Showing papers on "Ideology published in 1972"

Some Cambridge Controversies in the Theory of Capital

Abstract: Capital theory traditionally spans two major compartments of economic theory: the theory of production of both individual products and the total product, and the theory of the distribution of the aggregate product between the different classes of capitalist society It has always been controversial, partly because the subject matter is difficult and partly because rival ideologies and value systems impinge directly on the subject matter In the present book the various topics associated with the exchanges between the 'neo-Keynesians' and the 'neo-neoclassicals' are discussed and evaluated The topics include the measurement of capital, the revival of interest in Irving Fisher's rate of return on investment, the double-switching debate, Sraffa's prelude to a critique of neoclassical theory, and the 'new' theories of the rate of profits in capitalist society

Community Colleges and Social Stratification

Abstract: The expansion of the community colleges in recent years repeats an American pattern that couples class-based tracking with "educational inflation." Shaped by a changing economy and by the American ideology of equal opportunity, community colleges are moving toward vocational rather than transfer curricula and are channeling first generation college students into these programs. The author examines the social forces behind the community college movement and the social processes within the community colleges that have produced a submerged class conflict in higher education.

In Defence of Politics

Abstract: Preface to the Fifth Edition Acknowledgements 1. The Nature of Political Rule 2. A Defence of Politics Against Ideology 3. A Defence of Politics Against Democracy 4. A Defence of Politics against Nationalism 5. A Defence of Politics Against Technology 6. A Defence of Politics Against False Friends The non-political conservative The a-political liberal The anti-political socialist 7. In Praise of Politics Three Footnotes A Footnote to Rally the Academic Professors of politics (1964) A Footnote to Rally Fellow Socialists (1982) A Final Footnote to Rally Those Who Grudge the Price (1992) Epilogue (2000)

On the Concept of Ideology in Political Science

Abstract: Although the term “ideology” is ubiquitous in modern political discourse, it is used in diverse and usually ambiguous ways which limit its value as an analytical concept. The main ambiguity arises from the fact that, as most writers use it, the concept of ideology does not provide criteria for distinguishing ideological thought from nonideological thought. Lacking this power to make concrete discriminations, the concept fails to achieve empirical relevance. This paper attempts to remedy that deficiency and save the concept of ideology for the explanation of politics. The problem of conceptualization is approached by viewing ideology primarily as a cultural phenomenon. As such, it is argued, ideology has characteristics that distinguish it from other symbol systems. Of special importance in this regard is the identification of basic differentia between ideology on the one hand, and myth and Utopia (with which ideology is often confused) on the other. The features of ideology identified in this comparative analysis are then discussed in fuller detail with a view to understanding (1) the significance of ideology in politics, and (2) the way in which the concept of ideology can help us to understand politics, insofar as politics involves ideology.

Dimensions of Internal-External Locus of Control and the Women's Liberation Movement

Abstract: Fifty feminist (WL) and 50 control subjects were administered Rotter's Internal-External scale and a series of questions concerning their backgrounds and their attitudes about and involvement in the women's movement. Three dimensions emerged from a factor analysis of the I-E items: personal control, protestant ethic ideology, and feminist ideology. The WL subjects were more internal than the control subjects in their sense of personal control and more external in protestant ethic ideology (PEI) and feminist ideology. Externality on these two dimensions was shown to be related to involvement in the feminist movement. Rejection of PEI was accompanied by an increased sense of personal internality for the feminists.

Modern Revolutions: An Introduction to the Analysis of a Political Phenomenon

Abstract: Many political regimes today draw such legitimacy as they have from a revolution: the destruction of an existing political elite and its replacement by a different group or groups drawn from inside the same society. A large part of the ideological dispute in world politics has come in consequence to turn on an interpretation of the character of revolutions as political and social events. It is extremely difficult to separate ideological assessments of the desirability or otherwise of what has occured in revolutions from causal explanations of why these revolutions occurred, and both major traditions in the analysis of revolutionary phenomena have been damaged by their failure to distinguish clearly between explanation and assessment. In examining eight major revolutions of the twentieth century, John Dunn helps readers to remedy this state of affairs by thinking for themselves.

Personality and ideology: a personological study of Women's Liberation.

Abstract: (1972). Personality and Ideology: A Personological Study of Women’s Liberation. Psychiatry: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 109-125.

Social Conflict and Educational Change in England and France 1789–1848

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Domination and assertion 3. Change in English primary education 4. Change in English secondary and higher education 5. Assertive ideologies in English education 6. The defensive ideologies of Anglican domination 7. Change in French primary education 8. Change in French secondary and higher education 9. Assertive French educational ideologies 10. French ideologies legitimating educational domination 11. Conclusion Notes Bibliography.

Say's Law: An Historical Analysis

Abstract: Say's Law--the idea that "supply creates its own demand"--has been a basic concept in economics for almost two centuries. Thomas Sowell traces its evolution as it emerged from successive controversies, particularly two of the most bitter and long lasting in the history of the discipline, the "general glut controversy" that reached a peak in the 1820s, and the Keynesian Revolution of the 1930s. These controversies not only involved almost every noted economist of the time but had repercussions on basic economic theory, methodology, and sociopolitical theory. This book, the first comprehensive coverage of the subject, will be an indispensable addition to the history of economic thought. It is also relevant to all social sciences concerned with economic prosperity, with the nature of intellectual orthodoxy and insurgency, or with the complex relationships among ideology, concepts, and policies.Originally published in 1972.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Radical Politics and Sociological Research: Observations on Methodology and Ideology.

Abstract: Sociological work producing results that are "true" in not being falsifiable by available evidence and "true to the world" in encompassing the major components of the phenomena it studies is likely to have a radical thrust. Such work unmasks the conventional stories with which institutional functionaries and social leaders hide the inequities and failures or the organizations for which they are responsible. In so doing, it serves to increase the possibilities for freedom and equality in a society. The radical thrust of good sociological work reveals itself in its choice of causes for analysis, since the designation of causes serves to assign blame for undesirable events and to suggest what might be attacked in order to prevent them from occurring.

The ‘New Woman’ and Traditional Norms in Tanzania

Abstract: Tanzania is engaged in a struggle to become a democratic socialist and developed nation. The implications of socialist ideology for actual policy planning and implementation still have not been fully clarified. Certain questions concerning the economic base are especially important, in particular the desirable relationship of every citizen to the production processes of the country. The possibility of further alienation of the worker from the process of production in the context of nationalisation and state-controlled industrialisation has already been identified by several observers.1 The pervasive nature of the dual economy in the ‘development of under-development’ has also been analysed with respect to Tanzania.2 What is consistently disregarded, however, is the peculiar place of women in the midst of change and counter-change.

Ideology and Social Science

Abstract: This paper constitutes one of the early chapters of a study which deals with the fundamental structural features of the various forms of ideology-from religious and moral discourse to politics and to art-taken individually as well as in their manifold interconnections; with the material and social conditions and mechanisms that determine the emergence and subtle transformations of particular ideologies; with the complex instruments and institutions required to secure the more or less enduring impact of ideological systems; and, last but not least, with the intricate relationship between ideology and social science considered both as specific modes of discourse and as determinate social complexes which fulfill a multiplicity of important functions in the global framework of social practice.

Correlates of Student Political Activism and Ideology

Abstract: This study of student political orientations treats attitudes and activism as conceptually and empirically independent, does not confound demographic variables in the subject groupings, and focuses on the dimensions of activism and attitudes and not specifically on left activists. Yale freshmen (N = 164) were classified into four ideology groupings and two levels of activism. Patterns of socialization and personality correlates of activism and ideology are presented and related to earlier studies. The absence of significant interactions and the concordance of some correlates of activism and ideology are discussed.

Unmeltable Ethnics: Politics and Culture in American Life

Abstract: This new, enlarged edition of an influential book--originally published in 1972 as The Rise of the Unmeltable Ethnics--extends the author's wise and generous view of ethnicity. Its aim "is to raise consciousness about a crucial part of the American experience: to involve each reader in self-inquiry. Who, after all, are you? What history brought you to where you are? Why are you different from others?" But the point of such inquiry is civility: "The new ethnic consciousness embodied in this book delights in recognition of subtle differences in the movements of the soul. It is not a call to separatism but to self-consciousness. It does not seek division but rather accurate, mutual appreciation." This new edition contains six new essays by the author, including the acclaimed "Pluralism: A Humanistic Perspective." New, too, is Novak's comprehensive introduction, bringing the argument up to date. Novak describes how and why ethnicity has become a prominent issue in American politics. He also sharply denounces the current ideology of "multiculturalism" as a disfiguration of genuine ethnicity. "Multiculturalism is moved by the eros of Narcissus"; Novak writes, "the new ethnicity is driven by the eros of unrestricted understanding." When the book first appeared, Time said that "Novak has attacked the American Dream in order to open up a possible second chapter for it." Newsweek called it "a tough-minded, provocative book which could well signal an important change in American politics." This new edition adds crucial distinctions for those seeking an intelligent path through such current-day mystifications as "multiculturalism" and "diversity." Twenty-five years ago, Novak's argument led the way in focusing on families, neighborhoods, and other "mediating institutions" of civil society. It is an argument critical to a realistic sense of national community.

Folklore as a Political Tool in Nazi Germany

Abstract: WITHIN THE CONTEXT of National Socialist ideology, folklore emerged as a field of central importance, and it seemed predestined by its very name to aid Hitler in building the new "folk Reich." The term folklore, however, did not necessarily mean what we think it does today. Throughout the National Socialist movement we can observe an increasing ambiguity concerning such concepts as "folk thought," "folkdom," and "folk movement." The lack of a clear distinction between the traditional cultural heritage of the common folk and the new values of the "folk order" was one of the major reasons why folklore's status as a science came into serious discredit, particularly after the war. In the late forties, a German sociologist suggested that folklore be abolished altogether as a university discipline, so as to clean the air of the Nazis' ideological pollution.' Fortunately, his suggestions were not followed up, and thus folklore again received an opportunity to assert itself in nonpolitical and international terms. After 1935, German folklore professors were under pressure by the Party to adapt their theories and findings to the National Socialist Weltanschauung. This not only implied the obligation to join in the search for Nordic-Germanic symbols at the expense of other interests, but it also meant giving priority to those elements that might be of immediate ideological usefulness to the Party. According to Hermann Bausinger, the German Folklore Association was professional enough to withstand the pressure and to continue its work along customary lines, although enough other groups and individuals were engaged in producing "folkish" absurdities in sufficient quantity to mark a new trend in the history of folklore studies.2

Ideas of the early sex education movement in America, 1890-1920.

Abstract: TOWARD THE END of the nineteenth century American sexual attitudes were beginning to undergo a fundamental alteration, for the dominant sexual ideology of sex as restraint was being challenged increasingly by the hitherto radical doctrine of sex as pleasure. The implications of this change in ideology extended far beyond the simple gratification of a temporal impulse to the very formation of character and the organization of society, for, as Freud wrote, the manner in which an individual responds to sexuality is often "a prototype for the whole of his other modes of reaction to life." In turn, the nature of society is significantly influenced according to whether society chooses to resolve the conflict between Eros and Ananke by the repression, renunciation, or acceptance of sexuality. (1) By the 1920s in the United States the older middle-class beliefs that sex was only for procreation and that pleasure was an unfortunate, if inescapable, side effect "attached to this function simply to ensure reproduction," were being replaced by a belief in which pleasure, independent of conception, was as equally legitimate an end of sexual activity in marriage as was procreation. If Freud's hypothesis is correct, then the study of this change in sexual attitudes may offer significant insights into the very structure of man's responses to society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (2)

The Transformation of Communist Ideology: The Yugoslav Case, 1945-1953

Abstract: This is the first book to trace in detail the relationship between pre-1948 Yugoslav deviant views and their full development after Tito's break with Stalin in 1948 The author, who speaks fluent Serbo-Croatian, has searched the pertinent literature to show how the deviant Yugoslav "Titoist" doctrine grew out of local and immediate needs of the revolutionary Communist regimePart I of the book treats the period between the end of World War II and the outbreak of open conflict with Stalin in 1948, examining the Yugoslav Communists and the nature of their revolution, their postwar program of developing socialism, and their analysis of the international situation The divergence of the Yugoslav notion of "people's democracy" from that prevailing in the Soviet Union and elsewhere in Eastern Europe is described In Part II the author analyzes the "Titoist" doctrine which emerged between 1948 and 1953, and remarks on the immediate Yugoslav reaction to the break with Stalin, the re-evaluation and critique of the Soviet system, and the reappraisal of the international situation Various elements of the doctrine of "socialist democracy" as well as the revised view of agricultural collectivization are also studied The book's third part characterizes the transformation of Yugoslav Communist ideology during the period 1945-1953, formulating conclusions about the process of ideological change