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Showing papers on "Inductor published in 1991"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the possibility of dissipating mechanical energy with piezoelectric material shunted with passive electrical circuits, and derived the effective mechanical impedance for the piezolectric element shunted by an arbitrary circuit.

1,685 citations


Patent
16 Dec 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a circuit is provided for generating a current that is a harmonic of the frequency of the utility system and which is of a selected amplitude and phase to reduce the total harmonic distortion of a system that converts alternating current to direct current, or vice versa.
Abstract: A circuit is provided for generating a current that is a harmonic of the frequency of the utility system and which is of a selected amplitude and phase to reduce the total harmonic distortion of a system that converts alternating current to direct current, or vice versa. The DC signal is sampled and by controlling switches, a sinusoidal current at the desired harmonic is generated, and is provided to impedance network that injects this current into the multiphase AC system used by the utility in a very low cost, easily controlled, and highly effective manner. The impedance network comprises a single inductor and capacitance connected in series through each of the phases of the utility, with the current signal having an amplitude that is selected to substantially eliminate harmonics which cause high distortion of the utility signal.

138 citations


Patent
06 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a piecewise-polynomial analog computer (AC) is used to compute power transistor on-times in accordance with separate polynomial transfer functions for power factor correction and peak current linking using as inputs current representations of line input voltage (VLN), load output voltage (VLD), and long-term current demand (VCD).
Abstract: A PFC controller (FIG. 5) provides power factor correction and peak current limiting for a switch-mode power converter of any topology (buck, boost or buck-boost), without having to directly sense inductor current. The PFC control technique involves using a piecewise-polynomial analog computer (AC) to compute power transistor on-times in accordance with separate polynomial transfer functions for power-factor control and peak-current-linking using as inputs current representations of line input voltage (VLN), load output voltage (VLD), and long-term current demand (VCD). A conduction cycle is initiated by sensing when the rate of change in the inductor current reaches zero using an auxiliary winding on the current storage inductor (Wzd), and terminated after the computed on-time to implement either power-factor control or peak-current-limiting.

132 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
W. Roshen1
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for computing high-frequency ferrite core losses in the magnetic component for arbitrary voltage waveforms is presented, which requires only a few material parameters as input.
Abstract: A practical method is presented for computing high-frequency ferrite core losses in the magnetic component for arbitrary voltage waveforms. The model presented requires only a few material parameters as input. To calculate ferrite hysteresis losses, a model based on empirical rules is employed. For high-frequency eddy current losses, a built phenomenon is assumed. It is demonstrated that the hysteresis model reproduces all of the important known features of the soft ferrites. These features include hysteresis loop shapes for low- and high-field excitations, the nonlinear permeability behavior, and hysteresis loss dependence on the amplitude of the exciting field. It is found that the total calculated core loss as a function of frequency and flux density correctly describes the observed soft ferrite behavior. The theoretical results are compared with available data for two commercial ferrites, and good agreement is found up to fairly high frequencies ( approximately 500 kHz). >

128 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A transformer model which consists of a nonlinear core with hysteresis and multiple windings is described as implemented in DSPICE and the nonlinear behavior of the new model is described by continuous piecewise-hyperbolic functions characterized by three parameters.
Abstract: A transformer model which consists of a nonlinear core with hysteresis and multiple windings is described as implemented in DSPICE. In contrast to previous implementations, the nonlinear behavior of the new model is described by continuous piecewise-hyperbolic functions characterized by three parameters. These parameters are the same as parameters previously published in the literature. A loop-traversing algorithm has been implemented which avoids discontinuities and eliminates both nonconvergence problems and the occurrence of erroneous voltage spikes during time-domain simulation. In the large-signal time-domain analysis the frequency-dependent eddy current losses in the core and wire losses are modeled. Additional effects, such as wire skin effect and temperature dependence, are also included. In the small-signal AC analysis the transformer is modeled as frequency-dependent lossy mutual inductors. For both analyses, the air gap and the elated fringe field effect are modeled by extending the magnetic path length of the core appropriately. >

124 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jun 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the saturable inductor is employed in the full-bridge (FB) zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) PWM converter to improve its performance.
Abstract: The saturable inductor is employed in the full-bridge (FB) zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converter to improve its performance. The current and voltage stresses of the switches as well as parasitic oscillations are significantly reduced compared to those of the conventional FB-ZVS-PWM converter. The theoretical analysis is presented and is verified on a 500 kHz, 5 V/40 A converter. >

107 citations


Patent
24 Oct 1991
TL;DR: An induction heating device for heating electrically-conducting material to temperatures of up to at least 300°C is described in this paper, where magnetic flux concentrator tubes of electricallyconductive material are disposed about the coil and close to the core embedded in a thermo-conductive electrically insulating material.
Abstract: An induction heating device for heating electrically-conducting material to temperatures of up to at least 300° C. The device comprises an open core of ferrite material. A coil of Litz wire is wound around the core. A power source is connected across the coil to produce an excitation current in the coil, within a frequency range from 12 to 25 kHz, to generate a variable magnetic field when energized. Magnetic flux concentrator tubes of electrically-conductive material are disposed about the coil and close to the core embedded in a thermo-conductive electrically-insulating, material in the intend of maximizing the useful flux. A cooling fluid circulates through the concentrator tubes for cooling the tubes, the core and the coil. An induction zone is defined by said magnetic field generated between the opposed poles of the core and penetrating at the surface of the body to be heated. The body is heated by the eddy currents generated by the variable magnetic field on the surface.

103 citations


Patent
04 Sep 1991
TL;DR: A transformer or coupled inductor with any arbitrary turns ratio (for example, non-integral) has primary and secondary windings interleaved on the same winding layer, preferably around a magnetically permeable or an air core, which is capable of giving optimum magnetic coupling, minimum leakage fields and negligible proximity effect losses.
Abstract: A transformer or coupled inductor with any arbitrary turns ratio (for example, non-integral), and optionally with multiple secondary windings, has primary and secondary windings interleaved on the same winding layer, preferably around a magnetically permeable or an air core. This is capable of giving optimum magnetic coupling, minimum leakage fields and negligible proximity effect losses. The electrical turns ratio is determined by series or parallel, or combination series-parallel, connections of the physical turns of each winding.

85 citations


Patent
10 May 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for controlling a power converter and an associated auxiliary commutation circuit ensures soft-switching of all switching devices employed therein, where the gating and conduction times of the main and auxiliary switching devices are controlled to add boosting energy to the resonant operation.
Abstract: A method for controlling a power converter and an associated auxiliary commutation circuit ensures soft-switching of all switching devices employed therein. Such a power converter includes an inverter with at least two main switching devices per phase. Across each main switching device are connected an antiparallel diode and a relatively large snubber capacitor. The auxiliary resonant commutation circuit comprises two antiparallel-coupled auxiliary switching devices coupled in series with a resonant circuit including an inductor and the snubber capacitors. The gating and conduction times of the main and auxiliary switching devices are controlled so as to add boosting energy to the resonant operation, thus ensuring that the inverter output voltage at least reaches the positive and negative inverter rail voltages during each resonant commutation cycle. As a result, the control achieves commutation of the converter pole with substantially no switching losses.

78 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
12 Aug 1991
TL;DR: The role of leakage inductance in filter performance and current handling is discussed in this article, where a model which enables the designer to predict the leakage induction of the common mode choke is presented.
Abstract: The role of leakage inductance in filter performance and current handling is discussed. It is demonstrated that leakage inductance is desirable. The underlying physics for the common mode (CM) inductor are reviewed. A model which enables the designer to predict the leakage inductance of the CM choke is presented. Experimental data and practical applications are presented. A core selection methodology which incorporates leakage inductance criteria has been defined. Example predictions are demonstrated. >

76 citations


Patent
21 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a thin film magnetic head is provided with auxiliary magnetic head gaps (g1, g2), respectively, in portions of the first closed magnetic path other than the portion including the magnetic head gap.
Abstract: A thin film magnetic head comprises a thin film magnetic core (22) provided with a magnetic head gap (g), forming part of a first closed magnetic path and extended substantially in parallel to an air bearing surface (39) to be disposed opposite to the surface of a magnetic recording medium, a head coil (9) magnetically coupled with the first closed magnetic path, and a magnetoresistance-effect element (13) forming a second closed magnetic path magnetically coupled with a portion of the first closed magnetic path including the magnetic head gap. The thin film magnetic head is provided with auxiliary magnetic head gaps (g1, g2), respectively, in portions of the first closed magnetic path other than the portion including the magnetic head gap. The portions of the first closed magnetic path provided with the auxiliary magnetic head gaps have comparatively high magnetic resistances, so that the distribution of magnetic flux to the magnetoresistance-effect element can be regulated to improve the reproducing efficiency of the magnetoresistance-effect element.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jun 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a converter topology referred to as true pulsewidth modulated zero-voltage switching pole with very low additional RMS current stress is presented, which is suitable for high-power and high-frequency converters, for UPS and electric drives applications.
Abstract: A converter topology referred to as true pulsewidth modulated zero-voltage switching pole with very low additional RMS current stress is presented The main switches are turned on and off at zero-voltage without overvoltage stress, from non-load up to full-load It is regulated by the conventional PWM Auxiliary devices, such as diodes, transistors, inductors, and autotransformers, are employed, but rated at very low RMS current, leading to high efficiency and compactness Analysis, design, simulation, and experimental results are provided The converter is suitable for high-power and high-frequency converters, for UPS and electric drives applications >

Patent
03 Dec 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a pickup inductor has a switching circuit, including a zero-crossing trigger circuit, a current limiting inductor, and a bleed resistor for fast switching, desirable for closed loop control of the inductive energy transfer system.
Abstract: An inductive energization system for moving vehicles includes wayside inductors under the roadway and pickup inductor circuits in electrically powered vehicles. A pickup power controller has a switching circuit, including a zero-crossing trigger circuit, a current limiting inductor, and a bleed resistor. The controller provides for fast switching, desirable for closed loop control of the inductive energy transfer system, as well as low harmonic distortion of waveforms, low acoustic noise, and low maintenance requirements. The pickup inductor of the preferred embodiment has rigid metal conductors bonded together into a single member, allowing this element to serve as both a current carrying element as well as a primary structural member of the pickup inductor. The roadway inductor is split into many segments. Sensors in the roadway detect when vehicles requiring power are present, and a wayside inductor segment controller responds to the sensory signals by energizing only those wayside inductor segments needed to transfer power to such vehicles. This control methodology improves the energy efficiency of the system. In addition, the roadway sensors can be designed to detect identification signals broadcast by vehicle identification transmitters, thereby enabling the system to charge for energy usage by each vehicle.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined thin film inductors with meander coils or spiral coils and found that the capacitance between conductor and magnetic film is very significant and needs special consideration.
Abstract: Thin film inductors with meander coils or spiral coils were examined systematically. The minimum line spacing of the inductors was 1.5 mu m. In case of air core inductors, both inductance and stray capacitance were calculated from the dimension of the inductors, and they agreed well with measured values. With the application of a magnetic thin film, the inductance is increased and the degree of increase was proportional to the length of the coil. It is found that the capacitance between conductor and magnetic film is very significant and needs special consideration. >

Patent
Praveen Jain1
31 Oct 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the bridged chopper has at least two semiconductor switches which alternately conduct, and the duty cycles of the switches are complementary with one another and adjustable to control the stable DC output.
Abstract: New topologies for pulse width modulated resonant DC/DC converters are disclosed. The converters include a bridged chopper to convert the DC input to a high frequency AC which in turn is fed to a high frequency transformer whose secondary AC is rectified and filtered to produce a stable DC output. The bridged chopper has at least two semiconductor switches which alternately conduct. The duty cycles of the conduction of the switches are complementary with one another and adjustable to control the stable DC output. A resonant circuit is connected between the chopper and the high frequency transformer and contains a series capacitor, and a series or parallel inductor depending upon the preferred embodiment.

Patent
27 Dec 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated circuit inductor is disclosed which can be fabricated by adding simple follow-on steps to standard fabrication line processes to achieve an inductance on the order of 10 nH.
Abstract: An integrated circuit inductor is disclosed which can be fabricated by adding simple follow-on steps to standard fabrication line processes. In a preferred embodiment, standard CMOS technology is used to fabricate a multi-turn coil having its axis normal to the layers of oxide, polysilicon, and metal which form the coil. For a coil 100 microns on a side, an inductance on the order of 10 nH can be achieved. By including a magnetic core in the design using the disclosed procedure, this value can be increased to as high as 0.1 mH. Thus, inductor values ranging from 0.001 mH-0.1 mH can be physically implemented as integrated, highly-miniaturized CMOS designs for analog operation in the range of approximately 1-100 MHz.

Patent
09 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a triple-tuned probe for magnetic resonance imaging or spectroscopy is presented, in which a driving inductor is separately coupled to two or more trap inductors.
Abstract: A multiply-tuned probe for magnetic resonance imaging or spectroscopy in which a driving inductor is separately coupled to two or more trap inductors. The impedance match at each frequency is adjusted independently of the impedance match at the other frequencies and independent of the tuning by using a novel coil geometry with no overcoupling. In a preferred embodiment, a triple-tuned probe has a first inductor L1 disposed in a first plane and tuned to a first resonant frequency and a second inductor L2 disposed in a second plane parallel to the first plane and tuned to a second resonant frequency. A driving and receiving primary inductor Lp is disposed in a third plane parallel to the first and second planes and placed with respect to the first and second inductors L1 and L2 such that mutual inductance between L1 and Lp in between L2 and Lp is adjustable in accordance with the positions of the inductors L1, L2 and Lp. A sample surface inductor Ls tuned to a third resonant frequency provides the third frequency. Mutual inductance between L1 and Lp in between L2 and Lp is changed by repositioning the inductors L1, L2 and Lp to vary the amount of overlap between the cross-sections of the primary inductor Lp and the circular coils L1, L2 and the distances between inductors L1 and Lp and between inductors L2 and Lp. Since each inductive coupling adds another variable to the probe circuit, more and easier ways are provided for adjusting the tuning and impedance matching.

Patent
12 Apr 1991
TL;DR: Energy efficiency of electric motors and transformer, inductor and ballast apparatus is increased through use of amorphous ferromagnetic materials and thin section electrical steels by methods using folding of lamination stock, forming of lamin stock after folding or punching, and stacking to form substantially solid flux-conducting structures as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Energy efficiency of electric motors and transformer, inductor and ballast apparatus is increased through use of amorphous ferromagnetic materials and thin section electrical steels by methods using folding of lamination stock, forming of lamination stock after folding or punching, and stacking to form substantially solid flux-conducting structures. Such apparatus may employ multiple ferromagnetic materials to conduct major portions of the magnetic flux in the apparatus magnetic circuit. Apparatus is also described in which magnetic and mechanical support functions reside in differing ferromagnetic or structural plastic materials in composite structures.

Patent
11 Oct 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a post regulation of auxiliary outputs in multiple output-power supplied is provided by connecting a regulating switching device in parallel with a filter inductor connected in the current path from the rectifiers to the output terminal.
Abstract: High efficiency, post regulation of auxiliary outputs in multiple output-power supplied is provided by connecting a regulating switching device in parallel with a filter inductor connected in the current path from the rectifiers to the output terminal. For minimum output power for that auxiliary output, the switching device is held off at all times. When increased power is required, the switching device is turned on for a short period during each cycle of the inductor voltage. The switching system may be configured to conduct current from the output end of the inductor to the input end of the inductor or vice versa or either one selectively, in accordance with the particular regulation scheme chosen. Efficiency is maximized since current flows in the switching device for only a small portion of each cycle of the inductor voltage.

Patent
12 Apr 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a high power high energy distributorless ignition system for multicylinder internal combustion engines using a single energy storage capacitor (4), a single leakage resonating inductor (20) with a switch SS partially or entirely across it, and one or more coils Ti with bi-directional switches Si and with single or double hith voltage outputs was presented.
Abstract: A high power high energy distributorless ignition system for multicylinder internal combustion engines using a single energy storage capacitor (4), a single leakage resonating inductor (20) with a switch SS partially or entirely across it, and one or more coils Ti with bi-directional switches Si and with single or double hith voltage outputs, the system defining a compact coil assembly powered by a resonant converter power supply (12), the ignition power delivery controlled by means of circuitry based on a robust gate (17), an oscillator (19), and steering circuitry (21).

Patent
24 Sep 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a bootstrap circuit that operates in combination with switchmode DC to DC converter topologies that are based on forward (10), half-bridge/full-bridge (40), and flyback (60) configurations.
Abstract: A bootstrap circuit that operates in combination with switchmode DC to DC converter topologies that are based on forward (10), half-bridge/full-bridge (40) and flyback (60) configurations. Each configuration consists of an output circuit (18) and a bootstrap modified input circuit (12) that further consists of a bootstrap circuit (14) and a converter input circuit (16). The bootstrap function is achieved by charging a bootstrap inductor (L1) from current derived from the input voltage source and subsequently discharging the inductor through a bootstrap capacitor (C1) where an augmented voltage that is higher than the input voltage is developed. The converter then operates from the augmented voltage rather than from the input voltage. Thus, the invention is able to provide a constant output when operated over a wide-input voltage range while at the same time reducing the voltage stresses on the converter's primary switches and output rectifiers. Furthermore, reduction of input RF noise is accomplished by judicious choice of size and location of the bootstrap capacitor C1.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
24 Jun 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, two existing and two improved inductor design concepts are studied, and it is shown how the internal and external leakage fields are affected by them, and theoretical and experimental results for winding losses are given.
Abstract: The trend towards planar shapes for electromagnetic components in high-frequency power converters presents difficulties for the design of inductors that operate at frequencies in the megahertz range. Two existing and two improved inductor design concepts are studied, and it is shown how the internal and external leakage fields are affected by them. Flux plots are presented to illustrate the patterns of these fields and theoretical and experimental results for winding losses are given. >

Patent
14 Nov 1991
TL;DR: In this article, a magnetometer technology is provided based on a simple axial sensor which operates using the non-linear nature of saturating magnetic core material, and the sensor appears electrically as an inductor with a nonlinear inductance that varies both with magnetic field applied externally and the field created by the coil current.
Abstract: A magnetometer technology is provided based on a simple axial sensor which operates using the non-linear nature of saturating magnetic core material. The sensor appears electrically as an inductor with a non-linear inductance that varies both with magnetic field applied externally and the field created by the coil current. By using this sensor as the inductor of an LR relaxation oscillator, a change in applied magnetic field will cause a change in inductance, which will in turn cause a change in the oscillator period. The period of the oscillator can be converted to a digital form by using simple counting techniques. By introducing an enhancement of this scheme whereby two different periods are measured with different oscillator characteristics, the magnetometer will have no output drift when no field is applied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a planar inductor design method for DC-DC converters was established on the basis of a discussion of the magnetic flux density distribution, and a spiral coil with a very small distance between the conductors and a low loss magnetic sheet was developed.
Abstract: A method for planar inductor design has been established on the basis of a discussion of the magnetic flux density distribution. Planar inductors for miniature DC-DC converters have been developed using this design method. This converter is much smaller and thinner than conventional ones, and has an output power/volume ratio of 1.7 W/cc. A spiral coil with a very small distance between the conductors and a low loss magnetic sheet are required for the development of high Q planar inductors. >

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an iridium kinetic inductor is coupled with a lithographic antenna, and the resulting inductance changes are amplified and converted to a voltage signal by an integrated microstrip DC SQUID.
Abstract: Extremely sensitive far-infrared detectors suitable for both direct detection and heterodyne applications, based on mu m-sized thin films with thickness less than a superconducting penetration depth are possible. The penetration depth of such a film, and therefore its inductance, varies with temperature and with quasiparticle population (described by an effective temperature T*), resulting in both bolometric and nonequilibrium photoinductive responses. Incident radiation is coupled into the small-area kinetic inductor by a lithographic antenna, and the resulting inductance changes are amplified and converted to a voltage signal by an integrated microstrip DC SQUID. The device is sensitive because, unlike junction-based devices with large capacitive reactances, the kinetic inductor is naturally well matched to the antenna impedance at the far-IR frequency ( nu >2 Delta /h) and to the preamplifier (SQUID) impedance at microwave or video frequencies ( nu <<2 Delta /h). The best kinetic inductor materials are those with low electronic mean free path, large penetration depth, and high critical current density. Thus, common magnet alloys such as NbTi are the natural choice for liquid-He temperature operation. A detailed analysis predicts a (phonon-limited) NEP of 4*10/sup -17/ W/ square root Hz for a bolometer with an iridium kinetic inductor operated at 0.1 K. A heterodyne noise temperature of 2250 K (single-sideband) at 3 THz, with a 200-MHz bandwidth, is predicted for a Nb-Ti mixer operated at 4 K.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
28 Sep 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the electrostatic properties of inductors and transformers are investigated based on a simple electrostatic model and an equivalent circuit is proposed to take electrostatic phenomena into account.
Abstract: The electrostatic properties of inductors and transformers are investigated. Two devices have been built on the same magnetic core. Both are cylindrical coaxial winding transformers and all the windings are almost identical. These one-layer windings are rolled in the same direction for one transformer and in opposite direction for the other. All the possible connections of the two windings are tested. Based on a simple electrostatic model, these devices are analytically studied and an equivalent circuit is proposed to take electrostatic phenomena into account. Then, an electromagnetic simulation software is used to compute the electrostatic field with the real shapes of wires and coil layers. Capacitances are deduced from stored electrostatic energy in the whole space. Finally, many impedance measurements from 100 Hz to 40 MHz allow the equivalent circuit to be validated.

Patent
15 Mar 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to obtain an inductor having no magnetic gap and the like, high induction coefficient and improved reliability by pre-pressure molding magnetic powder containing a bonding agent.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain an inductor having no magnetic gap and the like, high induction coefficient and improved reliability. CONSTITUTION: Magnetic bodies 6 and 11 have a first green compact 6, which is formed by pre-pressure molding magnetic powder containing a bonding agent, and a second green compact 11 which is formed by pre-pressure molding magnetic powder containing the above-mentioned bonding agent, and a coil 5 is integrally formed with the above-mentioned magnetic bodies 6 and 11. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

Proceedings ArticleDOI
10 Mar 1991
TL;DR: The HS601 spacecraft battery discharge controller (BDC) as discussed by the authors is a fully redundant 100 kHz boost converter which provides up to 2 kW at 50.5 VDC from a 32 cell battery (32-45 VDC).
Abstract: The authors describe the HS601 spacecraft battery discharge controller (BDC), a fully redundant 100 kHz boost converter which provides up to 2 kW at 50.5 VDC from a 32 cell battery (32-45 VDC). The converter is designed to be connected in parallel with a second unit to provide up to 4 kW to the spacecraft to the spacecraft bus during an eclipse. Because a single design must accommodate many different spacecraft configurations, the unit must operate properly over a wide range of battery voltage (24 to 48 VDC), load current, and load impedance. The HS601 achieves ultra-low output ripple voltage ( 90%) using a unique coupled inductor boost converter topology. >

Patent
29 Nov 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a wideband distortion corrector is proposed for use in a spacecraft for correcting amplifier distortion, which includes a FET mounted in a miniature microwave-type housing, and an inductor is coupled between the FET source and drain electrodes within the miniature housing.
Abstract: For use in a spacecraft for correcting amplifier distortion, a wideband distortion corrector avoids the need for directional couplers. The corrector includes a FET mounted in a miniature microwave-type housing. Signal flows through the source-to-drain channel. A gate impedance selected to be inductive at the operating frequency is coupled from the FET gate to the platform of the package, and may be simply a loop of bond wire. The channel connects by a strip transmission line to an amplifier, the distortion of which is to be corrected. For enhanced bandwidth, an inductor is coupled between the FET source and drain electrodes within the miniature housing. The platform of the package is coupled to the reference conductor of the transmission line. In one embodiment, direct bias voltage is applied by way of a bias tee across a strip transmission line and ground, and galvanic connections cause the bias to appear between the FET gate electrode and the channel.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a SPICE simulation model of current-mode PWM converters operating in the continuous mode is described and tested against analytical expressions and experimental data for buck and boost converters.
Abstract: A SPICE simulation model of current-mode pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters operating in the continuous mode is described and tested against analytical expressions and experimental data for buck and boost converters. The simulation model is also used to compare an earlier average model to a recently suggested modification and to examine the effect of the gain factor in the current feedback path. >