Incubation

About: Incubation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5748 publications have been published within this topic receiving 126541 citations.

Depletion of substance P‐like immunoreactivity in the cat dental pulp by antidromic nerve stimulation

Abstract: Tissue levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) were determined by radioimmunoassay in incubated cat dental pulps with and without previous electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar nerve (I.A.N.). The ability of the dental pulp to degrade substance P (SP) was also studied. The pulpal SPLI levels in teeth incubated at 37 degrees C for up to 240 min immediately after removal from the jaws did not differ from those in contralateral unincubated teeth. Following I.A.N. stimulation (3-45 min at 10 V, 15 Hz and 5 ms) and subsequent incubation (30 min at 37 degrees C) of the teeth the SPLI levels in ipsilateral pulps were significantly lower (45% reduction) than those in contralateral unstimulated controls. Incubation of homogenized pulp tissue at 37 degrees C with synthetic bovine SP or 125I-Tyr8-SP led to rapid inactivation of SP, whereas similar incubation of whole blood with 125I-Tyr8-SP had little effect. Endogenous SPLI levels were also rapidly reduced (50% reduction within 3 min) in incubated pulp homogenates. Incubation at a lower temperature (22 degrees C) resulted in a somewhat reduced rate of degradation and incubation with boiled homogenates failed to inactivate SP. The results indicate that the pulp contains enzymes capable of destroying SP and that within the nerve terminals SP is stored in such a way that it is protected against degradation. The data obtained also provide further evidence for a nerve evoked release of SP.

Proliferation of antibiotic-producing bacteria and concomitant antibiotic production as the basis for the antibiotic activity of Jordan’s Red Soils.

Abstract: Anecdotes, both historical and recent, recount the curing of skin infections, including diaper rash, by using red soils from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Following inoculation of red soils isolated from geographically separate areas of Jordan, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were rapidly killed. Over the 3-week incubation period, the number of specific types of antibiotic-producing bacteria increased, and high antimicrobial activity (MIC, approximately 10 microg/ml) was observed in methanol extracts of the inoculated red soils. Antibiotic-producing microorganisms whose numbers increased during incubation included actinomycetes, Lysobacter spp., and Bacillus spp. The actinomycetes produced actinomycin C(2) and actinomycin C(3). No myxobacteria or lytic bacteriophages with activity against either M. luteus or S. aureus were detected in either soil before or after inoculation and incubation. Although protozoa and amoebae were detected in the soils, the numbers were low and did not increase over the incubation period. These results suggest that the antibiotic activity of Jordan's red soils is due to the proliferation of antibiotic-producing bacteria.

Effects of Organic Manures in Changes of Some Soil Properties at Different Incubation Periods

Abstract: A laboratory incubation experiment of 60 days was carried out to observe the changes of soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and potassium chloride extractable nitrogen () in a soil to which three animal manures viz. cow dung (CD), chicken manure (CM) and a combination of CD and CM had been applied at a rate of 10 t·ha－1. The effects of manures varied with manure type and incubation period. Soil pH slightly increased with the incubation period up to 30 days there after it declined with time significantly (p increased significantly (p contents when either chicken manure alone or cow dung and chicken manure mixed in combination. After 60 days of incubation, the highest amount of was found in cow dung plus chicken manure treated soil followed by chicken manure treatment.