Infestation

About: Infestation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82305 citations.

External protozoan parasites in three trout species in the Eastern Black Sea region of the Turkey: intensity, seasonality, and their treatments

Abstract: The seasonal fluctuation of the protozoan parasites (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo necator and Trichodina spp.) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey was investigated monthly from April 2005 to September 2006. A total of 4260 fish was examined; the overall prevalence of the I. multifiliis, I. necator and Trichodina spp. infestation in the fish was 20.69, 37.93, and 41.38%, respectively. The most intensity and variety of parasites were observed in May and their infestation continued until October. None of the parasites was observed from October to April. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and Trichodina spp. are observed on three species of trout and I. necator was not observed on brook trout. After treating fish with different concentration of formaldehyde, trichlorfon, dichlorvos, amitraz, cypermethrin, KMnO 4 , chloramin-T, salt, and vinegar, salt, formaldehyde, and vinegar were appeared to be the most effective chemicals to treat all parasitic infestation while the other chemicals were not effective or suitable for treatment of all infestation. Concentration of 0.2 ml/l formaldehyde was highly toxic to brown trout.

Seasonal incidence, infestation and Trap catches of Cnaphalocrocis mendinalis (Guenee) in Rice

Abstract: The adults of leaf folder light trapped 5 adults during 26th SW and reached its maximum (45 adults) in 33rd SW. Correlation coefficient between weather parameters and light trap catches revealed that only mean R.H. (r = 0.793) and minimum temperature (r = 0.513) had a significant positive effect on light trap catch of adults. In general, weather factors had 68.2% influence on light trap catch during the study period. Incidence of larvae on rice leaves commenced in 27th SW with 0.33 larvae/10 hills and reached its maximum (19 larvae/10 hills) in 36th SW. Correlation coefficients between weather parameters and build up of larval population did not show any significant effect. But, weather factors had 50.0% effect on larval population. Infested leaves (0.3%/10 hills) were observed in the field from 27th SW and reached its maximum (5.3%/10 hills) during 37th SW. Correlation studies revealed that weather factors had no significant influence on leaf infestation however, resulted in 57.2% influence on leaf infestation.

Identification of Dactylogyrus spp. and other parasites of common carp in northeast of Iran

Abstract: This research was carried out in order to get overview of current status of infestation with Dactylogyrus spp. and other parasites in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from the ponds around Mashhad in northeast of Iran. A total of 100 common carps from March to December 2011, 61 (61 %) specimens were hosts to parasites. Monogenea dominated the parasite load most of all fishes, whereas Argulus foliaceus (Arthropoda) was the less parasite. Parasites were found as followed: Dactylogyrus extensus (29 %), Dactylogyrusanchoratus (2 %),Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (10 %), Trichodina nigra (7 %), Capillaria spp. (5 %), Procaecum spp. (2 %), Argulus foliaceus (2 %), and Lernaea cyprinacea (4 %). Seasonal changes in the abundance of parasites were evident for most taxa in which the prevalence of parasitic infection and diversity were more in summer than other seasons. The result of this study provide a better aquaculture conditions and help to solve some of the problems of fish farmers.

The relative abundance of maize stem borers and their parasitoids at the Tshiombo irrigation scheme in Venda, South Africa

Abstract: Maize is an important resource in many small-scale farming areas in South Africa and especially on irrigation schemes in the Limpopo Province where this crop is cultivated under irrigation in sub-tropical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the moth flight patterns, species distribution, infestation levels and parasitism levels of maize stem borers at the Tshiombo irrigation scheme in Venda. Moth flight patterns were monitored by means of sex pheromone traps over a 2.5-year period. The incidence of damaged plants and infestation levels were monitored by means of destructive sampling at 4–6 week intervals over a 15-month period. Moth flight patterns were erratic and although peaks were observed, the period of peak activity differed between seasons. The stem borer population was dominated by Chilo partellus which made up between 65–99% of the total number of larvae collected at each planting date. Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis made up between 0–16% and 0–31% of the population...

The effect of spruce cone insects on seed production in Switzerland

Abstract: In 1989 and 1990, spruce cones were harvested at 29 sites distributed over the five main geographic regions of Switzerland, i.e. Jura, Central Plateau, North, Central and South Alps. The presence of insects and the species-spe- cific consumption of seeds was determined for each cone by examination of the median longitudinal section. Seven seed-feeding species (Assara terebrella, Cydia strobilella, Dioryctria abietella, Eupithecia abietaria, Megastigmus strobi- lobius, Plemeliella abietina, Strobilomyia anthracina) and the spruce cone gall midge Kaltenbachiola strobi were found in the samples. The proportions of infested cones ranged from 36 to 100%. The regions did not show significant dif- ferences in terms of infestation rates, whereas differences between sites within the regions were highly significant. Seed loss ranged from 2 to 100%, its geographical distribution exhibiting a similar pattern to the infestation rates. Considering the number of infested cones, C. strobilella was the most abundant species, followed by K. strobi and P. abietina. Cones infested by conospermatophagous species (C. strobilella, D. abietella, E. abietaria) showed higher seed losses than those infested by spermatophages (M. strobilobius, P. abietina). Due to the ubiquitous occurrence of C. strobilella, its high infestation rates and the resulting seed losses caused by its offspring, this species has to be con- sidered as the most important insect seed predator in Switzerland. A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for each region to simultaneously explore the impact of site and tree variables as well as the effect of insect attack on the yield of viable seeds. The results indicate that site and tree conditions contributed more to the variability of seed yield than insect presence in a cone. The model predicted significant effects of insect attack mainly for cones with total seed numbers that were higher than the average.