scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Influenza A virus published in 1973"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overall the pattern of infection produced by the ts-l[E] recombinant virus was comparable to that seen with wild-type virus but was of shorter duration and lesser magnitude, which makes it suitable for use as a live influenza A vaccine in man.
Abstract: The potential of live, attenuated influenza A virus vaccine strain (ts-1[E]) to safely evoke immunity in man was studied. Virus grown in eggs, like virus grown in bovine kidney culture, exhibited an acceptable balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. The attenuation of this virus was evident by its large 50% infectious dose for man (105 TCID-,) and by the failure of a large quantity of virus (107 TCID-,) to cause influenzal illness. The ts-1[E] virus replicated well in the nasopharynx and was genetically stable in man. Moderate levels of neutralizing antibodies were induced in serum and nasal wash, and there was a suggestion that the latter antibody was associated with resistance to wild-type influenza A virus. However, the ts-1[E] virus was a poor stimulator of antibody to neuraminidase. Overall the pattern of infection produced by the ts-l[E] recombinant virus was comparable to that seen with wild-type virus but was of shorter duration and lesser magnitude. These features make the ts-1[E] virus suitable for use as a live influenza A vaccine in man.

147 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
17 Mar 1973-BMJ
TL;DR: Kuchel, O., Horky, K., Gregorova, I., and Petrasek, J. (1965).
Abstract: Kuchel, O., Horky, K., Gregorova, I., and Petrasek, J. (1965). Klinische Wochenschrift, 43, 1318. Lambrew, C. T., Carver, S. T., Peterson, R. E., and Horwith, M. (1961). American Journal of Medicine, 31, 81. McGiff, J. C., et al. (1970). American Journal of Medicine. 48, 247. Mellinger, R. C., Petermann, F. L., and Jurgenson, J. C. (1972). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 34, 85. Morse, W. J., et al. (1959). American Journal of Medicine, 26, 315. Murphy, B. E. P. (1967). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 27, 973. Perez, G., Siegel, L., and Schreiner, G. E. (1971). Clinical Research, 19, 543. Perez, G., Siegel, L., and Schreiner, G. E. (1972). Annals of Internal Medicine, 76, 757. Posner, J. B., and Jacobs, D. R. (1964). Metabolism, 13, 513. Rick, W., Winkler, G., Koch, E., and Bohn, H. (1962). Acta Endocrinologica (K,6benhavn), Suppl. No. 67, p. 103. Schambelan, M., Stockigt, J. R., Collins, R. D., and Biglieri, E. G. (1972). Clinical Research, 20, 220. Sharma, D. C., Nerenberg, C. A., and Dorfman, R. I. (1967). Biochemistry, 6, 3472. Skanse, B., and Hokfelt, B. (1958). Acta Endocrinologica (K#benhavn), 28, 29. Stockigt, R. D., Collins, R. D., Schambelan, M., Brust, N., and Biglieri, E. G. (1971). Clinical Research, 19, 382. Tree, M. (1973).3Journal of Endocrinology, 56, 159. Tree, M. (1972). Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow. Ulick, S., et al. (1964). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 24, 669. Vagnucci, A. H. (1969). Jrournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 29, 279. Vagnucci, A. H. (1970). Nephron, 7, 524. Visser, H. K. A., and Cost, W. S. (1964). Acta Endocrinologica (Klbenhavn), 47, 589. Waite, M. A. (1972a). Journal of Physiology, 222, 88P. Waite, M. A. (1973b). Clinical Science. In press. Weidman, P., et al. (1972). Clinical Research, 20, 249. Wilson, I. D., and Goetz, F. C. (1964). American3Journal of Medicine, 36, 635. Wrong, O., and Davies, H. E. F. (1959). Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 28, 259.

59 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The development of the delayed hypersensitivity correlates in time with the cessation of virus shedding and the appearance of circulating antibody, however, the role of delayed hypers sensitivity in resolution of respiratory viral infections remains to be defined.
Abstract: Development of systemic delayed hypersensitivity was demonstrated in inbred strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs experimentally infected with influenza A/Hong Kong/1968(H3N2) virus or parainfluenza 3 virus. Groups of seronegative guinea pigs were inoculated intranasally with live influenza A virus or parainfluenza 3 virus, or ether-inactivated parainfluenza 3 virus, and nasal washings, sera, and suspensions of peritoneal exudate cells were collected at varying intervals. Animals receiving the live virus suspensions shed virus for 6 to 8 days, developed significant rises in serum neutralizing antibody titers, and demonstrated systemic delayed hypersensitivity 6 or 7 days after inoculation, which persisted 25 days after inoculation. The group inoculated with ether-inactivated parainfluenza 3 virus failed to shed virus or manifest a systemic delayed hypersensitivity response although one animal had a rise in serum antibody titer. The development of the delayed hypersensitivity correlates in time with the cessation of virus shedding and the appearance of circulating antibody. However, the role of delayed hypersensitivity in resolution of respiratory viral infections remains to be defined.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Influenza strains produced by recombination and tested as possible live vaccine candidates were studied in organ cultures of trachea and may be of value for detecting virulent live influenza vaccine candidates without risking severe illness in volunteers.
Abstract: Influenza strains produced by recombination and tested as possible live vaccine candidates were studied in organ cultures of trachea. Two strains which proved to be too virulent in human volunteers regularly caused damage to the ciliated epithelium and viruses grew to high titre. Two strains which proved to be attenuated for volunteers did not cause appreciable damage, although they replicated to low titre in the epithelium. Similar results were obtained with influenza A virus attenuated by passage in the presence of horse sera. The method may be of value for detecting virulent live influenza vaccine candidates without risking severe illness in volunteers.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new antiviral agent Virazole (1-B-D-Ribofuranosyl-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide) was tested for its antiviral effect against influenza A virus infections both in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: A new antiviral agent Virazole (1-B-D-Ribofuranosyl-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-carboxamide) was tested for its antiviral effect against influenza A virus infections both in vitro and in vivo. Withoutt any virocidal effect, virostatic effect against PR 8 strain was evident in HeLa S3 cells at 25 meg/ml, the concentration which shows a definite but reversible inhibitory effect on the multiplication of host HeLa cells. In vivo effect against the same influenza A infections in mice was evident at the dose of 25mg/kg when given intraperitoneally 3 times before infection, 4 times on the day of infection and twice daily for consecutive 4 days after infection. A total of 50mg/kg dose under the same schedule revealed toxic signs to mice.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enzyme-template complex of influenza RNA polymerase (fowl plague virus) was purified 200-fold and it synthesized exclusively viral minus strand RNA and was unable to initiate more than one cycle of RNA synthesis.
Abstract: The enzyme-template complex of influenza RNA polymerase (fowl plague virus) was purified 200-fold. The sole virus component found in this preparation was RNP-antigen. All attempts to remove the internal template led to an irreversible loss of enzyme activity. The complex was essentially free of nucleases. It synthesized exclusively viral minus strand RNA and was unable to initiate more than one cycle of RNA synthesis. The lag phase at the beginning of RNA synthesis in vitro, present in crude enzyme preparations, was abolished with the purified complex. The enzyme was sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents and it was able to accept α-S-ATP in place of ATP.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An attenuated recombinant influenza A virus, previously screened in volunteer trials for its potential value as a live vaccine, was tested for two possible hazards, uncontrolled spread to unvaccinated people and subsequent enhancement of virus virulence by multiple man-to-man passages as discussed by the authors.

8 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An indirect fluorescent antibody technique using human serum for the rapid detection of influenza A virus in monkey kidney cell cultures is described, which identified 22 strains within a week of receipt of the specimen.
Abstract: An indirect fluorescent antibody technique using human serum for the rapid detection of influenza A virus in monkey kidney cell cultures is described. Influenza A2 virus was isolated from 38 of 88 nose/throat swabs received from patients with suspected influenza during the winter of 1971-72. Thirty-two strains isolated in monkey kidney cell cultures were identified by immunofluorescence on the day haemadsorption was observed, 22 of them within a week of receipt of the specimen. Human antiserum was found to be very satisfactory for this purpose.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented suggesting that the in-hibitory effect of Concanavalin A on the neuraminidase activity of various strains of influenza A virus is dependent on the juxtaposition of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidsase antigens of the respective strains.
Abstract: Evidence is presented suggesting that the in-hibitory effect of Concanavalin A on the neuraminidase activity of various strains of influenza A virus is dependent on the juxtaposition of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of the respective strains.