Indium tin oxide

About: Indium tin oxide is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17857 publications have been published within this topic receiving 402127 citations. The topic is also known as: indium tin oxide.

A highly flexible transparent conductive electrode based on nanomaterials

Abstract: The electrical, optical, thermal, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics of a highly flexible transparent conductive electrode (HFTCE) coating based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) were investigated under various conditions. The motivation was to develop a highly durable and flexible film for transparent conductive electrode applications. The overall characteristics of multilayers based on rGO, CNTs and AgNWs were found to be much better than those of the single-layer AgNW coating. The rGO and CNT layers served to protect the AgNW layer from damage due to bending and contact sliding motions. The contact pressure and bending stress were effectively distributed by the CNT layer deposited on top of the AgNW layer due to its spring-like behavior. In addition, the shear force from the friction force was reduced by the rGO top layer, which acted as a solid lubricant. Furthermore, the excellent performance of an HFTCE heater based on the rGO/CNT/AgNW coating was demonstrated by the results of a defrosting test. Spraying graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes onto silver nanowire films enhances the flexibility and durability of see-through electrodes. Conventional transparent electrodes, such as indium tin oxide, are made from rigid crystals that are unsuitable for today's increasingly wearable electronic displays. Now, a team led by Dae-Eun Kim at Yonsei University and Young-Jei Oh at KIST, Korea, has detailed a way to optimize conductivity and mechanical properties in promising replacements based on carbon-metal composites. A multifaceted series of experiments revealed that carbon nanotubes added spring-like stress resistance when deposited on transparent silver nanowire films, and a finishing coating of reduced graphene oxide helped lock the nanowires in place and provided lubrication against friction. As a demonstration, the researchers turned the new three-layer electrode into a transparent heater that could selectively remove frost in patterned regions, even after repeated bending. Highly flexible transparent conductive electrode (HFTCE) heater with multilayer structure based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotube (CNT) and silver nanowire (AgNW). The electrical, chemical, thermal, mechanical and tribological characteristics of the HFTCE heater based on rGO/CNT/AgNW are vastly superior to those of the single layer of AgNW coating. The rGO- and CNT-based layers effectively protect AgNW against contact sliding motion as well as bending/folding. The layers are designed to reduce shear stress induced by friction and distribute the contact pressure. The HFTCE based on rGO, CNT and AgNW was applied to a heater, verifying its outstanding ability to remove frost.

Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cell With Sputtered Front and Rear Electrodes for a Four-Terminal Tandem

Abstract: A tandem configuration of perovskite and silicon solar cells is a promising way to achieve high-efficiency solar energy conversion at low cost. Four-terminal tandems, in which each cell is connected independently, avoid the need for current matching between the top and bottom cells, giving greater design flexibility. In a four-terminal tandem, the perovskite top cell requires two transparent contacts. Through detailed analysis of electrical and optical power losses, we identify optimum contact parameters and outline directions for the development of future transparent contacts for tandem cells. A semitransparent perovskite cell is fabricated with steady-state efficiency exceeding 12% and broadband near infrared transmittance of >80% using optimized sputtered indium tin oxide front and rear contacts. Our semitransparent cell exhibits much less hysteresis than opaque reference cells. A four-terminal perovskite on silicon tandem efficiency of more than 20% is achieved, and we identify clear pathways to exceed the current single silicon cell record of 25.6%.

Active-layer evolution and efficiency improvement of (CH 3 NH 3 3 Bi 2 I 9 -based solar cell on TiO 2 -deposited ITO substrate

Abstract: We systematically investigated the development of film morphology and crystallinity of methyl-ammonium bismuth (III) iodide (MA3Bi2I9) through onestep spin-coating on TiO2-deposited indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass. The precursor solution concentration and substrate structure have been demonstrated to be critically important in the active-layer evolution of the MA3Bi2I9-based solar cell. This work successfully improved the cell efficiency to 0.42% (average: 0.38%) with the mesoscopic architecture of ITO/compact-TiO2/mesoscopic-TiO2 (meso-TiO2)/MA3Bi2I9/2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′spiro-bifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD)/MoO3/Ag under a precursor concentration of 0.45 M, which provided the probability of further improving the efficiency of the Bi3+-based lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells.

Three-dimensional electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells: synthesis of indium-tin-oxide nanowire arrays and ITO/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays by electrophoretic deposition.

Abstract: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) show promise as a cheaper alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics for specialized applications, provided conversion efficiency can be maximized and production costs minimized. This study demonstrates that arrays of nanowires can be formed by wet-chemical methods for use as three-dimensional (3D) electrodes in DSSCs, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. Two approaches were employed to create the arrays of ITO (indium–tin-oxide) nanowires or arrays of ITO/TiO2 core–shell nanowires; both methods were based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) within a polycarbonate template. The 3D electrodes for solar cells were constructed by using a doctor-blade for coating TiO2 layers onto the ITO or ITO/TiO2 nanowire arrays. A photoelectric conversion efficiency as high as 4.3% was achieved in the DSSCs made from ITO nanowires; this performance was better than that of ITO/TiO2 core–shell nanowires or pristine TiO2 films. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the reaction current was significantly enhanced when a 3D ITO-nanowire electrode was used. Better separation of charge carriers and improved charge transport, due to the enlarged interfacial area, are thought to be the major advantages of using 3D nanowire electrodes for the optimization of DSSCs.