Topic
Infestation
About: Infestation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82305 citations.
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TL;DR: Although the direct effect of A. onopordi may not be sufficient to control creeping thistle, the synergistic interaction with plant competition and the indirect effect via promotion of systemic rust infections makes A. inordi a promising agent for the biological control of this weed.
65 citations
TL;DR: Soil-drenching with SA and MetSA were the only treatments that caused a long-lasting induction of plant defences as they inhibited the infestation by the second generation of the nematode.
65 citations
TL;DR: HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe.
Abstract: Stored-product pests cause high economic losses by feeding on stored grain and endanger the public health by contamination of food by allergens. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore whether the risk of infestation of stored grain by pests is different in various types of storage premises. We compared the level of infestation and the pest species composition in the two main types of grain stores in Central Europe that includes horizontal flat-stores (HFS) and vertical silostores (elevators) (VSS). A total of 147 grain stores located in Bohemia, Czech Republic was inspected. We found that both types of stores were infested with arthropods of three main taxonomic groups: mites (25 species, 120 000 individuals), psocids (8 species, 5 600 individuals) and beetles (23 species, 4 500 individuals). We found that VSS and HFS differ in species composition of mites, psocids and beetles. However, the primary grain pests (i.e . Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lachesilla pedicularia, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus) occurred in both types of stores. The only exception was higher frequency and abundance of two serious beetle-pests ( Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus granarius) in HFS than in VSS. The total numbers of mite and beetle species infesting VSS and HFS was almost the same. There was higher psocid species diversity in VSS than in HFS. The difference between the total (i.e. level of pest infestation per kg of grain sample) numbers of mite and psocid individuals collected from VSS and HFS was not significant. However, the total numbers of beetle-pest individuals collected from HFS was twice the amount collected from VSS. We concluded that both types of stores are equally risky in terms of mite and psocid infestation. HFS is more risky for grain storage than VSS in terms of beetle infestations, although even the VSS structures cannot be in no way called pest-safe. The VSS and HFS microclimatic conditions (humidity, temperature) are discussed in relation to mite, psocid and beetle infestation.
65 citations
TL;DR: The rate of photosynthesis of tomato seedlings was measured for up to 22 days after heavy infestation with Meloidogyne javanica larvae, and a decrease compared with uninfested controls was detected within 2 days of invasion, and this response was maintained throughout subsequent growth.
Abstract: The rate of photosynthesis of tomato seedlings was measured for up to 22 days after heavy infestation with Meloidogyne javanica larvae. A decrease in photosynthesis compared with uninfested controls was detected within 2 days of invasion by the larvae, and this response was maintained throughout subsequent growth. During early stages of infestation the decreased photosynthesis was highly significant when expressed on the basis of fresh weight, leaf area or total chlorophyll content. It is suggested that this is a physiological response, perhaps resulting from reduced supply of root-derived factors which influence rate of photosynthesis. During later stages of the experiment the reduced rate of photosynthesis was at least partly due to the smaller size of infested plants.
64 citations
TL;DR: Histopathological studies of galled roots from the naturally infected olive planting stocks showed a susceptible response to root-knot nematode infection, and population densities of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne spp.
Abstract: Nematode population densities were determined in 259 soil and root samples collected from 18 olive nurseries in Cordoba, Jaen, and Sevilla provinces (southern Spain), between October 1997 and May 1998. The most important plant-parasitic nematodes detected, in order of decreasing frequency of infestation (percentage of samples), were Mesocriconema xenoplax (39.0%), Pratylenchus penetrans (32.1%), P. vulnus (25.9%), Meloidogyne incognita (14.7%), M. javanica (11.2%), and M. arenaria (2.7%). No disease symptoms were noted on aboveground organs of infected plants. However, population densities of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne spp. were at potentially damaging levels in most of the olive nurseries surveyed. Histopathological studies of galled roots from the naturally infected olive planting stocks showed a susceptible response to root-knot nematode infection. Large numbers of egg masses were present within the galled root tissues that might contribute to secondary infections. Feeding by root-knot nemat...
64 citations