Injection locking

About: Injection locking is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4567 publications have been published within this topic receiving 60942 citations.

A W-Band Low-Noise PLL With a Fundamental VCO in SiGe for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Abstract: A W-band fundamental phase-locked loop (PLL) is designed and fully integrated to achieve high output power and low noise in a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. A PLL with a fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is chosen after comparing several frequency-synthesizer architectures. Local oscillator (LO) generation and LO distribution are also considered. The employed free-running VCO achieves a tuning range from 92.5 to 102.5 GHz (8.3%), an output power of 6 dBm, and a phase noise of -124.5 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset. The locking range of the PLL is from 92.7 to 100.2 GHz, and the phase noise is -102 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. The root mean square jitter integrated from 1 MHz to 1 GHz is 71 fs. Finally, the figure-of-merit for VCOs is discussed.

Frequency and intensity noise in an injection-locked, solid-state laser

Abstract: We have calculated transfer functions for frequency and intensity fluctuations in an injection-locked solid-state laser. At modulation frequencies well below the locking frequency we find significant frequency-noise reduction, and at modulation frequencies above the locking frequency we find that the frequency noise is that of the free-running slave laser. Our intensity-noise theory predicts substantial damping of relaxation oscillations in the slave laser. To verify these results we have measured the frequency and intensity noise of a 5-W, injection-locked Nd:YAG laser.

Indirect Subharmonic Optical Injection Locking of a Millimeter-Wave IMPATT Oscillator

Abstract: Large aperture phased-array antennas operating at millimeter-wave frequencies are designed for space-based communications and imaging. Array elements are composed of active transmit-receive (T/R) modules that are phase and frequency synchronized to a reference signal at the central processing unit by a fiber-optic (FO) distribution network. The implementation of FO links, synchronizing the millimeter-wave Iocal oscillators (LO's), imposes a great challenge. This paper presents results of indirect optical injection locking of a free-running 38-GHz (Ka-band) IMPATT oscillator over the Iocking range of 2-132 MHz, depending on the injected power level (amplifier gain). In the experiment, the nonlinearity of both the laser diode and the IMPATT oscillator is exploited to achieve 12th subharmonic injection locking. The overall system FM noise degradation of the reference signal is 16 dB at 500-Hz offset. The FM noise degradation is dominated by the theoretical limit of 20 log N, where N is the frequency multiplication factor used in subharmonic injection locking. Methods by which optical injection locking may be extended into 60 and 90 GHz are demonstrated.

Strong Injection Locking in Low- $Q$ LC Oscillators: Modeling and Application in a Forwarded-Clock I/O Receiver

Abstract: A general model for injection-locked LC oscillators (LC-ILOs) is presented that is valid for any tank quality factor and injection strength. Important properties of an ILO such as lock-range, phase shift, bandwidth and response to input jitter are described. An LC-ILO together with a half-rate data sampler is implemented as a forwarded-clock I/O receiver in 45-nm CMOS. A strongly-injected low-Q LC oscillator enables clock deskew across 1UI and rejects high-frequency clock jitter. The complete 27 Gb/s ILO-based data receiver has an overall power efficiency of 1.6 mW/Gb/s.

High-efficiency piezoelectric-transducer-tuned feedback microstrip ring-resonator oscillators operating at high resonant frequencies

Abstract: A tunable-feedback ring-resonator oscillator using a voltage-controlled piezoelectric transducer (PET) is introduced. The new oscillator is constructed by a ring resonator with a pair of orthogonal feed lines as a feedback structure. The ring resonator with two orthogonal feed lines can suppress odd modes and operate at even modes. This operation shows a similar characteristic of high operating oscillation frequencies as that of the push-push oscillators. The high operating resonant frequency characteristic is predicted by a simple transmission-line model. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other. At a fixed frequency of 12.09 GHz, the oscillator has a high DC-to-RF efficiency of 48.7% with an output power of 5.33 dBm. A voltage-controlled PET is used to vary the resonant frequencies of the ring resonator, which, in turn, tunes the oscillator with a good tuning rage of 4.25% around 12 GHz. This tuned oscillator operating at high oscillation frequency can be used in many wireless and sensor systems.