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Incubation
About: Incubation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5748 publications have been published within this topic receiving 126541 citations.
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TL;DR: The present results clearly indicate that BPA is metabolically activated in terms of estrogenicity under the conditions existing only with combined rat liver microsomes and cytosol.
132 citations
TL;DR: Because incubation affected the analyte peak areas less in serum than in plasma, the results highlight the importance in choosing serum or plasma as the analytical sample and in stipulating the incubation time.
132 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrated a possible risk of tomatoes as vehicles of Salmonella spp.
131 citations
TL;DR: The authors' analysis revealed loci on Chromosomes 9 and 11 that affect prion susceptibility that are involved in prion replication and determinant of susceptibility to prion disease.
131 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that glutathione released from astroglial cells can serve as substrate for the ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase of these cells.
Abstract: The release of glutathione from astroglial cells was investigated using astroglia-rich primary cultures prepared from the brains of newborn rats. These cells release glutathione after onset of an incubation in a glucose-containing minimal medium. The amount of extracellular glutathione increased with the time of incubation, although the accumulation slowed down gradually. An elevated rate of increase of the glutathione concentration in the incubation medium was found if the astroglial ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was inhibited by acivicin. The activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in astroglia-rich primary cultures, which was found to be 1.9 ± 0.3 nmol/(min × mg protein), was markedly reduced if the cells had been incubated in the presence of acivicin. After 2 h of incubation with acivicin half-maximal and maximal inhibition of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was found at concentrations of about 5 μM and 50 μM, respectively. In the presence of acivicin at a concentration above 10 μM the glutathione content found released from astroglial cells apparently increased almost proportional to time for up to 10 h. Under these conditions the average rate of release was 2.1 ± 0.3 nmol/(h × mg protein) yielding after a 10 h incubation an extracellular glutathione content three times that of the medium of cells incubated without inhibitor. Half-maximal and maximal effects on the level of extracellular glutathione were found at 4 μM and 50 μM acivicin, respectively. After a 10 h incubation with acivicin the intracellular content of glutathione was reduced to 75% of the level of untreated astroglial cultures. These results suggest that glutathione released from astroglial cells can serve as substrate for the ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase of these cells.
131 citations