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Infestation
About: Infestation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82305 citations.
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TL;DR: No significant correlations were detected between the fruit fly densities and the temperature and precipitation, and the variables soluble solids and titratable acidity, but the dynamic popula-tion of fruit flies was correlated withTemperature and precipitation.
Abstract: - The objectives of this research were evaluate the population dynamic and diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) on peach cultivars Tropical, Talisma, Aurora 2, Aurora 1, Dourado 2 and Docura 2, under the rootstocks ‘Okinawa’ and Ume, in Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The dynamic popula-tion of fruit flies was correlated with temperature and precipitation. The fruit fly infestation was correlated with chemical characteristics of fruits. During July 2004 to December 2006, the fruit fly population was monitored weekly using McPhail traps. The natural infestation was estimated from 30 fruits of each cultivar collected per year. The experiment was conducted under randomized design with five replications. Ceratitis capitata was dominant on peach cultivars for the both rootstocks. No significant correlations were detected between the fruit fly densities and the temperature and precipitation, and the variables soluble solids and titratable acidity. Among peach cultivars, Aurora 2 presented the highest infestation by C. capitata, reach-ing 22% and 23%, in 2004 and 2006, respectively. Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae) was also recovered from peaches. Doryctobracon areolatus (Braconidae), Tetrastichus giffardianus (Eulophidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Pteromalidae) were recovered from Tephritidae pulparium.Index-terms: peach, rootstocks, population dynamic, Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae.
33 citations
TL;DR: Although Nuttall saltbush production was lowest on the contour-furrowed and seeded site, total herbage production was still maintained at a level significantly greater than on the nontreated native rangeland.
Abstract: improved vigor of Nuttall saltbush and the introduction of crested wheatgrass. Additional waterholding capacity by furrows was the primary stimulus for improved production. By 1972, when the most recent data were obtained the furrows had been sufficiently filled to reduce the waterholding capacity by 25-300/o their original capabity. Nevertheless, forage production of crested wheatgrass was still over 300 lb/acre. Although Nuttall saltbush production was lowest on the contour-furrowed and seeded site, total herbage production was still maintained at a level significantly greater than on the nontreated native rangeland. The rate at which the furrows continue to fill is expected to decrease in the future. There is a high probability that production on the treated site will remain higher for at least another 20 years.
33 citations
33 citations
33 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between an individual dodder and an individual host plant is neutral, due to the array of direct and indirect, positive and negative effects appearing between Cuscuta and H. spinosa during the sucessives phases of the reproductive cycle of the host plant.
Abstract: In this paper, I analyse the interaction between a parasitic angiosperm (Cuscuta epithymum, Cuscutaceae) and its host plant (Hormathophylla spinosa, Cruciferae), taking into account the other species which directly affect the fitness of the host plant. I studied the spatial pattern of Cuscuta infestation in H. spinosa in the Sierra Nevada, Spain, for 6 years (1988-1993). In addition, I assessed the composition and abundance of the pollinator assemblage of Cuscuta during 1991. I determined the effect of dodder on H. spinosa reproductive success by comparing the fruit and seed production of both parasitized and non-parasitized host plants, and determining the mortality factors affecting reproductive potential. Cuscuta epithymum was found to parasitize the labelled host plants only in three of the six years of study, and only in two of the three host plant populations. The maximum percentage of infestation ocurred in 1990, in which 20% of the labelled host plants were parasitized by dodders in one population and 15% in the other population. No labelled host plant had more than 35% of its canopy surface covered by dodders. Parasitized plants were visited by fewer pollinators than were non-parasitized plants. In addition, the diversity of the pollinator assemblage also differed between these two groups of plants. The dodder did not significatively affect the fruit or seed production of its host plant, either during the study years or the years following the strong infestation. The dodder causes little harm mainly because it is scarce. However, even the relationship between an individual dodder and an individual host plant is neutral, due to the array of direct and indirect, positive and negative effects appearing between Cuscuta and H. spinosa during the sucessives phases of the reproductive cycle of the host plant.
33 citations