Showing papers on "Imaging technology published in 2015"

Elastography: history, principles, and technique comparison

Abstract: Elastography is a relatively new imaging technology that creates images of tissue stiffness. It can be thought of an extension of the ancient technique of palpation but it gives better spatial localization information and is less subjective. Two main types of elastography are currently in use, strain elastography where the tissue displacement in response to gentle pressure is used to compute and image tissue strain, and shear wave elastography where the speed of shear waves traversing tissue is measured and used to create an image of tissue stiffness. Each method has advantages and disadvantages but generally strain imaging is excellent for focal lesions and shear wave imaging, being more quantitative, is best for diffuse organ diseases. Strain imaging requires additional training in acquisition technique to obtain high quality images. Pitfalls to avoid and tips for good images are provided. Improvements in strain imaging are focused on better quality indicators and better methods for quantification. Improvements in shear wave imaging will be higher frame rates, greater accuracy in focal lesions, and making results more comparable between different ultrasound systems. Both methods will continue to improve and will provide ever more powerful new tools for diagnosis of diffuse and focal diseases.

Noninvasive imaging technologies for cutaneous wound assessment: A review

Abstract: The ability to phenotype wounds for the purposes of assessing severity, healing potential and treatment is an important function of evidence-based medicine. A variety of optical technologies are currently in development for noninvasive wound assessment. To varying extents, these optical technologies have the potential to supplement traditional clinical wound evaluation and research, by providing detailed information regarding skin components imperceptible to visual inspection. These assessments are achieved through quantitative optical analysis of tissue characteristics including blood flow, collagen remodeling, hemoglobin content, inflammation, temperature, vascular structure, and water content. Technologies that have, to this date, been applied to wound assessment include: near infrared imaging, thermal imaging, optical coherence tomography, orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, fluorescence imaging, laser Doppler imaging, microscopy, spatial frequency domain imaging, photoacoustic detection, and spectral/hyperspectral imaging. We present a review of the technologies in use or development for these purposes with three aims: (1) providing basic explanations of imaging technology concepts, (2) reviewing the wound imaging literature, and (3) providing insight into areas for further application and exploration. Noninvasive imaging is a promising advancement in wound assessment and all technologies require further validation.

HyperCam: hyperspectral imaging for ubiquitous computing applications

Abstract: Emerging uses of imaging technology for consumers cover a wide range of application areas from health to interaction techniques; however, typical cameras primarily transduce light from the visible spectrum into only three overlapping components of the spectrum: red, blue, and green. In contrast, hyperspectral imaging breaks down the electromagnetic spectrum into more narrow components and expands coverage beyond the visible spectrum. While hyperspectral imaging has proven useful as an industrial technology, its use as a sensing approach has been fragmented and largely neglected by the UbiComp community. We explore an approach to make hyperspectral imaging easier and bring it closer to the end-users. HyperCam provides a low-cost implementation of a multispectral camera and a software approach that automatically analyzes the scene and provides a user with an optimal set of images that try to capture the salient information of the scene. We present a number of use-cases that demonstrate HyperCam's usefulness and effectiveness.

Novel X-ray imaging technology enables significant patient dose reduction in interventional cardiology while maintaining diagnostic image quality.

Abstract: Objectives The purpose of this study was to quantify the reduction in patient radiation dose during coronary angiography (CA) by a new X-ray technology, and to assess its impact on diagnostic image quality. Background Recently, a novel X-ray imaging technology has become available for interventional cardiology, using advanced image processing and an optimized acquisition chain for radiation dose reduction. Methods 70 adult patients were randomly assigned to a reference X-ray system or the novel X-ray system. Patient demographics were registered and exposure parameters were recorded for each radiation event. Clinical image quality was assessed for both patient groups. Results With the same angiographic technique and a comparable patient population, the new imaging technology was associated with a 75% reduction in total kerma-area product (KAP) value (decrease from 47 Gycm2 to 12 Gycm2, P < 0.001). Clinical image quality showed an equivalent detail and contrast for both imaging systems. On the other hand, the subjective appreciation of noise was more apparent in images of the new image processing system, acquired at lower doses, compared to the reference system. However, the higher noise content did not affect the overall image quality score, which was adequate for diagnosis in both systems. Conclusions For the first time, we present a new X-ray imaging technology, combining advanced noise reduction algorithms and an optimized acquisition chain, which reduces patient radiation dose in CA drastically (75%), while maintaining diagnostic image quality. Use of this technology may further improve the radiation safety of cardiac angiography and interventions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Noninvasive Imaging of Tumor Burden and Molecular Pathways in Mouse Models of Cancer

Abstract: Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis of cancer and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in patients with cancer. Because macroscopic imaging is noninvasive and quantitative, the development of specialized instruments for small animals has spurred increasing utilization in preclinical cancer studies. Some small-animal imaging devices are miniaturized derivatives of clinical imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasonography. Optical imaging, including bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence imaging, has evolved from microscopic cellular imaging technologies. Here, we review how current imaging modalities are enabling high-resolution structural imaging with micrometer-scale spatial resolution, thus allowing for the quantification of tumor burden in genetically engineered and orthotopic models of cancer, where tumors develop within organs not typically accessible to measurements with calipers. Beyond measuring tumor size, imaging is increasingly being used to assess the activity of molecular pathways within tumors and to reveal the pharmacodynamic efficacy of targeted therapies. Each imaging technology has particular strengths and limitations, and we discuss how studies should be carefully designed to match the imaging approach to the primary experimental question.

Current Rehabilitation Applications for Shoulder Ultrasound Imaging

Abstract: Synopsis The available body of knowledge on shoulder ultrasound imaging has grown considerably within the past decade, and physical therapists are among the many health care professions currently exploring the potential clinical integration of this imaging technology and the knowledge derived from it. Therefore, the primary purpose of this commentary was to review the recent evidence and emerging uses of ultrasound imaging for the clinical evaluation of shoulder disorders. This includes a detailed description of common measurement techniques along with their known clinimetric properties. Specifically provided are critical appraisals of the existing measures used to estimate soft tissue and bony morphometry, muscle contractile states, and lean muscle density. These appraisals are intended to help clinicians clarify the scope of physical therapy practice for which these measurement techniques are effectively utilized and to highlight areas in need of further development. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5)...

Electromagnetic tomography for brain imaging: Initial assessment for stroke detection

Abstract: Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) is a novel imaging modality with clinically viable potentials, being capable for fast functional imaging. The technology, when matured, might present an effective supplement to current imaging technologies for an assessment of functionality of brain tissue with unique time resolution in a range of dozens of msec together with decent spatial resolution. We have re-designed EMT imaging technology towards brain imaging and developed novel EMT scanner for human brain imaging. The scanner was used in initial clinical studies for diagnostic of stroke. First EMT tomographic human brain imaging results are presented here.

Update on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System: What the Pathologist Needs to Know.

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently diagnosed noninvasively with imaging techniques. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play critical roles in the detection, diagnosis, and staging of HCC. Standardization in the interpretation and reporting of imaging modalities has not existed until recently. In 2008, the American College of Radiology supported the development of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) for standardized terminology, interpretation, and reporting of imaging examinations for the diagnosis of HCC inpatients at risk for HCC. This article reviews the basic concepts of LI-RADS, emphasizing aspects that are most relevant to pathologists, including the categories, diagnostic algorithm, major features, and ancillary features for the diagnosis of HCC. The similarities and differences between LI-RADS and other major radiology-based diagnostic systems in terms of target population, intended users, categorization of observations, and imaging methods are addressed. Importantly, LI-RADS and other systems are designed to diagnose progressed HCC with high specificity and modest sensitivity. LI-RADS and other systems are not designed to detect early HCC and so have limited sensitivity for such lesions. Moreover, despite continuous advances in imaging technology, imaging detection and characterization of small (<1 cm) nodules remains limited; in addition, colocalization of small nodules and pathology is difficult. For these reasons LI-RADS and most other systems require lesions to be 1 cm or greater for the noninvasive diagnosis of HCC. As LI-RADS evolves, it is critical that stakeholders, including pathologists, provide expert input to help standardize and enhance reporting of radiologic findings.

Three-dimensional imaging of the uterus: The value of the coronal plane

Abstract: Advent in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has seen 3D ultrasound establish itself as a useful adjunct complementary to traditional two-dimensional imaging of the female pelvis This advantage largely arises from its ability to reconstruct the coronal plane of the uterus, which allows further delineation of many gynecological disorders 3D imaging of the uterus is now the preferred imaging modality for assessing congenital uterine anomalies and intrauterine device localization Newer indications include the diagnosis of adenomyosis It can also add invaluable information to delineate other endometrial and myometrial pathology such as fibroids and endometrial polyps

Advanced Imaging Technology Other than Narrow Band Imaging

Abstract: To improve the detection rate of gastrointestinal tumors, image-enhanced endoscopy has been widely used during screening and surveillance endoscopy in Korea. In addition to narrow band imaging (NBI) with/without magnification, various types of electronic chromoendoscopies have been used, including autofluorescence imaging, I-scan, and flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. These technologies enable the accurate characterization of tumors because they enable visualization of microvascular and microsurface patterns. The present review focuses on understanding the principle and clinical applications of advanced imaging technologies other than NBI.

Cost-effectiveness modelling in diagnostic imaging: a stepwise approach

Abstract: Diagnostic imaging (DI) is the fastest growing sector in medical expenditures and takes a central role in medical decision-making. The increasing number of various and new imaging technologies induces a growing demand for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in imaging technology assessment. In this article we provide a comprehensive framework of direct and indirect effects that should be considered for CEA in DI, suitable for all imaging modalities. We describe and explain the methodology of decision analytic modelling in six steps aiming to transfer theory of CEA to clinical research by demonstrating key principles of CEA in a practical approach. We thereby provide radiologists with an introduction to the tools necessary to perform and interpret CEA as part of their research and clinical practice. • DI influences medical decision making, affecting both costs and health outcome. • This article provides a comprehensive framework for CEA in DI. • A six-step methodology for conducting and interpreting cost-effectiveness modelling is proposed.

Brain tumor detection in medical imaging using matlab

Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging has become a widely used method of high quality medical imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an advanced medical imaging technique providing rich information about the human soft tissue anatomy. Mathematical morphology provides a systematic approach to analyze the geometric characteristics of signals or images, and has been applied widely to many applications such as edge detection, object segmentation, noise suppression and so on. Image Segmentation is used to extract various features of the image which can be merger or split in order to build objects of interest on which analysis and interpretation can be performed. The paper focuses on the detection of brain tumor and cancer cells of MRI Images using mathematical morphology.

Imaging in particle therapy: State of the art and future perspective.

Abstract: Several imaging and image guidance reviews are present in the literature for both photon and proton (ion) [1–9] beam therapy. In the present commentary we discuss imaging technology presently avail...

Microbubble-mediated intravascular ultrasound imaging and drug delivery

Abstract: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides radiation-free, real-time imaging and assessment of atherosclerotic disease in terms of anatomical, functional, and molecular composition. The primary clinical applications of IVUS imaging include assessment of luminal plaque volume and real-time image guidance for stent placement. When paired with microbubble contrast agents, IVUS technology may be extended to provide nonlinear imaging, molecular imaging, and therapeutic delivery modes. In this review, we discuss the development of emerging imaging and therapeutic applications that are enabled by the combination of IVUS imaging technology and microbubble contrast agents.

Non-Invasive Nanoparticle Imaging Technologies for Cosmetic and Skin Care Products

Abstract: The nanotechnology field is growing at an unprecedented rate. This is resulting in significant benefits in skin care products and formulations. Likewise, imaging technology is also advancing. The convergence of these fields offers a unique opportunity to observe and quantify the interactions of nanoparticles within cosmetic and skin care formulations. More importantly, imaging technology holds tremendous promise for understanding how formulated nanoparticles interact with our skin. Imaging technologies can be broken into two major groups that include those that require invasive sample collection and processing (e.g., electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy) and those that can be used in non-invasive data collection settings. Fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography fall into the latter category and are the focus of this review in the context of skin care product and cosmetics testing. Cosmetic and skin care product testing is most informative when carried out in volunteers. This makes invasive or disruptive analysis techniques unfeasible and supports the use of non-invasive imaging technologies. The combination of non-invasive imaging and minimally invasive microbiopsy sampling for combined imaging and molecular data is the future of skin care product testing.

Image Quality Analysis of Various Gastrointestinal Endoscopes: Why Image Quality Is a Prerequisite for Proper Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy

Abstract: Arising from human curiosity in terms of the desire to look within the human body, endoscopy has undergone significant advances in modern medicine. Direct visualization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by traditional endoscopy was first introduced over 50 years ago, after which fairly rapid advancement from rigid esophagogastric scopes to flexible scopes and high definition videoscopes has occurred. In an effort towards early detection of precancerous lesions in the GI tract, several high-technology imaging scopes have been developed, including narrow band imaging, autofocus imaging, magnified endoscopy, and confocal microendoscopy. However, these modern developments have resulted in fundamental imaging technology being skewed towards red-green-blue and this technology has obscured the advantages of other endoscope techniques. In this review article, we have described the importance of image quality analysis using a survey to consider the diversity of endoscope system selection in order to better achieve diagnostic and therapeutic goals. The ultimate aims can be achieved through the adoption of modern endoscopy systems that obtain high image quality.

A device and method for cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment guidance using active thermal imaging

Abstract: The present invention discloses means and methods for detecting cell irregularities throughout a healthy tissue. The method generally relates to cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment, and more specifically pertains to detection, diagnosis and treatment guidance of cancerous or precancerous conditions through the use of thermal imaging technology and analysis.

Imaging in rheumatoid arthritis: options, uses and optimization.

Abstract: Recent advances in imaging technology are dramatically changing the approach to patients with inflammatory arthritis. Conventional radiography is still the major imaging modality used to evaluate patients with rheumatoid arthritis in daily clinical practice. In the last decade, several investigations have shown the diagnostic ability of MRI and ultrasound to rectify the traditional approach to early diagnosis and disease activity monitoring. This review will summarize the options, uses and optimization of these imaging modalities with a special focus on ultrasound, which is currently the most promising tool to change the paradigms in both early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis.

The rapid imaging renaissance: sparser samples, denser dimensions, and glimmerings of a grand unified tomography

Abstract: The task of imaging is to gather spatiotemporal information which can be organized into a coherent map. Tomographic imaging in particular involves the use of multiple projections, or other interactions of a probe (light, sound, etc.) with a body, in order to determine cross-sectional information. Though the probes and the corresponding imaging modalities may vary, and though the methodology of particular imaging approaches is in constant ferment, the conceptual underpinnings of tomographic imaging have in many ways remained fixed for many decades. Recent advances in applied mathematics, however, have begun to roil this intellectual landscape. The advent of compressed sensing, anticipated in various algorithms dating back many years but unleashed in full theoretical force in the last decade, has changed the way imagers have begun to think about data acquisition and image reconstruction. The power of incoherent sampling and sparsity-enforcing reconstruction has been demonstrated in various contexts and, when combined with other modern fast imaging techniques, has enabled unprecedented increases in imaging efficiency. Perhaps more importantly, however, such approaches have spurred a shift in perspective, prompting us to focus less on nominal data sufficiency than on information content. Beginning with examples from MRI, then proceeding through selected other modalities such as CT and PET, as well as multimodality combinations, this paper explores the potential of newly evolving acquisition and reconstruction paradigms to change the way we do imaging in the lab and in the clinic.

High-spatial-resolution laser differential confocal spectrum-mass spectrum microscopic imaging method and device

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-spatial-resolution laser differential confocal spectrum-mass spectrum microscopic imaging method and device and belongs to the field of a confocal microscopic imaging technology, a spectral imaging technology and a mass spectrum imaging technology. The differential confocal imaging technology, the mass spectrum imaging technology and a spectrum detection technology are combined; a sampled is axially focused and imaged through the focused spot of a high-spatial-resolution differential confocal system; a mass spectrum system is utilized to carry out micro area mass spectrum imaging for charged molecules and atoms generated by desorbing and ionizing the sample by the focused spot of the high-spatial-resolution differential confocal system; a spectrum detection system is utilized to carry out spectral imaging for the emission spectrum information of plasmas generated by desorbing and ionizing the sample by the focused spot of the high-spatial-resolution differential confocal system; the high resolution morphology and composition detection of a micro area of the sample is realized through the fusion processing of detection data. The method and the device overcome the defect that the current confocal imaging technology cannot inhibit stray light interference of a focal plane, and provide a new effective technical way for mass spectrum high-resolution imaging.

Advanced Imaging Technology in Biliary Tract Diseases:Narrow-Band Imaging of the Bile Duct

Abstract: Newly introduced direct peroral cholangioscopy and the development of video choledochoscopes have enabled more defined observation of bile duct mucosal lesions with clearer images. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a unique endoscopic imaging technology that provides enhanced endoscopic images of surface mucosal structures and its superficial microvessels. Advanced cholangioscopy and NBI are expected to be useful for precise evaluation and correct diagnosis of biliary tract diseases. However, the diagnostic value of advanced bile duct imaging with cholangioscopy requires further evaluation.

Open-frame system for single-molecule microscopy.

Abstract: We present the design and construction of a versatile, open frame inverted microscope system for wide-field fluorescence and single molecule imaging. The microscope chassis and modular design allow for customization, expansion, and experimental flexibility. We present two components which are included with the microscope which extend its basic capabilities and together create a powerful microscopy system: A Convex Lens-induced Confinement device provides the system with single-molecule imaging capabilities, and a two-color imaging system provides the option of imaging multiple molecular species simultaneously. The flexibility of the open-framed chassis combined with accessible single-molecule, multi-species imaging technology supports a wide range of new measurements in the health, nanotechnology, and materials science research sectors.

Terahertz polarization imaging based on the continuous wave terahertz radiations

Abstract: Terahertz (THz) imaging is a hot topic in the current imaging technology. THz imaging has the advantage to penetrate most of non-metal and non-polar materials for the detection of concealed objects, while it is harmless to biological organism. Continuous wave terahertz (THz) imaging is enable to offer a safe and noninvasive imaging for the investigated objects. In this paper, THz real-time polarization imaging system is demonstrated based on the SIFIR-50 THz laser as a radiation source and a NEC Terahertz Imager as an array detector. The experimental system employs two wire grid polarizers to acquire the intensity images in four different directions. The polarization information of the measured object is obtained based on the Stokes-Mueller matrix. Imaging experiments on the currency with water mark and the hollowed-out metal ring have been done. Their polarization images are acquired and analyzed. The results show that the extracted polarization images include the valuable information which can effectively detect and recognize the different kinds of objects.

High-spatial-resolution laser spectral-pupil differential confocal mass spectrum microscopic imaging method and device

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-spatial-resolution laser spectral-pupil differential confocal mass spectrum microscopic imaging method and device and belongs to the field of confocal microscopic imaging technologies and mass spectrum imaging technologies. The spectral-pupil differential confocal microscopic imaging technology and the mass spectrum imaging technology are combined, a sample is axially focused and imaged through the focused spot of a high-spatial-resolution spectral-pupil differential confocal microscopic system, the same focused spot of the high-spatial-resolution spectral-pupil differential confocal microscopic system is utilized to desorb and ionize the sample for mass spectrum imaging, and further the high-spatial-resolution imaging of images and compositions of a micro area of the sample is realized. The method and the device can realize high-spatial-resolution mass spectrum detection and mirco-area microscopic imaging, effectively release the high-spatial-resolution potential of the spectral-pupil differential confocal system, improve the spatial resolving power of a laser mass spectrometer, and have strong resistance to stray light. The method and the device can provide a new effective technical way for biomass spectrum high-resolution imaging.

Lamination imaging technology based on pre-lighting imaging

Abstract: The invention discloses lamination imaging technology for carrying out lamination reconstruction constraint through pre-lighting imaging. The lamination imaging technology is characterized by, obtaining a formed image of a periphery image of a sample to be tested through pre-lighting as a known condition for lamination recovery; then, obtaining diffraction images of the sample to be tested and the periphery image through lamination scanning, and simultaneously substituting the diffraction images and pre-lighting images into a lamination iterative algorithm based on the pre-lighting imaging designed in the invention for processing; and finally, carrying out reconstruction to obtain a complex amplitude image of the sample to be tested. Constraint is carried out on lamination recovery through the pre-lighting imaging mode, so that recovery quality of the sample to be tested on the aspect of complex amplitude, especially on the aspect of phase, can be improved greatly, and experiment operation is simple; and compared with the conventional lamination imaging technology, the lamination imaging technology in the invention can obtain a better recovery result without extra cost. Meanwhile, the technology has obvious improvement on resistance to noise and aperture position offset.

MDCT and MR imaging of the jejunum.

Abstract: Recent refinements in cross-sectional imaging have dramatically modified the investigation of the jejunum. Improvements in multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology have made detection and characterization of jejunal abnormalities easier. Current options include MDCT and MR imaging using either enterography or enteroclysis. The goal of this pictorial review is to outline the current imaging techniques that are used to investigate the jejunum and illustrate the most common conditions that affect this small bowel segment with a specific focus on MDCT and MR imaging using enterography or enteroclysis. MR imaging used in conjunction with optimal jejunal distension appears as the modality of choice for the diagnosis of a wide range of jejunal abnormalities. MDCT remains the first line imaging modalities because of an acute presentation in a substantial number of patients.

Recent advances in the imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract: The role of imaging is crucial for the surveillance, diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over the past few years, considerable technical advances were made in imaging of HCCs. New imaging technology, however, has introduced new challenges in our clinical practice. In this article, the current status of clinical imaging techniques for HCC is addressed. The diagnostic performance of imaging techniques in the context of recent clinical guidelines is also presented.

Contrast enhancement and smoothing of CT images for diagnosis

Abstract: Medical sciences currently rely on the imaging technology and post processing of these medical images in order to diagnose the diseases. The acquisition of such images may get affected by inherent noise which can lead to false perception of the diagnostic image. To perceive these images correctly the effective image enhancement techniques are the foremost requirement to improve the quality and level of perception. In this paper we apply various image enhancement techniques on CT images. Resultant images are inspected visually by radiologists for performance evaluation. Median filter removes noise and smoothen CT images effectively and outperforms other Filtering techniques. While as adaptive histogram equalization enhances the contrast and outperforms other contrast enhancement techniques.