scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Injection locking published in 2001"


Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Jun 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors implemented prescalers that can operate up to 2.8 GHz by exploiting the injection locking phenomena in differential CMOS ring oscillators, and they tested a 5-stage, 1-GHz injection-locked modulo-8 prescaler fabricated in a 0.24/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Abstract: We implemented prescalers that can operate up to 2.8-GHz by exploiting the injection locking phenomena in differential CMOS ring oscillators. We tested a 5-stage, 1-GHz injection-locked modulo-8 prescaler fabricated in a 0.24-/spl mu/m CMOS technology that consumes 350 /spl mu/W of power and occupies 0.012 mm/sup 2/ of die area. The locking range is 20 MHz and the locked phase noise is -110 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz. A 2.8-GHz, 3-stage, modulo-4 divider is also presented.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new method for measuring the linewidth enhancement factor is presented based on the relation between the upper and lower bounds of the locked and unlocked regimes when the detuning of the pump and slave laser is plotted as a function of the injection power.
Abstract: A new method for measuring the linewidth enhancement factor is presented. This idea is based on the relation between the upper and lower bounds of the locked and unlocked regimes when the detuning of the pump and slave laser is plotted as a function of the injection power. Our results are confirmed with an independent measurement using amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectroscopy as well as our theory, which takes account of the realistic quantum-well (QW) band structure and many-body effects. This method provides a new approach to measure the linewidth enhancement factor above laser threshold.

100 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a communication system based on the synchronization of optical chaos in semiconductor lasers is proposed, where the optical chaos is generated in a singlemode semiconductor laser with external ring optical feedback.
Abstract: A communication system based on the synchronization of optical chaos in semiconductor lasers is proposed. The optical chaos is generated in a single-mode semiconductor laser with external ring optical feedback. Synchronization of chaos is performed by a direct optical-injection scheme that consists of a transmitter laser with an external optical feedback and a receiver laser with optical injection from the transmitter laser. Both numerical and experimental results on synchronization of giga-hertz chaotic signals are presented. Direct encoding of 2.5 Gbps messages on the chaotic waveform is numerically demonstrated. The bit-error rate shows a sensitive dependence on the frequency detuning.

50 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate 60 GHz carrier generation and transmission using a two-mode injection-locked Fabry-Perot (F-P) slave laser and investigate the relationship between the power of the generated carriers and the frequency of the reference signal for the injection-locking.
Abstract: We demonstrate 60 GHz carrier generation and transmission using a two-mode injection-locked Fabry-Perot (F-P) slave laser. The relationship between the power of the generated carriers and the frequency of the reference signal for the injection-locking is also investigated. The RF power-penalty caused by fiber dispersion was within 2.0 dB when the locked modes were transmitted at a distance of 0.5-48 km. Accordingly, the two-mode locked F-P laser can be used in fiber-based millimeter-wave systems.

41 citations


Patent
06 Nov 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a rotational rate gyroscope for detecting rotation of a base member, a primary oscillator supported by a secondary oscillator suspension, separate from the main oscillator, is designed such that movement that can be applied to the primary oscillators can be transferred to the secondary oscillators.
Abstract: A rotational rate gyroscope for detecting rotation thereof comprises a base member, a primary oscillator supported by its primary oscillator suspension so as to be movable with respect to the base member, and a secondary oscillator supported by a secondary oscillator suspension, separate from primary oscillator suspension, so as to be movable with respect to the primary oscillator. The secondary oscillator suspension is designed such that movement that can be applied to the primary oscillator can be transferred to the secondary oscillator, whereas the movement of the secondary oscillator effected by the Coriolis force substantially is not transferred back to the primary oscillator. In addition thereto, the major surfaces of the primary oscillator and of the secondary oscillator extend substantially in the same plane, with the movement of the primary oscillator and/or of the secondary oscillator also taking place in this plane.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe an experimental investigation of two millimeter-wave oscillators one employing a single and the other using two InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar photo-transistors (photo-HBTs).
Abstract: We describe an experimental investigation of two millimeter-wave oscillators one employing a single and the other using two InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar photo-transistors (photo-HBTs). The single HBT oscillator can be optically injection locked to improve its spectral purity. Alternatively, it can be modulated by analog or digital data carried by an optical signal. In the two phototransistors case, one HBT oscillates and is optically injection locked while the second serves as a modulator. The two-transistor case proved to be superior in terms of carrier spectral purity, analog modulation efficiency and linearity as well as for digital modulation. Its advantages stem from the better isolation between the local oscillator and modulating signals and from the ability to separate the injection-locking and modulation functions.

27 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
17 Mar 2001
TL;DR: An upstream-traffic remodulation scheme based on injection locking of a FP laser diode on the downstream wavelength is proposed, allowing simultaneous direct modulation of 1-Gb/s upstream data with improved signal quality.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate an upstream-traffic remodulation scheme based on injection locking of a FP laser diode on the downstream wavelength. The original 10 Gbit/s downstream data are largely suppressed, allowing simultaneous direct modulation of 1-Gb/s upstream data with improved signal quality.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Pietro Andreani1
TL;DR: An architecture for RF quadrature oscillators is presented, which, according to simulations, shows a figure of merit some 20 dB higher than that of other quadratures oscillators.
Abstract: An architecture for RF quadrature oscillators is presented, which, according to simulations, shows a figure of merit some 20 dB higher than that of other quadrature oscillators. The new quadrature oscillator compares favourably even with a state-of-the-art design of the popular negative-resistance differential oscillator.

21 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 May 2001
TL;DR: It has been proven analytically that the coupled two rings, oscillate with the same frequency, but with 30 degree phase shift, and it has been shown that for small transistor sizes, the coupled ring oscillator has an inherent capability of oscillating with frequencies as high as 1.577 times that of a single ring.
Abstract: Modeling and analysis of a coupled three-stage ring oscillator is presented in this paper. The oscillator consists of two ordinary three-stage ring oscillators, which are coupled to each other and oscillate with the same frequency, but with 30 degree phase difference resulting in three sets of quadrature outputs. A simple and insightful technique for modeling coupled oscillators is proposed here. This technique is then used to analyze the coupled oscillator. It has been proven analytically that the coupled two rings, oscillate with the same frequency, but with 30 degree phase shift. It has also been shown that for small transistor sizes, the coupled ring oscillator has an inherent capability of oscillating with frequencies as high as 1.577 times that of a single ring. The accuracy of the proposed linearized model is verified with SPICE simulations.

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new all-optical 3R regeneration technique using injection-locking in a gain-switched DFB-LD is proposed, and the operation of the technique is confirmed numerically and experimentally.
Abstract: A new all-optical 3R regeneration technique using injection-locking in a gain-switched DFB-LD is proposed. The operation of the technique is confirmed numerically and experimentally. Both simulation and experimental results show that the degraded RZ pulses are reshaped, retimed, and regenerated by injection-locking, into short pulses generated by gain-switching. Moreover, error-free all-optical 3R regeneration at 2.5 Gbit/s has been successfully achieved, with 1.5 dB negative penalty.

18 citations


Patent
27 Dec 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a control voltage is applied to the varactor diodes to generate output high frequency signals having a second frequency and a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees from the first and second voltage-controlled oscillators generate.
Abstract: An oscillation circuit including first and second voltage-controlled oscillator each having a resonance circuit including a pair of varactor diodes, and first and second buffer amplifier for feeding-back high frequency signals generated from the first and second voltage-controlled oscillator to the second and first voltage-controlled oscillators, respectively. A control voltage is applied to the varactor diodes to generate output high frequency signals having a second frequency and a mutual phase difference of 90 degrees from the first and second voltage-controlled oscillators generate. By adjusting an amplitude of the control voltage, resonant points of the resonance circuits of the first and second voltage-controlled oscillators are changed and the frequency of the output high frequency signals is changed, while phase noise can be sufficiently suppressed over a wide frequency range and a power consumption can be lowered.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a 38 GHz-band InP-based HEMT MMIC oscillator and a 1.55-μm lightwave were used for optical injection locking with phase noise of less than -73.2 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz frequency offset and a 14-MHz locking range.
Abstract: Optical injection locking was experimentally performed using a 38-GHz-band InP-based HEMT MMIC oscillator and a 1.55-μm lightwave. Two optical modulation schemes were compared for optical injection locking, and no difference was found except for the optical modulation frequency. With suppressed carrier modulation of the lightwave, phase noise of less than -73.2 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz frequency offset and a 14-MHz locking range were achieved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, direct optical injection locking of a self-oscillating InGaAs-InP heterojunction bipolar phototransistor was used to extract the clock of high-speed optical signals.
Abstract: In this letter, we describe the use of direct optical injection locking of a self-oscillating InGaAs-InP heterojunction bipolar phototransistor to extract the clock of high-speed optical signals. We demonstrate a single MGM oscillator, which can be locked by 10- to 40-Gb/s return-to-zero signals with high efficiency and low noise.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a 38 GHz-band InP-based HEMT MMIC oscillator and a 1.55/spl mu/m lightwave were used for optical injection locking.
Abstract: Optical injection locking was experimentally performed using a 38-GHz-band InP-based HEMT MMIC oscillator and a 1.55-/spl mu/m lightwave. Two optical modulation schemes were compared for optical injection locking, and no difference was found except for the optical modulation frequency. With suppressed carrier modulation of the lightwave, phase noise of less than -73.2 dBc/Hz at a 10-kHz frequency offset and a 14-MHz locking range were achieved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-aligning injection-locked system was demonstrated that uses a chirped external cavity diode laser as the master laser with a gain of 51.8 dB.
Abstract: Injection locking is a useful technique for amplifying the output power of a tunable external cavity diode laser. The injection-locked output retains the spectral properties of the injected signal while offering high powers. A self-aligning injection-locked system is demonstrated that uses a chirped external cavity diode laser as the master laser. A gain of 51.8 dB is demonstrated with injection-locked output powers greater than 62 mW The amplified linear frequency chirp of 800 MHz in 4 ?s is measured and shows no deviation from the frequency chirp of the master laser. The high gain and ability of the injection-locked output to follow the rapid tuning of the injected source make it an excellent amplification technique for applications requiring higher powers with fast tuning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel method of optical phase-shift detection using differential-phase-to-intensity conversion (DPIC) based on injection locking of a semiconductor laser is proposed and detection of OC-48 (2.48832-Gbit/s) phase-modulated signals by use of DPIC.
Abstract: A novel method of optical phase-shift detection using differential-phase-to-intensity conversion (DPIC) based on injection locking of a semiconductor laser is proposed. We predict DPIC numerically and verify it experimentally. We then demonstrate detection of OC-48 (2.48832-Gbit/s) phase-modulated signals by use of DPIC.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Injection-locked oscillations at 8.5 and 11.3 GHz were reported in structures with four GaAs/AlAs double barrier resonant tunnelling diodes bridging a coplanar line as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Injection-locked oscillations at 8.5 and 11.3 GHz are reported in structures with four GaAs/AlAs double barrier resonant tunnelling diodes bridging a coplanar line. Their outputs add to the observed –8 dBm. More devices within a smaller geometry could generate 0 dBm up to several hundred gigahertz.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that one can achieve linear distributions of phase across a linear array aperture by injection locking to an external oscillator the end oscillators of an array of mutually injection-locked oscillators.
Abstract: The use of arrays of injection-locked voltage-controlled oscillators coupled to nearest neighbors has been proposed as a means of controlling the aperture phase of one and two-dimensional (2-D) phased-array antennas. It has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that one may achieve linear distributions of phase across a linear array aperture by injection locking to an external oscillator the end oscillators of an array of a mutually injection-locked oscillators. These linear distributions cause steering of the radiated beam. It is demonstrated theoretically here that one may achieve beamsteering in a similar manner in two dimensions by injecting appropriately phased signals into the perimeter oscillators of a 2-D array. The analysis is based on a continuum representation of the phase previously developed in the context of beamsteering via tuning of the perimeter oscillators.

Patent
17 Aug 2001
TL;DR: In this article, the main controller determines that a light intensity of the high harmonic light has a value smaller than a predetermined value and is not normal, it controls to move the translating stage to shorten the cavity length so to enhance the light intensity and pulse width of seed light La to be laser-oscillated by the oscillator.
Abstract: When it is determined that a pulse width of high harmonic light Lb to jitter of discharge light Ld is not appropriate as a result of comparison between a waveform of the discharge light Ld and that of the high harmonic light Lb, a main controller judges that the jitter of the discharge light Ld in a gas laser device is large, and controls to move a translating stage to extend a cavity length so to increase a pulse width of fundamental harmonic light La which is laser-oscillated by an oscillator. When the main controller determines that a light intensity of the high harmonic light Lb has a value smaller than a predetermined value and is not normal, it controls to move the translating stage to shorten the cavity length so to enhance the light intensity of seed light La to be laser-oscillated by the oscillator. Thus, the light intensity and pulse width of the seed light at injection locking are optimized.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 May 2001
TL;DR: A simple digital controlled oscillator specially designed for low cost RF CMOS communication circuits and controlled by a 6-bit R-2R DAC.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple digital controlled oscillator. The new oscillator is specially designed for low cost RF CMOS communication circuits. A 6-bit R-2R DAC controls the oscillating frequency from 700 MHz to 1500 MHz.

Patent
04 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a multifunction high frequency integrated circuit structure and circuit configuration includes a resonator or oscillator circuit (120) coupled to a buffer amplifier (130) by way of a stripline coupler (180).
Abstract: A multifunction high frequency integrated circuit structure and circuit configuration includes a resonator or oscillator circuit (120) coupled to a buffer amplifier (130) by way of a stripline coupler (180). The resonator circuit includes an input terminating region which is coupled to three input terminating ports. A first one of the input terminating ports (170, 150, 155) is coupled directly to the resonator for either being electrically connected to a selected signal source or load, a second one of the input terminating ports (170) electrically connected to either a fixed or variable potential source, and the remaining input terminating port (155) is coupled to the resonator input terminating region through another stripline coupler (140), and is intended to be electrically connected to another selected signal source. Depending upon the choice of circuit components and signal sources connected to the input terminating ports (150, 155, 170), the multifunction high frequency integrated circuit may serve as a voltage controlled oscillator, low phase noise oscillator, direct up/down frequency signal converter, or injection locked oscillator.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of tilt-locking for active stabilization of a Nd:YAG laser was reported and shown to be robust and adds negligible frequency noise to the injection-locked laser.
Abstract: We report the use of spatial-mode-interference, or tilt-locking, for the active stabilization of injection-locking of a Nd:YAG laser. We show that this control scheme is robust and adds negligible frequency noise to the injection-locked laser.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors experimentally demonstrated a new optical signal generation scheme using semiconductor lasers in a masterslae configuration, in which both lasers are directly modulated. And the sidebands of the laser are locked to those of the master laser by the simple control of the applied modulation power.
Abstract: We hae experimentally demonstrated a new optical mi- crowae signal generation scheme using semiconductor lasers in a masterslae configuration, in which both lasers are directly modulated. The sidebands ofthe sla e laser are locked to those ofthe master laser by the simple control ofthe applied modulation power. 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30:369 370, 2001.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a very sophisticated subclass of communication subsystems, namely oscillators, that use the phase-locked loop (PLL) technique, and several application examples are presented that enable locking in the oscillator signal for each frequency offset.
Abstract: This article presents a very sophisticated subclass of communication subsystems, namely oscillators, that use the phase-locked loop (PLL) technique. Some basic features and several application examples are presented that enable locking in the oscillator signal for each frequency offset. If the oscillator is used on its fundamental frequency, a high spectral purity is achieved without additional distortion. Furthermore, it can be increased by the filter function of the loop. An integrated 70 GHz synthesizer is introduced and discussed, and a microwave synthesizer module and its technical behavior is described. Several measured results supported by analytical considerations show the applicability and the high performance of the PLLs introduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new calibration approach for phase noise measurements of free-running voltage controlled oscillators using the injection locking technique is described, which allows the locking of free running oscillators to a reference over a wide bandwidth during a phase noise measurement.
Abstract: A new calibration approach is described for phase noise measurements of free-running voltage controlled oscillators using the injection locking technique. The injection locking technique allows the locking of free running oscillators to a reference over a wide bandwidth during a phase noise measurement. Compared to conventional phase noise measurement techniques, the injection locking technique involves a calibration procedure, which may be tedious and time consuming. The new approach may be used to perform an automated calibration procedure of the system commonly used for these measurements.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 May 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a 7.0 GHz injection locked balanced oscillator with dual output ports is designed to demonstrate this method, and a general S-parameter technique is used for the design of the oscillator.
Abstract: QPSK modulation is usually applied to a baseband signal, and the modulated signals are converted to an RF signal for transmission. Direct QPSK modulation at radio frequency has become increasingly needed for lower costs in commercial applications. A new QPSK modulation method for RF signals is reported. A 7.0 GHz injection locked balanced oscillator with dual output ports is designed to demonstrate this method. A general S-parameter technique is used for the design of the oscillator.

Patent
03 Oct 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a clock generator including a PLL circuit serves to generate an output frequency cycled in a predefined range and containing a desired clock frequency, by varying the output frequency of the clock generator a spreading of its output frequency spectrum is attainable, resulting in a reduction in high frequency interference by the signal generated by the clock.
Abstract: A clock generator including a PLL circuit serves to generate an output frequency cycled in a predefined range and containing a desired clock frequency. The PLL circuit contains a voltage-controlled oscillator ( 18 ), the oscillating frequency of which is adjustable by means of an analog control voltage to the desired clock frequency in a fixed relationship to a reference frequency applied to the PLL circuit. The clock generator contains a second voltage-controlled oscillator ( 22 ), the oscillating frequency of which can be cycled in the predefined range. The second oscillator ( 22 ) is configured so that its oscillating frequency can be varied by means of a digital incrementally variable control signal in the predefined range. By varying the output frequency of the clock generator a spreading of its output frequency spectrum is attainable, resulting in a reduction in high-frequency interference by the signal generated by the clock.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique for frequency stabilization and phase-noise reduction of monolithic oscillators is presented, which employs simple transmission-line resonators, which are many wavelengths long to increase the oscillator quality factor.
Abstract: A novel technique for frequency stabilization and phase-noise reduction of monolithic oscillators is presented in this paper. It employs simple transmission-line resonators, which are many wavelengths long to increase the oscillator quality factor. Monolithic oscillators at 20 and 40 GHz are realized for the application of this technique. Phase noise reduction of more than 20 dB was achieved for both oscillators. The single-sideband phase noise obtained was -100 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset for the 20-GHz oscillator and -90 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset for the 40-GHz oscillator. The approach is implemented by using readily available transmission lines, which are open- or short-circuited at one end and connected to the monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) oscillator at the other end. Thus, it presents significant potential in the development of low-cost MMIC oscillators with enhanced noise performance.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Sep 2001
TL;DR: In this article, an intermediate engineering laser system consisting of an oscillator laser and an amplifier was developed to achieve a F2 laser spectral bandwidth of 0.2 pm (FWHM) at a repetition rate of 5000 Hz and an average power of 25 W. At ASET, 'The F2 Laser Lithography Development Project' started in March 2000, as a 2-year project to fulfill this market requirement.
Abstract: It is predicted that the semiconductor market will demand 70 nm devices from 2004 or 2005. Hence, F2 laser microlithography systems have to be developed according to this time frame. At ASET, 'The F2 Laser Lithography Development Project' started in March 2000, as a 2-year project to fulfill this market requirement. The final target of this project is to achieve a F2 laser spectral bandwidth of 0.2 pm (FWHM) at a repetition rate of 5000 Hz and an average power of 25 W. These specifications meet the demand of dioptric projection system. We have done a feasibility study for a high efficiency line narrowing design to achieve the ultra narrow spectral bandwidth and the high output power. In addition, we have developed an intermediate engineering laser system consisting of an oscillator laser and an amplifier. With this laser system we have performed the line-narrowed operation using two arrangements: Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) and Injection Locking. With this Oscillator-Amplifier system and have achieved a spectral bandwidth (convoluted) of FWHM 20 mJ for MOPA and >15 mJ for Injection Locked operation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an advanced millimeter-wave source comprising two bipolar heterojunction photo transistors was reported, one serving as a self oscillator and the other serving as an optoelectronic modulator.
Abstract: We report an advanced millimeter-wave source comprising two bipolar heterojunction photo transistors: one serving as a self oscillator and the second as an optoelectronic modulator. Optical injection locking of the first as well as analog and digital modulation of the second have been demonstrated.