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Infestation

About: Infestation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82305 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The implications of the male mating disruption method for this pest in which the wingless females are aggregated with limited movement among vines, offering multiple mating opportunities for the flying male are discussed.
Abstract: The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a major pest of vineyards. Here, we tested the efficacy of the mating disruption method against the pest when applied during one or two successive years in high and low infestation levels. Following 1 year of treatment, at low initial infestation levels a shutdown of pheromone traps was observed, along with a significant reduction in infested vines. With initially high infestation levels, a gradual reduction in infested vines was observed, with a trap shutdown seen only after the second year of pheromone application. We discuss the implications of the male mating disruption method for this pest in which the wingless females are aggregated with limited movement among vines, offering multiple mating opportunities for the flying male.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Treatment measures should be implemented throughout the year but with increased effort when water temperature increases, and growth rate, size at maturity, maximum size, infestation intensity, recruitment, percentage of the population brooding and mortality appear to be affected by abalone feeding regime and water temperature, and these factors need to be considered in controlling infestation.
Abstract: Polydorid polychaetes can infest cultured abalone thereby reducing productivity. In order to effectively control these pests, their reproductive biology must be understood. The population dynamics and reproduction of polydorids infesting abalone Haliotis midae from two farms in South Africa is described using a length-based, age-structured model. Shells were infested mainly by introduced Boccardia proboscidea. Polydora hoplura and Dipolydora capensis were also present but in numbers too few to identify factors influencing infestation. At both farms, B. proboscidea lived for a minimum of 12 months. Growth rate, size at maturity, maximum size, infestation intensity, recruitment, percentage of the population brooding and mortality appear to be affected by abalone feeding regime and water temperature, and these factors need to be considered in controlling infestation. Brooders and recruits were present throughout the year, but increased significantly during mid- to late winter/early spring when water temperat...

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The parasites of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hubner, were studied during the last 6 yr of the 1964–72 outbreak in northern Minnesota to discuss the biology and individual patterns of parasitism.
Abstract: The parasites of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hubner, were studied during the last 6 yr of the 1964–72 outbreak in northern Minnesota. Egg parasitism, only ca. 4–10%, involved 3 species: Telenomus clisiocampae Riley, Ooencyrtus clisiocampae (Ashmead), and Tetrastichus silvaticus Gahan. Twenty-five hymenopterous species and 13 dipterous species were reared from the larvae and pupae of the forest tent caterpillar. Six of the hymenopterous species were hyperparasites, while 6 of the dipterous species were scavengers. Rogas sp. was the only early larval parasite. The most abundant late larval parasites were Patelloa pachypyga (Aldrich and Webber), Leschenaultia exul (Townsend), Lespesia frenchii (Williston), and Trichonotus analis (Say). Pupal parasitism was highest on cocoons from the ground level and progressively lower in the shrub and crown levels. Pupal parasitism increased with age of the infestation until 1968, decreased significantly in 1969, then increased again until the population collapsed in 1972. Sarcophaga aldrichi Parker and tachina flies accounted for 98% of all parasitism in the late cocoon collection during 1967–71 except in 1970. S. aldrichi destroyed all other parasites in the pupae and became the over-whelmingly dominant parasite in pupae after the 1st year of heavy infestation. Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) was common during the 1st year of heavy infestation. Otherwise, ichneumon wasps were rare in the late cocoon collections except in areas at the edge of the outbreak. The biology and individual patterns of parasitism during the outbreak are discussed for the common parasites.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How far beetles could disperse to colonize new host fields and to develop a method for determining infestation risk associated with potential new potato planting sites were determined and a risk map was generated to evaluate potential potato growing areas.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted during a 4-yr period between 1991 and 1994 to quantify the relationship between field isolation (defined as the distance between a potato planting and the location of all potato fields grown the previous season) and Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), initial immigration density. Our objectives were to determine how far beetles could disperse to colonize new host fields and to develop a method for determining infestation risk associated with potential new potato planting sites. In total, 22 fields were monitored during the 4-yr period for beetle infestation. The location of these fields and all fields grown across the floor of an agricultural valley the previous season were recorded. These data were used to model the effects of distance on beetle dispersion and colonization. Large differences in infestation pressure existed among fields and years. These differences were well explained by summing the influence of all previous potato locations using a linear decrease with distance and a maximum dispersal distance of 1,449 m. This model was used to generate a risk map to evaluate potential potato growing areas.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Attention should be given to the control and prevention of ticks, since they cause sever damage to the skins of small ruminants and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; they also transmit some diseases which can cause sever loss to the productivity of these animals.
Abstract: A survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of Miesso District, West Harergie Zone Collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from November 2007 to April 2008 All visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 328 goats and 40 sheep The prevalence of tick infestation in goats and sheep was found to be 899% and 875%, respectively In this study, ten species of ticks which grouped under four genera were identified The most abundant species found in this study were Boophilus decoloratus (60%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (251%), and Amblyomma gemma (11%) Hyalomma dromedarii was the minor species observed on goats The difference in the prevalence of tick infestation between sheep and goats was not statistically significant (Χ 2 = 022, p = 063) but found to be statistically significant between male and females (Χ 2 = 98, p = 0003) Attention should be given to the control and prevention of ticks, since they cause sever damage to the skins of small ruminants and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; they also transmit some diseases which can cause sever loss to the productivity of these animals

33 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023602
20221,428
2021276
2020344
2019294