the most provocative theories of postmodern culture with a truly encyclopedic treatment of the relevant media, this volume sets a new standard in the study of science fiction—a category that itself may be redefined in light of this work. Bukatman not only offers the most detailed map to date of the intellectual terrain of postmodern technology studies—he arrives at new frontiers, providing a propitious launching point for further inquiries into the relationship of electronic technology and culture.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a research odyssey towards the development of a communication theory of identity, which they call Communication Monographs: Vol. 60, Into the New Century, pp. 76-82.
Abstract: (1993). 2002—a research odyssey: Toward the development of a communication theory of identity. Communication Monographs: Vol. 60, Into the New Century, pp. 76-82.
TL;DR: In this paper, sexual identity formation among lesbians and bisexuals was examined and it was shown that coming out is not a linear, goal-oriented, developmental process, but a process of describing one's social location within a changing social context.
Abstract: This article examines sexual identity formation among 346 lesbian-identified and 60 bisexual-identified women. On average, bisexuals come out at later ages and exhibit less “stable” identity histories. However, variations in identity history among lesbians and bisexuals overshadow the differences between them and demonstrate that coming out is not a linear, goal-oriented, developmental process. Sexual identity formation must be reconceptualized as a process of describing one's social location within a changing social context. Changes in sexual identity are, therefore, expected of mature individuals as they maintain an accurate description of their position vis-a-vis other individuals, groups, and institutions.
TL;DR: Modernity and Identity as discussed by the authors is a collective work which announces a radical new departure within contemporary debates on modernism and postmodernism, which counterposes Baudelaireto Rousseau, and loyalist ethics to abstract blueprints for socialand political reorganization.
Abstract: Modernity and Identity is a groundbreaking collective work whichannounces a radical new departure within contemporary debates onmodernism and postmodernism.
While dominant conceptions of both modernism and postmodernism arecentered around motions of statis and fixity, for most of theotherwise quite diverse writers in this book, modernity is a matterof movement, of flux, of change and of unpredictability.
Modernity and postmodernity are shown to mean, not the ′end of thesubject′ but the transformation and creation of new forms ofsubjectivity. Anthropological concepts are brought squarely intothe heart of the modernity controversies, which are then recast inthe context of tradition, globalization and of the crisis ofidentity in a newly de–centred world system.
The possibility of a third way is opened up, rejecting theopposition between the impersonal rationality of high modernism andthe rationalist anti–ethics of postmodernism. The vision in thisbook is that of another modernity, which counter–poses Baudelaireto Rousseau, and loyalist ethics to abstract blueprints for socialand political reorganization.
This book will be essential reading for students of sociology,cultural studies, literary theory, anthropology, urban studies and philosophy.
Book•
15 Jun 1993
TL;DR: Combining humanism and social science, the authors illustrate how youth organizations enable the young to link a sense of self beyond the mere labels of ethnicity and gender, to responsibility and supportive environments for work and play.
Abstract: Combining humanism and social science, the authors illustrate how youth organisations enable the young to link a sense of self beyond the mere labels of ethnicity and gender, to responsibility and supportive environments for work and play.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined relationships between empowerment, supervisor's support for career development and components of career motivation: career resilience, career insight and career identity, and found that self-ratings of career identity may be composed of two independent dimensions, work identity and organization identity.
Abstract: This paper examines relationships between empowerment, supervisor's support for career development and components of career motivation: career resilience, career insight and career identity. In Study 1, self-ratings of career insight and identity from 183 employees were positively related to supervisor ratings of the degree to which the subordinate is empowered and receives support for career development. Self-ratings of empowerment and support for career development were related to supervisor ratings on all three career motivation variables. Study 2 collected supervisor and self-ratings of the same variables for another sample of 59 employees at two points in time with a 3½-month interval to examine the test–retest reliability of the measures and further study their interrelationships. The results supported the test–retest reliability of the measures, indicated that career identity may be composed of two independent dimensions, work identity and organization identity, and suggested that individuals who are higher on organizational identity are those who are rated lower on empowerment by their supervisors. The discussion considers directions for research on variables that affect perceptions of empowerment, support for career development and career motivation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe sport psychology and a model for its practice that is consistent with the training of counseling psychologists as teachers of life skills, and some of the training issues for counseling psychologists doing sport psychology are presented.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe sport psychology and a model for its practice that is consistent with the training of counseling psychologists as teachers of life skills. Following an examination of the role that sport plays in our society and its importance for the development of identity and personal competence, what is meant by sport psychology and why it is a relevant area of study for counseling psychologists will be specified. A psychoeducational model for the practice of sport psychology, life development intervention (LDI), will be delineated and some examples of sport psychology consistent with the LDI model proposed. Using LDI as a base, dilemmas that counseling psychologists face when doing sport psychology will be considered Finally, some of the training issues for counseling psychologists doing sport psychology will be presented.
Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, Peter Wade focuses on the black population of the Choco province in Colombia, an area where the typical Latin American ambiguity surrounding racial identity is countered by the more definitive "black" identity of the local inhabitants.
Abstract: The idea of "racial democracy" in Latin American populations has traditionally assumed that class is a more significant factor than race. But, despite the emergence of a "mesitizo" class - people who are culturally and racially mixed in the broadest sense - there remains a complex discrimination against blacks. To explain this phenomenon, Peter Wade focuses on the black population of the Choco province in Colombia - an area where the typical Latin American ambiguity surrounding racial identity is countered by the more definitive "black" identity of the local inhabitants. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork, Wade shows how the concepts of "blackness" and discrimination are deeply embedded in different social levels and contexts - from region to neighborhood, and from politics and economics to housing, marriage, music and personal identity. By uncovering what "blackness" means to the Chocoanos and how "blackness" is reproduced and transformed in different contexts, Wade brings to the study of race a perspective sophisticated enough to account for the real complexities of "blackness", "mixedness" and "whiteness"; the conflicts among race, ethnicity and national ideologies; the development and transformation of cultural identities; the persistence of racial inequality and racism; and the constitution of society through topography and regionality.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the theoretical models and the research on self-esteem among Hispanic and Asian American subgroups and compared these findings to the existing literature on African American self-image, and suggested parallels between the two paradigms.
Abstract: We review the theoretical models and the research on self-esteem among Hispanic and Asian American subgroups and compare these findings to the existing literature on African American self-image. Group self-esteem refers to how the individual feels about racial or ethnic group membership. Personal self-esteem refers to how the individual feels about the self in a comprehensive manner. We describe the major paradigms of ethnic/racial and personal self-esteem utilized in studies of Hispanics and Asian Americans. These paradigms are largely informed by the literature on ethnicity and stress the macrostructural forces that affect self-concept. Paradigms of African American self-image, however, tend to focus more on the psychological mechanisms that transform social context into personal identity. We also review empirical evidence on both dimensions of self-esteem among Hispanics and Asian Americans, and we contrast these findings to research on African Americans. We conclude by suggesting parallels between the...