Topic
Infestation
About: Infestation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8308 publications have been published within this topic receiving 82305 citations.
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TL;DR: Three maize cultivars that had shown differences in response to Chilo partellus adults and larvae were evaluated for their relative ability to withstand larval infestation and damage, and foliar damage correlated better with yield loss than stalk tunneling.
Abstract: Three maize cultivars that had shown differences in response to Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) adults and larvae were evaluated for their relative ability to withstand larval infestation and damage. Three treatment regimes, protection by insecticides, artificial infestation, and natural infestation, were adopted. C. partellus was the predominant species during the whorl stage of crop development. Eldana saccharina Walker appeared during the tassel emergence stage and persisted through harvest. Treatment, cultivar, and interaction effects were significant for maize foliar damage, stalk breakage, and ear drop. Stalk tunneling was affected by treatment and cultivar effects but number of entrance holes per plant was affected by treatment only. A larval survival index, the ratio of exit to entrance holes per stem, was higher for ‘Inbred A’ than for the other cultivars, suggesting some antibiosis in the other cultivars. Yield reduction between the protected and infested treatments was 71.4% for ‘Inbred A’ compared with 3.1% for ‘ICZ2-CM’. Of the primary damage symptoms, foliar damage correlated better with yield loss than stalk tunneling. When the yield reduction and leaf damage responses of each cultivar were partitioned into quadrants, resistance in ‘ICZ1-CM’ and ‘ICZ2-CM’ appeared to be antibiosis perhaps together with tolerance or nonpreference, whereas ‘Inbred A’ had none of these qualities.
50 citations
TL;DR: Total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and starch contents of wheat, maize and sorghum grains were affected adversely at 25, 50 and 75% insect infestation caused by Trigoderma granarium Everts and Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius, separately and mixed population.
Abstract: Total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and starch contents of wheat, maize and sorghum grains were affected adversely at 25, 50 and 75% insect infestation caused byTrogoderma granarium Everts andRhizopertha dominica Fabricius, separately and mixed population.R. dominica caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in available carbohydrates at 50 and 75% infestation levels whereasT. granarium achieved similar effect at 75%. Mixture of both insect species caused intermediate losses. Storage of cereal grains up to 4 months resulted in substantial increase in sugars and decrease in starch content, but storage for a shorter period of time did not cause any significant changes in levels of carbohydrates.
50 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that tree fertilization can increase coneworm infestation and demonstrated that tip moth management can improve tree growth initially.
Abstract: Intensive forest management practices have been shown to increase tree growth and shorten rotation time. However, they may also lead to an increased need for insect pest management because of higher infestation levels and lower action thresholds. To investigate the relationship between intensive management practices and insect infestation, maximum growth potential studies of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., were conducted over 4 yr using a hierarchy of cultural treatments. The treatments were herbaceous weed control (H), H + irrigation (I), H + I + fertilizer (F), and H + I + F + pest control (P). These treatments were monitored for differences in growth and insect infestation levels related to the increasing management intensities. The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), was consistently found infesting study trees. In the third field season, the H + I + F + P treatment had significantly more southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst), attacks than the H and H + I treatments. There were significant differences in volume index (D2H) among all treatments after each of the four growing seasons. This study indicated that tree fertilization can increase coneworm infestation and demonstrated that tip moth management can improve tree growth initially. Future measurements will determine if the growth gains from tip moth management are transitory or sustainable.
50 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that landscape-mediated variation in pest pressure in this system is better explained by a direct response of pest insects to increasing cover of a highly suitable crop rather than an indirect response via reductions in natural enemies as natural habitat declines.
50 citations
TL;DR: Overall, infestation markedly reduced the rate at which clutches were laid by a female searching within a host tree, a consequence of effects on three separate components of behaviour.
Abstract: SUMMARY (1) Prior infestation of host kumquats (Fortunella japonica) with the eggs of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, had a number of effects on the oviposition behaviour of conspecific flies under semi-field conditions. Overall, infestation markedly reduced the rate at which clutches were laid by a female searching within a host tree, a consequence of effects on three separate components of behaviour. (2) Egg infestation decreased the probability that a female (i) bored with her ovipositor after landing on a fruit and (ii) deposited a clutch once oviposition-boring was initiated, and (iii) deposited additional clutches at new sites on the fruit before leaving. (3) In addition, egg infestation decreased the duration of an oviposition (and thus probably the size of a clutch) and tended (although not significantly) to decrease the persistence with which a female foraged on fruit (expressed in terms of terminal search time (TST) and giving-up time (GUT)). Infestation had no effect on the persistence with which a female foraged within a tree (expressed in terms of TST and GUT) or on the rate at which a female landed on fruit.
50 citations