Indium tin oxide

About: Indium tin oxide is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17857 publications have been published within this topic receiving 402127 citations. The topic is also known as: indium tin oxide.

GaN-based light-emitting diodes with indium tin oxide texturing window layers using natural lithography

Abstract: There is a significant gap between the internal and external efficiencies of conventional GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The reason for this shortfall is the narrow escape cone for light in high refractive index semiconductors. In this letter, the p-side-up GaN∕sapphire LEDs with surface textured indium tin oxide (ITO) widow layers were investigated using natural lithography with polystyrene spheres as the etching mask. Under optimum etching conditions, the surface roughness of the ITO film can reach 140 nm while the polystyrene sphere on the textured ITO surface is maintained at about 250–300 nm in diameter. The output power of the ITO∕GaN LED with and without surface texturing is 10.9, and 8.5 mW at 20 mA, respectively. The LEDs fabricated using the surface-textured ITO produced an output power that exceeded that of the planar-surface LED by about 28% at 20 mA.

Electromechanical Properties of Transparent Conducting Substrates for Flexible Electronic Displays

Abstract: As opto-electronic devices become flexible, the designing of reliable devices becomes more challenging. In this paper, we focus on the degradation of flexible transparent anodes by mechanical and thermal stresses. Indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) is susceptible to cracking at low strains (<2%), but has excellent electrical and optical characteristics. Conducting polymers, such as polyethylene dioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), have good mechanical properties, but are severely degraded by temperature, and have inferior optical and electronic properties. We have developed a mandrel-bending automated test system to evaluate the degradation of flexible anodes in service, and find that even when the strain is below the virgin cracking threshold, there are measurable changes in ITO resistance. Cyclic loading of ITO-coated PET shows three regimes of resistance increase: 1) an increase in resistance, due to changes in sample dimension until equilibrium width is obtained (50-100 cycles); 2) a gradual linear increase in resistance, possibly due to cracking of ITO; and 3) a catastrophic failure after 50 000 cycles due to severe cracking. For PEDOT:PSS-coated PET, the resistance does not increase significantly with increasing tensile strain, and it is also less susceptible to damage from repeated bending.

Fast switching electrochromic display using a viologen-modified ZnO nanowire array electrode.

Abstract: We report an electrochromic (EC) display using a viologen-modified ZnO nanowire array as the EC electrode. The ZnO nanowire array was grown directly on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass by a low temperature aqueous thermal decomposition method and then modified with viologen molecules. The ZnO nanowire electrochromic device shows fast switching time (170 and 142 ms for coloration and bleaching respectively for a 1 cm (2) cell), high coloration efficiency (196 C (-1) cm (2)) and good stability. The improved performance of the ZnO nanowires EC device can be attributed to the large surface area and high crystalline and good electron transport properties of the ZnO nanowire array.

PDMS-based triboelectric and transparent nanogenerators with ZnO nanorod arrays.

Abstract: Vertically-grown ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as a top electrode of nanogenerators, were investigated for the antireflective property as well as an efficient contact surface in bare polydimethysiloxane (PDMS)-based triboelectric nanogenerators. Compared to conventional ITO-coated PET (i.e., ITO/PET), the ZnO NRAs considerably suppressed the reflectance from 20 to 9.7% at wavelengths of 300–1100 nm, creating a highly transparent top electrode, as demonstrated by theoretical analysis. Also, the interval time between the peaks of generated output voltage under external pushing forces was significantly decreased from 1.84 to 0.19 s because the reduced contact area of the PDMS by discrete surfaces of the ZnO NRAs on ITO/PET causes a rapid sequence for triboelectric charge generation process including rubbing and separating. Therefore, the use of this top electrode enabled to operate the transparent PDMS-based triboelectric nanogenerator at high fr...