Indium tin oxide

About: Indium tin oxide is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17857 publications have been published within this topic receiving 402127 citations. The topic is also known as: indium tin oxide.

Efficient Flexible Solar Cell based on Composition-Tailored Hybrid Perovskite.

Abstract: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) are new photoactive layer candidates for lightweight and flexible solar cells due to their low-temperature process capability; however, the reported efficiency of flexible OIHP devices is far behind those achieved on rigid glass substrates. Here, it is revealed that the limiting factor is the different perovskite film deposition conditions required to form the same film morphology on flexible substrates. An optimized perovskite film composition needs a different precursor ratio, which is found to be essential for the formation of high-quality perovskite films with longer radiative carrier recombination lifetime, smaller density of trap states, reduced precursor residue, and uniform and pin-hole free films. A record efficiency of 18.1% is achieved for the flexible perovskite solar-cell devices made on an indium tin oxide/poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate via a low temperature (≤100 °C) solution process.

Oxide contacts in organic photovoltaics: characterization and control of near-surface composition in indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes.

Abstract: The recent improvements in the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) promise to make these technologies increasingly attractive alternatives to more established photovoltaic technologies. OPVs typically consist of photoactive layers 20-100 nm thick sandwiched between both transparent oxide and metallic electrical contacts. Ideal OPVs rely on ohmic top and bottom contacts to harvest photogenerated charges without compromising the power conversion efficiency of the OPV. Unfortunately, the electrical contact materials (metals and metal oxides) and the active organic layers in OPVs are often incompatible and may be poorly optimized for harvesting photogenerated charges. Therefore, further optimization of the chemical and physical stabilities of these metal oxide materials with organic materials will be an essential component of the development of OPV technologies. The energetic and kinetic barriers to charge injection/collection must be minimized to maximize OPV power conversion efficiencies. In this Account, we review recent studies of one of the most common transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), indium-tin oxide (ITO), which is the transparent bottom contact in many OPV technologies. These studies of the surface chemistry and surface modification of ITO are also applicable to other TCO materials. Clean, freshly deposited ITO is intrinsically reactive toward H(2)O, CO, CO(2), etc. and is often chemically and electrically heterogeneous in the near-surface region. Conductive-tip atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) studies reveal significant spatial variability in electrical properties. We describe the use of acid activation, small-molecule chemisorption, and electrodeposition of conducting polymer films to tune the surface free energy, the effective work function, and electrochemical reactivity of ITO surfaces. Certain electrodeposited poly(thiophenes) show their own photovoltaic activity or can be used as electronically tunable substrates for other photoactive layers. For certain photoactive donor layers (phthalocyanines), we have used the polarity of the oxide surface to accelerate dewetting and "nanotexturing" of the donor layer to enhance OPV performance. These complex surface chemistries will make oxide/organic interfaces one of the key focal points for research in new OPV technologies.

Preparation and characterization of self-assembled monolayers on indium tin oxide

Abstract: Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules, alkanethiols CH3(CH2)nSH (n = 15, 17), carboxylic acids CH3(CH2)nCOOH (n = 16, 18) and bifunctional SH(CH2)15COOH on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces was investigated by X-ray photoelectron and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. These molecules were found to form homogeneous, well-oriented monolayers on ITO. XPS indicates that at low coverages, thiol molecules adsorb as thiolates, whereas at saturation coverage ∼30% of the molecules adsorb as unbound thiols. From NEXAFS, we determined average alkyl chain tilts of 33° for thiol from the neat liquid, 44° for thiols prepared via CVD, 38° for carboxylic acids from hexadecane, and 43° for COOH(CH2)15SH from ethanol. Adsorption from a mixed hexadecane solution results in a preferred adsorption of carboxylic acids over thiol. Thus, COOH(CH2)15SH is found to bind to ITO via the carboxylic acids, forming a thiol-terminated SAM.

High efficiency visible electroluminescence from silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride using a transparent doping layer

Abstract: We have fabricated light-emitting diodes with a transparent doping layer on silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) embeded in silicon nitride matrix formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Under forward biased condition, orange electroluminescence (EL) with its peak wavelength at about 600 nm was observed at room temperature. The peak position of the EL is very similar to that of the photoluminescence (PL) and the emitted EL intensity is proportional to the current density passing through the device. We suggest that the observed EL is originated from electron-hole pair recombination in nc-Si. By using indium tin oxide and n-type SiC layer combination as a transparent doping layer, we obtained high external quantum efficiency greater than 1.6%.