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Infestation
About: Infestation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82305 citations.
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TL;DR: Overall, treatment with fungus did not inhibit the infestation by P. ficus, and findings shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in endophytic fungus-plant-insect interactions.
Abstract: Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are being explored for the management of phytophagous insect pests. The effects of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) inoculation of grape plants on the infestation level of P. ficus, tissue nutrient contents, and growth and volatile constituents of potted grape plants were assessed. Grapevine plants were individually inoculated with a suspension of 1 × 10⁸ conidia mL-1 of B. bassiana by drenching before experimentally infesting each of them with thirty adult females of P. ficus. At four weeks post-treatment, the fungus was re-isolated from leaves of 50% of the fungus-exposed plants. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in all the plant growth parameters measured in the fungus-treated and control plants. Plant tissue analysis revealed markedly higher contents of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaf tissue of plants exposed to the B. bassiana relative to the control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that a significantly (X² = 5.1; p < 0.02) higher number of known anti-insect volatile compounds (nine) were present among fungus treated plants compared to the control plants (five). Naphthalene, which is toxic to insects and humans, was detected only in the volatiles of the fungus-exposed plants. B. bassiana did not have any significant effect on total polyphenol, alkaloid, and flavonoids. Overall, treatment with fungus did not inhibit the infestation by P. ficus. In conclusion, these findings shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in endophytic fungus-plant-insect interactions.
34 citations
TL;DR: Pethö, B. and Szilágyi, A.(1970)
Abstract: Pethö, B. and Szilágyi, A.(1970) Von der nosologischen Lage des Ekboms-Syndroms. Psychiatria Clinica, 3, 296–319. Schwarz, H. (1929) Circumscripte Hypochondrien. Monatsschrift Psychiatrie und Neurologie, 72, 150–64. Sigmond, G. (1848) On hallucinations. Journal of Psychology, Medicine & Mental Pathology, 1, 568–608 Thiebièrge, G. (1894) Les acaraphobes. Annales de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie, 3, 730-6. Trabert, W. (1995) 100 years of delusional parasitosis – meta-analysis of 1223 case reports. Psychopathology, 28, 238-46. Trenkwalder, C., Walters, A. S. and Hening, W. (1996) Periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome. Neurologic Clinics, 14, 629–50 Von Bahr, G. (1977) Medicinska fakulteten i Uppsala. (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International), 147. Witttmaack, T. (1861) Pathologie und Therapie der Sensibilitäts-Neurosen (Leipzig: Schäfer), 459. Willis, T. (1672) De animae brutorum (London: Wells & Scott), 339. Wilson, J. W. and Miller, H. E. (1946) Delusions of parasitosis (acarophobia). Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology, 54, 39–56.
34 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Capsicum spp.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that Capsicum spp. cultivars are differentially preferred by the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and to investigate the role of volatile semiochemicals in conferring differences in host preferences. Two preference assays were conducted in 2008 under greenhouse conditions. Fourteen different commercially available cultivars were grown in cages protected by an anti-aphid net, and were infested 60 days after planting, through the release of ten adult female A. gossypii per plant. The results showed that after a five-day infestation period, statistically significant differences in the mean number of A. gossypii between cultivars were observed, with Sweet Pepper Hybrid Green Belt (SPHGB) being one of the cultivars with the lowest number of A. gossypii per plant. To test the hypothesis that the preference of cultivars was associated with release of volatile, Capsicum spp-derived semiochemicals, olfactometer behavior bioassays were conducted with A. gossypii, using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from non-preferred SPHGB and preferred SPAB cultivars. A. gossypii was significantly repelled only by the VOCs of infested SPHGB. Furthermore, coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of VOCs released by plants prior to, and after, A. gossypii infestation, revealed that the non-preferred SPHGB cultivar released nine additional compounds after infestation, including 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, a known plant defense semiochemical involved in plant—aphid interactions. These data suggest that non-preferred cultivars releasing this semiochemical have the potential to be used in breeding programs aimed at producing A. gossypii-resistant Capsicum spp. cultivars.
34 citations
TL;DR: In resistant and moderately resistant genotypes, a greater accumulation of defense enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in response to N. lugens infestation was recorded one day after infestation, and more pathogenesis-related protein and chitinase activity was noted 3 days after infested.
Abstract: The study was carried out to assess the reaction of different rice genotypes in response to brown planthopper (BPH)Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) attack and the possible use of these genotypes in BPH management. The resistant genotypes PTB 33, ADT 45 and ASD 7 and the moderately resistant genotypes CO 43 and KAU 1661 recorded the lowest nymphal preference, fecundity, feeding rate, survival, growth index, population buildup and plant dry weight loss per mg of insect dry weight produced, and more unhatched eggs, longer nymphal development period, days to wilt and higher Functional Plant Loss Index compared with the susceptible genotype TN1. In resistant and moderately resistant genotypes, a greater accumulation of defense enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in response toN. lugens infestation was recorded one day after infestation, and more pathogenesis-related protein and chitinase activity was noted 3 days after infestation. The activity was sustained for more than a week after infestation compared with the susceptible genotype TN1.
34 citations
TL;DR: Ash whitefly has spread over a large portion of California since the initial infestation was discovered in Los Angeles County in 1988 and the best hope for control appears to be natural enemies: a parasitic wasp and a predatory beetle have been introduced and are being evaluated.
Abstract: Ash whitefly has spread over a large portion of California since the initial infestation was discovered in Los Angeles County in 1988. Populations have grown to high densities on a wide range of host plants, including ash, pear, apple, citrus, and other landscape and fruit trees. The best hope for control appears to be natural enemies: a parasitic wasp and a predatory beetle have been introduced and are being evaluated.
34 citations