Topic
Indentation
About: Indentation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13002 publications have been published within this topic receiving 340476 citations.
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199 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model has been elaborated in order to simulate the different impact damage types developing during low velocity/low energy impact, including matrix cracking, fiber failure and delamination.
197 citations
TL;DR: An indentation system is developed to directly apply loads ranging from 1μN to 10 mN and to make load-displacement measurements with sub-nanometre indentation depth capability as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An indentation system is developed to directly apply loads ranging from 1μN to 10 mN and to make load–displacement measurements with subnanometre indentation depth capability. This system is used here in conjunction with a commercial atomic force microscope to provide in-situ imaging. A three-sided pyramidal (Berkovich) diamond tip has been used to obtain a load–displacement curve with residual depths of the order of 1 nm. The load–displacement data have been used to obtain indentation hardness and Young's modulus of elasticity for singlecrystal silicon and GaAs. Hardness on the nanoscales is found to be higher than that on the microscale. Ceramics exhibit significant plasticity and creep on the nanoscale.
197 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and crystal plasticity finite element analysis to examine the anisotropy in the indentation behavior of individual grains within an α-Ti polycrystal.
Abstract: This study combines nanoindentation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and crystal plasticity finite element analysis to examine the anisotropy in the indentation behaviour of individual grains within an α-Ti polycrystal. Nanoindentation is utilized to mechanically probe small volumes of material within grains for which orientations are known from prior EBSD mapping. Both indentation modulus and hardness decrease significantly as the indentation axis is inclined further from the c -axis; the plastic response showing the more marked anisotropy. Recently developed high angular resolution EBSD has been utilized to examine selected indents, providing maps of elastic strain variations and lattice rotations. From such maps lower bound solutions for the density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) have been established. Crystal plasticity modelling showed promise in capturing correctly the orientation dependence of load–displacement response and in lattice rotations local to the indenter, particularly for indentation into a basal plane which generated threefold rotational symmetry about an axis parallel with the indentation direction which was also observed in experiments.
197 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: The microindenter has proven to be a powerful device in the characterization of the mechanical properties of thin films as discussed by the authors, which allows for other mechanical properties, in addition to hardness, to be acquired.
Abstract: The microindenter has proven to be a powerful device in the characterization of the mechanical properties of thin films. The machine has both high resolution in the applied load and penetration depth measurements, as well as the versatility to perform different types of testing. The former provides the capability to deal with extremely thin films, while the latter allows for other mechanical properties, in addition to hardness, to be acquired. Four types of tests, namely indentation, scratch, load relaxation, and indentation fatigue tests can currently be conducted using the microindenter via different operating procedures. Only the scratch and load relaxation techniques will be covered in this paper. In a microscratch test, the normal load, tangential load, scratch length, and acoustic emission are monitored simultaneously during an entire scratch process for the purposes of measuring the critical load and studying the failure mechanisms of the deposited films. The adhesion strength, scratch hardness, fracture toughness, and friction are the mechanical properties which are possible to obtain by using this technique. Results from aluminum, carbon, and zirconia coatings will be discussed. The load relaxation test provides information on the creep properties of the films and results in an empirical constitutive relation between the applied stress and plastic strain rate. The creep properties of DC sputtered Al films will be used as an illustration of this.
197 citations