Indium tin oxide

About: Indium tin oxide is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17857 publications have been published within this topic receiving 402127 citations. The topic is also known as: indium tin oxide.

Influence of the hole transport layer on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract: We investigate the influence of the hole-transporting layer (HTL) on the performance of bilayer vapor-deposited organic light-emitting diodes. Three different HTL materials were used: m-MTDATA, triphenyl-diamine, and naphthyl-phenyl-diamine. In all cases, Alq3 was the electron-transporting layer (ETL). We measure and compare the current density-voltage (J–V) and luminance–voltage (L–V) characteristics of these devices and we conclude that the operating voltage is controlled by the type of HTL used and the nature of the hole-injecting indium tin oxide/HTL interface. We found that the device quantum efficiency depends not only on the electron transport characteristics of the ETL but also on the energetics of the HTL/ETL interface. Analysis of the J–V characteristics suggests that current flow in bilayer devices cannot be described sufficiently by a single carrier theory; both hole and electron currents should be considered.

FTO/ITO double-layered transparent conductive oxide for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract: New transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films coated on indium–tin oxide (ITO) films, were developed for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). These transparent conductive films were prepared by a spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) method at a substrate temperature of 350 °C in ITO and 400 °C in FTO. For ITO deposition, an ethanol solution of indium(III) chloride, InCl 3 ·4H 2 O, and tin(II) chloride, SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O (Sn/(In+Sn), 5 at.%) was sprayed on a TEMPAX #8330 glass substrate (100×100×1.1 mm 3 ). After the deposition of ITO, FTO films were consecutively deposited for protecting oxidation of ITO films. FTO deposition was carried out by an ethanol solution of tin(IV) chloride, SnCl 4 ·5H 2 O within the saturated water solution of NH 4 F. These films achieved the lowest resistivity of 1.4×10 −4 Ω cm and the optical transmittance of more than 80% in the visible range of the spectrum. The electrical resistance of these films increased by less than 10% even though exposed to high temperatures of 300–600 °C for 1 h in the air. The DSC composed of the films were fabricated to confirm their availability. The films were of large size, 100×100 mm 2 . The DSC were made by conventional method. As a result, energy conversion efficiency of η =3.7% was obtained.

Rational wiring of photosystem II to hierarchical indium tin oxide electrodes using redox polymers

Abstract: Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit enzyme responsible for solar-driven water oxidation to release O2 and highly reducing electrons during photosynthesis. The study of PSII in protein film photoelectrochemistry sheds light into its biological function and provides a blueprint for artificial water-splitting systems. However, the integration of macromolecules, such as PSII, into hybrid bio-electrodes is often plagued by poor electrical wiring between the protein guest and the material host. Here, we report a new benchmark PSII–electrode system that combines the efficient wiring afforded by redox-active polymers with the high loading provided by hierarchically-structured inverse opal indium tin oxide (IO-ITO) electrodes. Compared to flat electrodes, the hierarchical IO-ITO electrodes enabled up to an approximately 50-fold increase in the immobilisation of an Os complex-modified and a phenothiazine-modified polymer. When the Os complex-modified polymer is co-adsorbed with PSII on the hierarchical electrodes, photocurrent densities of up to ∼410 μA cm−2 at 0.5 V vs. SHE were observed in the absence of diffusional mediators, demonstrating a substantially improved wiring of PSII to the IO-ITO electrode with the redox polymer. The high photocurrent density allowed for the quantification of O2 evolution, and a Faradaic efficiency of 85 ± 9% was measured. As such, we have demonstrated a high performing and fully integrated host–guest system with excellent electronic wiring and loading capacity. This assembly strategy may form the basis of all-integrated electrode designs for a wide range of biological and synthetic catalysts.

Transparent film heaters using multi-walled carbon nanotube sheets

Abstract: This paper presents carbon nanotubes (CNTs) used as transparent heaters, which offer great advantages in miniaturization, high efficiency, low power consumption, and rapid response. Previously proposed transparent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based heaters used to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) heaters were fabricated either by dielectrophoresis or the piece-wise alignment of read-out electronics around randomly dispersed CNTs. These methods require steps for purification, separation, and dispersion in a liquid or polymer in order to improve their electrical and optical properties. We studied a transparent film used for heating, fabricated by employing a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sheet. The sheet was made from a super-aligned MWCNT forest; the heater was fabricated by direct coating onto a glass substrate. The characteristics of the MWCNT sheet, i.e. a high transmittance of ∼90% and a sheet resistance of ∼756 Ω/sq, are comparable to previously reported SWCNT-based transparent films. These properties are directly applicable to applications such as window tinting and defrosters in production vehicles.