Showing papers on "Identity (social science) published in 2021"
04 Mar 2021
TL;DR: According to as discussed by the authors, humor is a useful vehicle for communicating certain messages and dealing with situations that would be more difficult to handle using a more serious, unambiguous mode of communication.
Abstract: According to recent theory, many of the interpersonal functions of humor derive from its inherently ambiguous nature due to the multiple concurrent meanings that it conveys. Because of this ambiguity, humor is a useful vehicle for communicating certain messages and dealing with situations that would be more difficult to handle using a more serious, unambiguous mode of communication. Importantly, a message communicated in a humorous manner can be retracted more easily than if it were expressed in the serious mode, allowing both the speaker and the listener to save face if the message is not well received. These insights concerning the ambiguity and face-saving potential of humor have been applied by theorists and researchers to account for a wide variety of social uses of humor, including self-disclosure and social probing, decommitment and conflict de-escalation, enforcing social norms and exerting social control, establishing and maintaining status, enhancing group cohesion and identity, discourse management, and social play. The multiple interpersonal functions of humor suggest that it may be viewed as a type of social skill or interpersonal competence. Employed in an adept manner, humor can be a very useful tool for achieving one's interpersonal goals.
319 citations
TL;DR: There is compelling evidence that globalization shocks, often working through culture and identity, have played an important role in driving up support for populist movements, particularly of the r... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: There is compelling evidence that globalization shocks, often working through culture and identity, have played an important role in driving up support for populist movements, particularly of the r...
100 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated how chief executive officer (CEO) hometown identity drives firm green innovation, and they proposed that CEO hometown identity has a positive impact on a firm's green innovation performance.
Abstract: Drawn on the upper echelons theory, this study investigates how chief executive officer (CEO) hometown identity drives firm green innovation. We propose that CEO hometown identity has a positive impact on a firm's green innovation performance. Furthermore, we explore the moderating role of managerial discretion determined by organizational and environmental factors (i.e., institutional ownership and market complexity). We propose that institutional ownership negatively moderates the positive relationship between CEO hometown identity and green innovation, but market complexity plays a positive moderating role. Using Chinese publicly listed firms from 2002 to 2016 in heavily polluting industries, our findings support these hypotheses. Our research contributes to the upper echelons theory and corporate social responsibility literature and has substantial practical implications.
81 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, five major theoretical perspectives of career stage, decision-making, adjustment, relational, and identity emerged from an analysis of 242 publications, and based upon an analysis across these perspectives, they recommend seven major avenues for future research on career transitions.
75 citations
18 Oct 2021
TL;DR: The Identity Strainer Theory as discussed by the authors proposes a new algorithmic folk theory of social feeds to describe when users believe an algorithm filters out and suppresses certain social identities on the basis of their identities.
Abstract: Algorithms in online platforms interact with users' identities in different ways. However, little is known about how users understand the interplay between identity and algorithmic processes on these platforms, and if and how such understandings shape their behavior on these platforms in return. Through semi-structured interviews with 15 US-based TikTok users, we detail users' algorithmic folk theories of the For You Page algorithm in relation to two inter-connected identity types: person and social identity. Participants identified potential harms that can accompany algorithms' tailoring content to their person identities. Further, they believed the algorithm actively suppresses content related to marginalized social identities based on race and ethnicity, body size and physical appearance, ability status, class status, LGBTQ identity, and political and social justice group affiliation. We propose a new algorithmic folk theory of social feeds-The Identity Strainer Theory-to describe when users believe an algorithm filters out and suppresses certain social identities. In developing this theory, we introduce the concept of algorithmic privilege as held by users positioned to benefit from algorithms on the basis of their identities. We further propose the concept of algorithmic representational harm to refer to the harm users experience when they lack algorithmic privilege and are subjected to algorithmic symbolic annihilation. Additionally, we describe how participants changed their behaviors to shape their algorithmic identities to align with how they understood themselves, as well as to resist the suppression of marginalized social identities and lack of algorithmic privilege via individual actions, collective actions, and altering their performances. We theorize our findings to detail the ways the platform's algorithm and its users co-produce knowledge of identity on the platform. We argue the relationship between users' algorithmic folk theories and identity are consequential for social media platforms, as it impacts users' experiences, behaviors, sense of belonging, and perceived ability to be seen, heard, and feel valued by others as mediated through algorithmic systems.
62 citations
TL;DR: This study examines how class and relational identities affect viewers’ gifting behavior and how social density elicited by Danmaku as a significant contextual cue moderates the effects of identities on viewers' giftingbehavior.
59 citations
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a structure to this fragmented field of inquiry, which they call entrepreneurial identity (EI), which is defined as "the identification of a person with a particular identity" (e.g., entrepreneurial identity).
Abstract: Over the past three decades, research on entrepreneurial identity (EI) has grown particularly rapidly, yet in seemingly disparate directions. To lend structure to this fragmented field of inquiry, ...
56 citations
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that the universalism-particularism “cleavage” not only bundles issues, but shapes how people think about who they are and where they stand in a group conflict that meshes economics and culture.
Abstract: The last decades have seen the emergence of a divide pitting the new left against the far right in advanced democracies. We study how this universalism-particularism divide is crystallizing into a ...
53 citations
TL;DR: The authors proposed a revealed preference approach, using food consumption to uncover ethnic and religious identity in the US, and found that people come to identify with specific groups based on food consumption and ethnicity.
Abstract: Are identities fungible? How do people come to identify with specific groups? This paper proposes a revealed preference approach, using food consumption to uncover ethnic and religious identity cho...
51 citations
TL;DR: This chapter reviews research on the group identity explanation of social influence, grounded in self-categorization theory, and contrasts it with other group-based explanations, including normative influence, interdependence, and social network approaches, as well as approaches to persuasion and influence that background group (identity) processes.
Abstract: This chapter reviews research on the group identity explanation of social influence, grounded in self-categorization theory, and contrasts it with other group-based explanations, including normative influence, interdependence, and social network approaches, as well as approaches to persuasion and influence that background group (identity) processes. Although the review primarily discusses recent research, its focus also invites reappraisal of some classic research in order to address basic questions about the scope and power of the group identity explanation. The self-categorization explanation of influence grounded in group norms, moderated by group identification, is compared and contrasted to other normative explanations of influence, notably the concept of injunctive norms and the relation to moral conviction. A range of moderating factors relating to individual variation, features of the intragroup and intergroup context, and important contextual variables (i.e., anonymity versus visibility, isolation versus copresence) that are particularly relevant to online influence in the new media are also reviewed.
TL;DR: This article examined the prevalence of emergent professional identity (PI) among different groups of higher education students as well as the determining factors in the formation of PI, and found that the emergence of professional identity is correlated with academic success.
Abstract: The study examines the prevalence of emergent professional identity (PI) among different groups of higher education students as well as the determining factors in the formation of PI. Drawing on ev...
TL;DR: The authors pointed out that people have a tendency to disregard information that contradicts their partisan or ideological identity, and that this inclination can become especially striking when citizens reject notions that scientists consider to be contrary to their beliefs.
Abstract: People have a tendency to disregard information that contradicts their partisan or ideological identity. This inclination can become especially striking when citizens reject notions that scientists...
TL;DR: Examination of the psychological predictors of collective action intentions in contexts where resistance is met with significant repression by the authorities confirms that risks attributable to state repression spur rather than quell resistance by increasing outrage, politicized identification, identity consolidation and participative efficacies, and moral obligation.
Abstract: Empirical research on the social psychological antecedents of collective action has been conducted almost exclusively in democratic societies, where activism is relatively safe. The present research examines the psychological predictors of collective action intentions in contexts where resistance is met with significant repression by the authorities. Combining recent advancements in the collective action literature, our model examines the unique predictive roles of emotion (anger and fear), political identity consolidation and participative efficacies, politicized identification, and moral obligation, over and above past participation. It further investigates how these variables are shaped by perceptions of risks attributable to repression. Four survey studies test this model among protesters in Russia (N = 305), Ukraine (N = 136), Hong Kong (N = 115), and Turkey (N = 296). Meta-analytic integration of the findings highlights that, unlike in most current accounts of collective action, protesters in these contexts are not primarily driven by political efficacy. Rather, their involvement is contingent upon beliefs in the ability of protest to build a movement (identity consolidation and participative efficacies) and motivated by outrage at state repression, identification with the social movement, and a sense of moral obligation to act on their behalf. Results also confirm that risks attributable to state repression spur rather than quell resistance by increasing outrage, politicized identification, identity consolidation and participative efficacies, and moral obligation. The implications of these findings for models of collective action and our understanding of the motives underlying engagement in repressive contexts are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that leaders' ability to do these things is grounded in their ability to represent and advance the shared interests of group members and to create and embed a sense of shared social identity among them.
Abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic is the greatest global crisis of our lifetimes, and leadership has been critical to societies’ capacity to deal with it. Here effective leadership has brought people together, provided a clear perspective on what is happening and what response is needed, and mobilized the population to act in the most effective ways to bring the pandemic under control. Informed by a model of identity leadership (Haslam, Reicher & Platow, 2020), this review argues that leaders’ ability to do these things is grounded in their ability to represent and advance the shared interests of group members and to create and embed a sense of shared social identity among them (a sense of “us‐ness”). For leaders, then, this sense of us‐ness is the key resource that they need to marshal in order to harness the support and energy of citizens. The review discusses examples of the successes and failures of different leaders during the pandemic and organizes these around five policy priorities related to the 5Rs of identity leadership: readying, reflecting, representing, realizing, and reinforcing. These priorities and associated lessons are relevant not only to the management of COVID‐19 but to crisis management and leadership more generally.
TL;DR: In this paper, the identity regulation of disabled employees is investigated in the context of organizational representations of disabled workers as a form of socio-ideological control, and a comparative analysis is presented.
Abstract: Conceptualizing organizational representations of disabled workers as a form of socio-ideological control, this study investigates the identity regulation of disabled employees. The comparative ana...
TL;DR: This article argued that the division of society into mutually distrustful Us versus Them (Us versus Them) camps in which political identity becomes a social identity fosters autocratization by incentivizing c...
Abstract: “Pernicious polarization” – the division of society into mutually distrustful Us versus Them camps in which political identity becomes a social identity – fosters autocratization by incentivizing c...
TL;DR: In this article, a critical discursive approach is proposed to understand the diversity in and around international organizations: national identity, cultural differences, and the reproduction of inequalities, and how MNCs advance neocolonialism or promote positive change in society.
Abstract: There is a paucity of knowledge of one key aspect of diversity in and around international organizations: national identity. This is especially the case with research on multinational corporations (MNC) that has focused on cultural differences instead of processes of national identification or national identity construction. Drawing on a critical discursive approach, this paper offers four perspectives that can help to advance this area of research. First, MNCs can be viewed as sites of identity politics, within which one can study ‘us vs. them’ constructions and the reproduction of inequalities. Second, MNCs can be seen as actors engaged in identity building and legitimation vis-à-vis external stakeholders, and the analysis of the discursive dynamics involved illuminates important aspects of identity politics between the organization and its environment. Third, MNCs can be viewed as part of international relations between nations and nationalities, and analysis of discursive dynamics in the media can elucidate key aspects of the international struggles encountered. Fourth, MNCs can be seen as agents of broader issues and changes, which enables us to comprehend how MNCs advance neocolonialism or promote positive change in society.
TL;DR: This guide provides an understanding of what teacher identity is and how it can be developed and supported and offers recommendations on how to establish workplace environments that support teacher identity rather than marginalise it.
Abstract: This guide provides an understanding of what teacher identity is and how it can be developed and supported. Developing a strong teacher identity in the context of health professions education is challenging, because teachers combine multiple roles and the environment usually is more supportive to the identity of health practitioner or researcher than to that of teacher. This causes tensions for those with a teaching role. However, a strong teacher identity is important because it enhances teachers' intention to stay in health professions education, their willingness to invest in faculty development, and their enjoyment of the teaching role. The guide offers recommendations on how to establish workplace environments that support teacher identity rather than marginalise it. Additionally, the guide offers recommendations for establishing faculty development approaches that are sensitive to teacher identity issues. Finally, the guide provides suggestions for individual teachers in relation to what they can do themselves to nurture it.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate how professional employment support provided by newcomer support organizations (NSOs) influence highly-skilled refugees' professional identities and workforce integration, and find that the professional identity of newcomers is influenced by their professional identities.
Abstract: How does professional employment support provided by newcomer support organizations (NSOs) influence highly-skilled refugees’ professional identities and workforce integration? To answer this quest...
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated nursing students' professional identity, intention to leave the nursing profession, and perception of clinical nursing work during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored factors influencing professional identity.
Abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected China and other countries since December 2019 The effects of this pandemic on nursing students in terms of their professional identity, intention to leave the nursing profession, and perception of clinical nursing work remain unclear Purpose The aims of this study were, first, to investigate nursing students' professional identity, intention to leave the nursing profession, and perception of clinical nursing work during the COVID-19 pandemic and, second, to explore factors influencing professional identity to help develop effective strategies to enrich and strengthen this factor in the future Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive survey study was conducted on 150 nursing students in China in February 2020 Results The 14 (93%) participants who reported intending to leave the nursing profession earned lower scores for professional identity than their peers who reported intending to remain The participants who believed that the COVID-19 pandemic had made them "more passionate about clinical nursing work" earned the highest scores, followed by those who believed the pandemic had "no effect" The lowest scores were earned by those who believed clinical nursing work to be "too dangerous to engage in" COVID-19 knowledge scores, the perceived effectiveness of preventive and control measures, the number of cases seen on the day the study survey was taken, and time spent daily on COVID-19 events were the variables found to influence professional identity Conclusions COVID-19 outbreak is not merely a time of crisis but also an opportunity to reconstruct the professional identity of nursing students
TL;DR: The authors explored student's expectations and lived realities during their studies through the lens of Bourdieu's theory of practice and found that several doctoral students' academic identities were laden with conceptions of marginalization, which evoked feelings of disempowerment and lead to a lack of agency.
Abstract: An important component of PhD students’ educational experiences is the understanding they develop of their academic identity. In this study, we explore PhD students’ expectations and lived realities during their studies through the lens of Bourdieu’s theory of practice. We show that doctoral students perceive the PhD as an all-consuming endeavor and, at the same time, a degree of competing demands. Importantly, several doctoral students’ academic identities were laden with conceptions of marginalization, which evoked feelings of disempowerment and lead to a lack of agency. Therefore, this study advocates for a doctoral environment where different forms of human capital are valued and the voices of PhD students are respected within the academy. This will ensure that future scholars are able to enter the academy with a strong sense of who they are and where they fit within their field.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship among self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression; engineering identity; and perceptions of inclusion of undergraduate engineering students and found that mental health needs greater attention in engineering education, particularly for female and first-generation students.
Abstract: Funding information National Science Foundation, Grant/ Award Number: 1738186 Abstract Background: Stress is commonly experienced by college students, especially engineering students. However, the role of stress within engineering culture and its implications for engineering programs have not been fully explored in the literature. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to measure and examine the relationships among self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression; engineering identity; and perceptions of inclusion of undergraduate engineering students. Design/Method: We validated a quantitative survey instrument built on previously published scales and used it to measure self-reported stress, anxiety, and depression; engineering identity; and perceptions of inclusion. Results: Our findings indicate that self-reported levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are high for engineering students. Further, levels of stress and anxiety are significantly higher for female students, while levels of depression are higher for first-generation students. We find correlations between self-reported mental health symptoms, engineering identity, and perceptions of inclusion, and these relationships differ by gender. Lastly, we find that students underrepresented in engineering rate their departments as less diverse than their peers. Conclusions: Our results suggest that perceptions of inclusion and engineering identity are related to student mental health, further emphasizing the importance of developing inclusive cultures in engineering programs. The findings suggest that mental health needs greater attention in engineering education, particularly for female and first-generation students.
TL;DR: The authors examines the processes underlying the formation of the identity of teachers as entrepreneurs in neoliberalizing education space in contemporary India. Drawing on interactions with 38 s..., they examine the processes behind the formation and formation of teacher as entrepreneurs.
Abstract: This article examines the processes underlying the formation of the identity of teachers as entrepreneurs in neoliberalizing education space in contemporary India. Drawing on interactions with 38 s...
TL;DR: There is an emergent identity work perspective that draws on multiple intertwined streams of established identities theorizing and identity-related research as discussed by the authors, and this perspective is characterized by the following:
Abstract: There is an emergent identity work perspective that draws on multiple intertwined streams of established identities theorizing and identities-related research. This perspective is characterized loo...
10 Dec 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between space, representation, and identity in the area referred to as "Chinatown" in central Liverpool and find that the location and definition of Chinatown are interpreted inconsistently.
Abstract: This article explores the potential of the LL to evaluate ethnically-defined spaces. Focusing on the area referred to as ‘Chinatown’ in central Liverpool, it examines the relationships between space, representation, and identity. Interviews with actors and passers-by indicate that the location and definition of Chinatown are interpreted inconsistently. As the article argues, however, the LL contains useful information for locating and qualifying the ethnic space. Scrutinizing both interview data and an empirical corpus of all the texts visible in the space, the article aims to define the borders of Chinatown, and the expression of ethnic identity therein. Whilst testifying to the commodification of aesthetic ideals and symbolic imagery, the LL simultaneously reveals an in-group community representative of authentic Chineseness. Exploring the dynamics of linguistic exclusion and accommodation, the data indicate not only that the identity of Chinatown is multi-layered, but also that its borders are subjective and not definable spatially.
TL;DR: This article applied the analytical lens of cosmopolitan nationalism to examine how non-traditional international high schools interweave cosmopolitan and nationalistic tendencies in Shenzhen, China, and found that the interweaving of cosmo-nationalism and cosmopolitanism can be traced back to the origins of Chinese nationalism.
Abstract: This research applies the analytical lens of ‘cosmopolitan nationalism’ to examine how ‘non-traditional’ international high schools interweave cosmopolitan and nationalistic tendencies in Shenzhen,...
TL;DR: This paper studied why people from privileged class backgrounds often misidentify their origins as working class, by drawing on 175 interviews with those working in professional and manage companies, and found that privileged people often misidentified their origins from privileged classes as working classes.
Abstract: Why do people from privileged class backgrounds often misidentify their origins as working class? We address this question by drawing on 175 interviews with those working in professional and manage...
TL;DR: This article showed that consumers with a relatively stronger global (local) identity prefer global brands, whereas under states of uncertainty, consumers prefer local brands, and showed that under state of certainty, consumers preferred global brands over local brands.
Abstract: This research demonstrates that under states of certainty, consumers with a relatively stronger global (local) identity prefer global (local) brands, whereas under states of uncertainty, consumers ...