Infrared Data Association

About: Infrared Data Association is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 168 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5422 citations.

Wireless Infrared Communications

Abstract: The use of infrared radiation as a medium for high-speed short-range wireless digital communication is discussed. Available infrared links and local-area networks are described. Advantages and drawbacks of the infrared medium are compared to those of radio and microwave media. The physical characteristics of infrared channels using intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) are presented including path losses and multipath responses. Natural and artificial ambient infrared noise sources are characterized. Strategies for designs of transmitter and receivers that maximize link signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are described. Several modification formats are discussed in detail, including on-off keying (OOK) pulse-position modulation (PPM), and subcarrier modulation. The performance of these techniques in the presence of multipath distortion is quantified. Techniques for multiplexing the transmissions of different users are reviewed. The performance of an experimental 50-Mb/s on-off-keyed diffuse infrared link is described.

Wireless Infrared Communications

Abstract: Wireless infrared communications can be used to establish short range high-data-rate wireless links. The primary commercial applications are short-term cable-less connectivity for information exchange and wireless local area networking. In the article, the major optical design issues and communication design issues are discussed. An overview of current systems and standards is provided, along with a comparison of infrared systems to radio systems. Keywords: wireless infrared communications; channel modeling; digital modulation; IRDA

Optical Wireless Communications : IR for Wireless Connectivity

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Technology Overview System Configurations Evolution of Infrared Communication Systems The Optical Wireless Channel Design Fundamentals Power Budget Considerations Summary and Conclusions ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS Introduction to Atmospheric Propagation Important Definitions Atmospheric Transmission Effect of Rain, Fog, and Mist Scintillation Summary and Conclusions DATA TRANSMISSION LIMITATIONS AND EYE SAFETY Data Transmission Limitations Eye Safety Extended vs. Collimated Sources Holographic Diffusers LEDs vs. LDs Special Considerations for Outdoor Systems Summary and Conclusions FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL CONCENTRATION Overview of Optical Concentration Geometrical Optics and Ray Tracing Optical Path Length and Fermat's Principle The Etendue or Lagrange Invariant The Edge Ray Principle Concentration Ratio Summary and Conclusions OPTICAL CONCENTRATORS Overview of Optical Concentrators Wireless IR Receiver Requirements Optical Filters Optical Concentrators DTIRC Characteristics Comparison of Concentrators Practical Issues Other Shapes of DTIRCs Summary and Conclusions OPTICAL WIRELESS TRANSMITTER DESIGN Introduction to Optical Wireless Transmitter Design Transmitter Design Considerations Optical Source Characteristics Types of Optical Modulation Driver Circuit Design Concepts Current Steering Output Circuit Back Termination Circuit Predriver Data Retiming Automatic Power Control Transmitters Linearization Techniques OPTICAL WIRELESS RECEIVER DESIGN Receiver Design Considerations Photodetection in Reverse-biased Diodes Choosing the Photodetector Receiver Noise Consideration Bit Error Rate and Sensitivity Bandwidth Signal Amplification Techniques Receiver Main Amplifier (RMA) Transceiver Circuit Implementation Technologies: Hybrid and Monolithic Integration Summary and Conclusions MODULATION, CODING, AND MULTIPLE ACCESS Introduction to Modulation and Multiple Access Techniques Modulation Modulation Techniques Comparison Modulation Schemes in The Presence of Noise Modulation Schemes in the Presence of Multipath Distortion Multiple Access Techniques Summary and Conclusions IrDA PROTOCOLS Wireless Protocol Standards The Infrared Data Association IrDA Standard Overview The Physical Layer Protocol Framer/Driver IrLAP IrLMP Information Access Service and Protocol Tiny Transport Protocol Session and Application Layer Protocols Summary and Conclusions WIRELESS IR NETWORKING Introduction to Wireless IR Networking Network Architecture Optical Wireless Network Specifications The Ad Hoc Network Quality of Service (QoS) Future Infrared Networking REFERENCES

Survey on optical camera communications: challenges and opportunities

Abstract: Wireless technologies based on radio frequencies (RFs) have always dominated other types of wireless technologies up until now. However, the recent proliferation of media-rich smart devices has pushed the RF spectrum usage to its limit. Therefore RF band expansion towards the optical spectrum is imminent in commercial scale. Indeed, the research on wireless communications using the optical spectrum has gained tremendous ground during the past couple of decades and standardised, respectively, by infrared data association for infrared communication and IEEE 802.15.7 for visible light communication. However, only few shortcomings of the IEEE 802.15.7 standard have led to the development of a revised version, called IEEE 802.15.7r1. This article provides an insight on the activity of the proposed revision of IEEE 802.15.7r1. The proposed revision version targets communication systems that mainly use either image sensors or cameras, known as the optical camera communications (OCC). Leveraging the existing infrastructure, OCC systems will be able to provide ubiquitous coverage in both indoors and outdoors. The authors present their survey focusing on the key technology consideration in IEEE 802.15.7r1, current research status, impairments, enhancements and futuristic application scenarios of the OCC systems.

Wireless optical communications: a survey

Abstract: The demand for wireless broadband communications has been growing steadily for last several years. The congestion and the limitations on bandwidths of the radio spectrum have inhibited unrestricted growth of radio wireless systems. Wireless optical, however, holds the promise of delivering data rates that can meet the broadband requirements. As a result, wireless optical is believed to be a viable long term option for many applications of wireless communications. Nevertheless, the advantages of optical wireless have not yet been fully exploited. Basic and applied research is needed at the laboratory and commercial levels to bring the performance of real-life wireless optical systems into higher levels. The Gb/s level data rate has been validated in laboratory, however, available indoor systems only realize a data rate of 155Mb/s. Current research in wireless optical concentrates on increasing the communication capacity and improving the performance. In this paper, we survey the wireless optical discipline emphasizing major design, performance, and safety issues. Research directions that have the potential to close the gap between theory and practice, in wireless optical communications, are also presented.