Imaging technology

About: Imaging technology is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1450 publications have been published within this topic receiving 26186 citations.

Coronary Artery Imaging With Flat-Panel Computed Tomography

Abstract: With the recent introduction of multirow detector systems, helical computed tomography (CT) imaging of the heart has gained renewed interest. A major benefit of such systems is that the entire human heart can be depicted in thin tomographic slices within a single breath-hold. The advent of flat-panel radiographic detectors has opened a new avenue of imaging technology research, including use of such detectors for x-ray CT. With a prototype flat-panel CT system (VCT, GE Global Research), an entire …

Prospects for Theranostics in Neurosurgical Imaging: Empowering Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Diagnostics via Deep Learning.

Abstract: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an advanced optical fluorescence imaging technology that has potential to increase intraoperative precision, extend resection, and tailor surgery for malignant invasive brain tumors because of its subcellular dimension resolution. Despite its promising diagnostic potential, interpreting the gray tone fluorescence images can be difficult for untrained users. CLE images can be distorted by motion artifacts, fluorescence signals out of detector dynamic range, or may be obscured by red blood cells, and thus interpreted as nondiagnostic (ND). However, just a single CLE image with a detectable pathognomonic histological tissue signature can suffice for intraoperative diagnosis. Dealing with the abundance of images from CLE is not unlike sifting through a myriad of genes, proteins, or other structural or metabolic markers to find something of commonality or uniqueness in cancer that might indicate a potential treatment scheme or target. In this review, we provide a detailed description of bioinformatical analysis methodology of CLE images that begins to assist the neurosurgeon and pathologist to rapidly connect on-the-fly intraoperative imaging, pathology, and surgical observation into a conclusionary system within the concept of theranostics. We present an overview and discuss deep learning models for automatic detection of the diagnostic CLE images and discuss various training regimes and ensemble modeling effect on power of deep learning predictive models. Two major approaches reviewed in this paper include the models that can automatically classify CLE images into diagnostic/ND, glioma/nonglioma, tumor/injury/normal categories, and models that can localize histological features on the CLE images using weakly supervised methods. We also briefly review advances in the deep learning approaches used for CLE image analysis in other organs. Significant advances in speed and precision of automated diagnostic frame selection would augment the diagnostic potential of CLE, improve operative workflow, and integration into brain tumor surgery. Such technology and bioinformatics analytics lend themselves to improved precision, personalization, and theranostics in brain tumor treatment.

Novel Photoacoustic Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Dual-modality Chorioretinal Imaging in Living Rabbit Eyes.

Abstract: Photoacoustic ocular imaging is an emerging ophthalmic imaging technology that can noninvasively visualize ocular tissue by converting light energy into sound waves and is currently under intensive investigation However, most reported work to date is focused on the imaging of the posterior segment of the eyes of small animals, such as rats and mice, which poses challenges for clinical human translation due to small eyeball sizes This manuscript describes a novel photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) dual-modality system for posterior segment imaging of the eyes of larger animals, such as rabbits The system configuration, system alignment, animal preparation, and dual-modality experimental protocols for in vivo, noninvasive, label-free chorioretinal imaging in rabbits are detailed The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through representative experimental results, including retinal and choroidal vasculature obtained by the PAM and OCT This manuscript provides a practical guide to reproducing the imaging results in rabbits and advancing photoacoustic ocular imaging in larger animals

Intelligent operating theater using intraoperative open-MRI.

Abstract: Malignant brain tumors vary among patients and are characterized by their irregular shapes and infiltration. Localization of functional areas in the brain also differs among patients, and excess removal of tumor near eloquent areas may increase the risk of damage of function, such as motor paresis and speech disturbance. Recent progress in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology has enabled acquisition of intraoperative images and totally changed the neurosurgery of malignant brain tumors. Before, surgeons could merely speculate about the results of surgical manipulation and have no certainty about procedure outcomes until postoperative examination. Because intraoperative MR images allow visualization of the size of residual tumor(s) and the positional relationship between the tumor(s) and eloquent areas, surgeons are now able to achieve safe and reliable surgery. As an example, positional error on preoperative MR images caused by shifting of the brain (brain shift), a long-standing annoyance for surgeons, has been resolved using intraoperative MR images for surgical navigation, allowing precise resection. Two types of open-MR imaging scanner, a 0.2- or 0.3-tesla hamburger-type scanner with a horizontal gap and a 0.12- or 0.5-tesla double doughnut-type scanner with a vertical gap, are now available in the operating theater, and 1.5-tesla bore-type scanners are available. A 3.0-tesla bore-type scanner is planned. Intraoperative MR imaging includes diffusion-tensor and diffusion-weighted imaging, which allows visualization of nerve fibers in the white matter, especially the pyramidal tract. Such images are valuable aids in the precise resection of residual lesions of malignant brain tumors near eloquent areas without injuring motor function.