Topic
Incubation
About: Incubation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5748 publications have been published within this topic receiving 126541 citations.
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TL;DR: Hatchability of fertile eggs was 19.5% lower in eggs stored for 14 d and proportionately more embryos died between 4 d and 18 d incubation than in the non‐stored eggs, and rate of weight loss during incubation was similar in both non-stored and stored eggs.
Abstract: 1. A time‐lapse photographic technique has been developed which enables routine recording of the hatching times of up to 192 chicken embryos. 2. Storage of eggs for 14 d caused a delay of 134 h in the mean total incubation period. 3. Female embryos hatched about 3 h earlier than males in the non‐stored eggs but there was no difference between the sexes in eggs stored for 14 d. 4. Rate of weight loss during incubation was similar in both non‐stored and stored eggs: there was no relationship between weight loss at 19 d incubation and total incubation period. 5. Hatchability of fertile eggs was 19.5% lower in eggs stored for 14 d and proportionately more embryos died between 4 d and 18 d incubation than in the non‐stored eggs.
84 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the differences in behaviour resulting from light or dark exposure during the last days of incubation result from the known effects of this treatment on the organization of asymmetry in the brain and by maintaining eggs in darkness during the critical period it may be possible to reduce the proportion of young chicks which die from starvation.
84 citations
TL;DR: This review is intended more as a stimulus to future work than as an account of established conclusions—which do not, in fact, yet exist.
84 citations
TL;DR: There was a critical period for turning, from days 3 to 7 of incubation, which affected hatchability, embryo growth and utilisation of extra-embryonic fluids, and failure to turn eggs retarded formation of allantoic and amniotic fluids, restricted alumen uptake and retarded growth of the embryo.
Abstract: 1. The physiological effects of egg turning during incubation are described. 2. There was a critical period for turning, from days 3 to 7 of incubation, which affected hatchability, embryo growth and utilisation of extra-embryonic fluids. 3. Failure to turn eggs retarded formation of allantoic and amniotic fluids, restricted alumen uptake and retarded growth of the embryo, but only after day 12 of incubation.
84 citations
TL;DR: The effect of freshly added substrate on carbon turnover of a microbial population and the priming action on stabilized soil organic constituents were investigated in the laboratory as mentioned in this paper, where NH4NO3 or both were added to samples of a Brown Chernozemic soil which had been initially amended with 14C-glucose and incubated 2 months under field conditions.
Abstract: The effect of freshly added substrate on carbon turnover of a microbial population and the priming action on stabilized soil organic constituents were investigated in the laboratory. 13C-labelled glucose. NH4NO3, or both were added to samples of a Brown Chernozemic soil which had been initially amended with 14C-glucose and incubated 2 months under field conditions. At the end of 14 days laboratory incubation. 39 per cent and 33 per cent of the 13C had been respired as CO2 from the glucose and glucose plus NH4NO3 treatments, respectively. These two treatments resulted in a marked priming of native 12C during the second and third days of incubation and a second priming peak during the fifth day. In contrast, there was only a small priming action of the 14C-labelled materials. Addition of NH4NO3 by itself had no effect on the amount of 12C or 12C respired. Appreciable amounts of 14C were mineralized following treatments known to partially sterilize soil. Freezing and thawing was more effective than wetting and drying, but less effective than CHCl3 vapour in releasing stabilized 14C materials. The amount of labelled-14C mineralized during incubation after treatment with chloroform vapour was greater than could he accounted for by the decrease in soil biomass.
83 citations