scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Incubation

About: Incubation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5748 publications have been published within this topic receiving 126541 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chicks that hatched from eggs incubated at low EST during wk 1 of incubation had lower rectal temperature after hatching, especially under low housing temperatures, and this effect lasted until 7 d posthatch in batch 1, and the highest rectal temperatures were always found in chicks incubation at 37.8 degrees C EST constantly throughout incubation.

268 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Characteristics of the distribution of incubation periods of a number of infectious diseases, as reported in the literature, have been reviewed and the measure of variation in incubation period, termed the dispersion factor, is the antilogarithm of the logarithmic standard deviation.
Abstract: 1. Characteristics of the distribution of incubation periods of a number of infectious diseases, as reported in the literature, have been reviewed. 2. The usual frequency curve of incubation time takes the form of a logarithmic normal curve. This appears to be equally true of diseases with very short and very long incubation periods. 3. The measure of variation in incubation periods used in this study, termed the dispersion factor, is the antilogarithm of the logarithmic standard deviation. Dispersion factors for most of the diseases studied range from 1.2 to 1.5 and are independent of mean length of incubation. 4. Some epidemiological uses for a knowledge of the distribution of incubation time are discussed.

266 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ratios of released As to Fe from the soils were decreased with incubation time during both anaerobic incubation and abiotic dissolution by sodium ascorbate, suggesting that a larger amount of As was associated with an easily soluble fraction of Fe (hydr) oxide in amorphous phase and/or smaller particles.

262 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the increase in metal tolerance of the community after adding metals can be attributed to an immediate effect due to the death of sensitive species and a later effectDue to different competitive abilities and adaptation of surviving bacteria.
Abstract: The development of metal tolerance in soil bacterial communities exposed to different heavy metals was examined under laboratory conditions. An agricultural soil amended with different Zn concentrations was studied most intensively, and measurements were made over a 28-month incubation period by means of the thymidine incorporation technique. Tolerance levels were not affected by metal concentrations lower than 2 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight) of soil(sup-1), but above this value, the level of Zn tolerance increased exponentially with the logarithm of the soil Zn concentration. An increased metal tolerance was detected after only 2 days of Zn exposure. Thereafter, stable tolerance values were observed at different sampling times for bacterial communities exposed to up to 8 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight)(sup-1), indicating no changes in tolerance with time. The tolerance of bacterial communities exposed to 32 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight)(sup-1) increased rapidly within the second week of incubation, but then the values remained unchanged until the end of the experiment. Bacterial communities from soil contaminated with 16 mmol of Zn kg (dry weight)(sup-1) showed an increase of the same magnitude, but the increase started later, after 4 months of incubation, and took place for a much longer period (more than 1 year). Cd, Cu, and Ni addition also resulted in metal-tolerant communities, and the level of tolerance increased with prolonged incubations of the soils. The bacterial community at the end of the incubation period also exhibited a lower pH optimum and an increased tolerance to low osmotic potential. The results suggest that the increase in metal tolerance of the community after adding metals can be attributed to an immediate effect due to the death of sensitive species and a later effect due to different competitive abilities and adaptation of surviving bacteria.

260 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that current granular measures of spawning and incubation habitat quality do not satisfactorily describe the complexity of factors influencing incubation success and casts doubt over the ability of current catchment-based land use management strategies to adequately reduce fine sediment inputs.

259 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Amino acid
124.9K papers, 4M citations
83% related
Cell culture
133.3K papers, 5.3M citations
82% related
Gene expression
113.3K papers, 5.5M citations
82% related
Protein kinase A
68.4K papers, 3.9M citations
81% related
Gene
211.7K papers, 10.3M citations
81% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023688
20221,316
2021104
2020123
2019136