Topic
Injection locking
About: Injection locking is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4567 publications have been published within this topic receiving 60942 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, an analytical comparison of injection locking and phase-locking principles is presented for the variation of the steady-state solution and its phase noise versus the parameters of the feedback network.
Abstract: Two configurations for oscillator phase-noise reduction using stabilization circuits have been demonstrated in the literature. One of them is based on the self-injection of the oscillator signal, after it passes through a long delay line or a high-quality-factor resonator. The second one is a stabilization loop, containing a frequency discriminator. In this paper, an in-depth analytical comparison of these two configurations, respectively based on injection locking and phase-locking principles, is presented. Analytical expressions are provided for the variation of the steady-state solution and its phase noise versus the parameters of the feedback network. The expressions are rigorously validated with harmonic balance. Instabilities reported by other authors are investigated through bifurcation analysis. The new expressions enable a good understanding of the amplitude and frequency jumps and sharp phase-noise maxima obtained simulations and measurements versus the feedback parameters. A practical 5-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator has also been implemented, for validation purposes.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a monolithic differential cross-coupled self-oscillating mixer (SOM) is presented, which is fabricated using an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) foundry process and operates at 2.5 GHz.
Abstract: This letter presents a monolithic differential cross-coupled self-oscillating mixer (SOM). The SOM chip is fabricated using an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) foundry process and operates at 2.5 GHz. The chip provides voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) operation, up- and down-conversion mixing, and injection locking functionalities. The voltage down-conversion gain and the power up-conversion gain of up to 15 and 11.5 dB, respectively, are measured for the circuit. There is a compromise between obtaining a high conversion gain, and the oscillator power (-0.3 dBm for a 5-V supply) and phase noise (-84 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz). However, phase noise improvement of 32dB is observed by injection of a -30-dBm stable reference.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe methods of controlling the frequency of W-band IMPATT oscillators using optical rather than electrical signals, and present an analytical theory of optical tuning and injection locking.
Abstract: This paper describes methods of controlling the frequency of IMPATT oscillators using optical rather than electrical signals. Analytic theories of optical tuning and injection locking are presented. Results from a comprehensive large signal computer model of the optically controlled IMPATT oscillator are given, illustrating the importance of the composition of the optically generated current on the optical control performance and demonstrating the capability of optical control for rapid frequency tuning. Finally, recent experimental work on optical tuning effects in W-Band IMPATT oscillators is presented.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of all-optical phase-coherent frequency division by 3, based on a self-phase-locked continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), are investigated theoretically and experimentally.
Abstract: The properties of all-optical phase-coherent frequency division by 3, based on a self-phase-locked continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The frequency to be divided is provided by a diode laser master-oscillator power-amplifier system operated at a wavelength of 812 nm and used as the pump source of the OPO. Optical self-phase-locking of the OPO signal and idler waves is achieved by mutual injection locking of the signal wave and the intracavity frequency-doubled idler wave. The OPO process and the second-harmonic generation of the idler wave are simultaneously phase matched through quasi-phase-matching using two periodically poled sections of different period manufactured within the same LiNbO3 crystal. An optical self-phase-locking range of up to 1 MHz is experimentally observed. The phase coherence of frequency division by three is measured via the phase stability of an interference pattern formed by the input and output waves of the OPO. The fractional frequency instability of the divider is measured to be smaller than 7.6×10-14 for a measurement time of 10 s (resolution limited). The self-phase-locking characteristics of the cw OPO are theoretically investigated by analytically solving the coupled field equations in the steady-state regime. For the experimental parameters of the OPO, the calculations predict a locking range of 1.3 MHz and a fractional frequency instability of 1.6×10-15, in good agreement with the experimental results.
22 citations
TL;DR: The bit error rate performance for both external modulation and modulation of the injection current is examined and only a moderate penalty is found associated with the limited phase excursion.
Abstract: We examine the bit error rate (BER) of the conventional matched-filter detector for an optical code division multiple access (CDMA) system employing coherent homodyne detection. We assume a phase shift keying (PSK) modulation format where the phase is modulated by one of two methods: (1) an external phase modulator or (2) injection locking. Phase excursion is limited to /spl plusmn/0.42 /spl pi/ when using injection locking. We examine the bit error rate performance for both external modulation and modulation of the injection current and find only a moderate penalty (0.55 dB) associated with the limited phase excursion.
22 citations