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Injection locking
About: Injection locking is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4567 publications have been published within this topic receiving 60942 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two fully integrated, differential superharmonic injection-locked power amplifiers (ILPA) operating at 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz were presented, with a maximum gain of 31 dB from only one stage that occupies a chip area of only 0.6 mm2 with all components fully integrated.
Abstract: This work demonstrates the feasibility of using a superharmonic injection-locked oscillator as a power amplifier for short-range, low-power applications. This paper presents two fully integrated, differential superharmonic injection-locked power amplifiers (ILPA) operating at 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz. The two circuits were fabricated in a standard 0.18 μ m CMOS technology. Measurement results of the 2.4 GHz ILPA show a maximum gain of 31 dB from only one stage that occupies a chip area of only 0.6 mm2 with all components fully integrated. The ILPA delivers an output power of 7.6 dBm from a 1.5 V supply voltage with a power added efficiency of 36%.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare three different approaches for low-cost all-optical swapping of spectral amplitude code labels for packet-switched networks and examine both the static and dynamic responses of each for swapping a multiwavelength input label to a multi-wavelength output label.
Abstract: We compare three different approaches for low cost all-optical swapping of spectral amplitude code labels for packet-switched networks. The first uses cross-absorption modulation in an electroabsorption modulator within a semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL), the second uses cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) within an SFRL, and the third makes use of XGM in an SOA as well as injection locking in a Fabry-Perot laser diode for wavelength conversion. We examine both the static and dynamic responses of each for swapping a multiwavelength input label to a multiwavelength output label. The benefits and limitations of each approach as well as future improvements are discussed.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the sawtooth period behavior under periodic forcing by electron cyclotron waves and proposed an open-loop locking controller based on injection locking, which is a well-known technique to control limit cycles of nonlinear dynamic oscillators.
Abstract: In this paper the sawtooth period behaviour under periodic forcing by electron cyclotron waves is investigated. The deposition location is kept constant while the gyrotron power is modulated with a certain period and duty cycle. Extensive simulations on a representative dynamic sawtooth model show that when this modulation is properly chosen, the sawtooth period quickly synchronizes to the same period and remains locked at this value. It is shown that the range of modulation periods and duty cycles over which sawtooth period locking occurs, depends on the deposition location, but is particularly large for depositions near the q = 1 surface. The simulation results reveal a novel approach to control the sawtooth period in open loop, based on injection locking, which is a well-known technique to control limit cycles of non-linear dynamic oscillators. The locking and convergence results are therefore used in a simple open-loop locking controller design, with which accurate sawtooth period tracking to any desired value is indeed demonstrated. Injection locking appears to let the sawtooth period converge to the modulation period quickly, partly because it does not suffer from slow EC mirror launcher dynamics. Moreover, imulations show that the method has a relatively large robustness against general uncertainties and disturbances. Hence, injection locking is expected to outperform conventional sawtooth control methods using a variable deposition location and constant gyrotron power. Finally, the recent result with sawtooth pacing is shown to be a special case of the general locking effect.
19 citations
Patent•
19 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the VCO is incorporated in a phase-lock loop (PLL) that is capable of locking to a multiple of a reference frequency oscillator over a range of multiples.
Abstract: A vehicle detector installation includes a loop oscillator the loop of which is laid in the roadway and which is locked in operation to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Vehicle detection is effected by a phase detector monitoring the phase difference between the oscillators. The VCO is incorporated in a phase-lock loop (PLL) that is capable of locking to a multiple of a reference frequency oscillator over a range of multiples. To achieve the locking of the loop oscillator to the VCO, means are provided for disabling the normal operation of the PLL and sweeping the VCO over its range of frequency until the phase detector indicates that the loop oscillator and VCO frequencies are equal. This indication activates the PLL to its normal operation to pull the VCO and therewith the loop oscillator to an adjacent multiple of the reference frequency. The PLL is maintained by a repeated charge/discharge cycle of the VCO capacitor that is dependent on the phase of the reference oscillator and the VCO.
19 citations
TL;DR: A scalable approach for the generation of high average power femtosecond pulse trains from Ti:sapphire by optically injection locking a resonant amplification cavity allows independent optimization of the fs laser while enabling efficient amplification to high average powers.
Abstract: We demonstrate a scalable approach for the generation of high average power femtosecond (fs) pulse trains from Ti:sapphire by optically injection locking a resonant amplification cavity. We generate up to 7 W average power with over 30% optical extraction efficiency in a 68 fs pulse train operating at 95 MHz. This master oscillator power amplifier approach allows independent optimization of the fs laser while enabling efficient amplification to high average powers. The technique also enables coherent synchronization among multiple fs laser sources.
19 citations