Showing papers on "Insertion loss published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the frequency response of interdigital capacitors, which leads to an optimal design, along with an expression for their static gap capacitance, is given in terms of its geometry which consists of a planar interdigital thin-filrn conductor deposited on the surface of a relatively high dielectric constant substrate.
Abstract: An analysis of the frequency response of interdigital capacitors, which leads to an optimal design, is given along with an expression for their static gap capacitance. The capacitor Q is given in terms of its geometry which consists of a planar interdigital thin-filrn conductor deposited on the surface of a relatively high dielectric constant substrate. Capacitance values ranging from 0.1 to 10 pF at L band with measured Q's in excess of 400 are realizable using 2-mil line and space widths on a 99.5-percent alumina substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.3. Experimental results obtained with a lumped-constant nine-section S-band Chebyscheff low-pass filter realized using spiral inductors and optimal designed interdigital capacitors are shown to be in excellent agreement with theory. The filter had less than 0.8-dB insertion loss and greater than 25dB return loss in the passband. The filter occupies an area 6.50 by 200 roils on a 24-mil-thick substrate.
293 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, temperature and frequency dependence of the attenuation of 0.5-5 GHz acoustic surface waves on LiNbO3 has been measured using a novel three-transducer technique.
Abstract: The temperature and frequency dependence of the attenuation of 0.5–5‐GHz acoustic surface waves on LiNbO3 has been measured. For propagation in vacuum a frequency‐squared dependence of the total attenuation is obtained with a value at 1 GHz of 0.9 dB/μsec. Temperature‐dependence measurements using a novel three‐transducer technique show the dominant loss (0.7 dB/μsec at 1 GHz) mechanism to be the interaction with thermally excited elastic waves. Propagation in air results in an additional loss linearly proportional to frequency with a value of 0.2 dB/μsec at 1 GHz. The effects of beam steering and diffraction losses are also investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Both misalignment of transducers with respect to pure mode propagation axes and misalignment of the propagation‐plane perpendicular can add significantly to delay line insertion loss. This beam steering loss on Y‐cut Z‐propagating LiNbO3 is considerably higher than on the 41.5° rotated‐cut X‐propagating orientation. The loss mechanis...
88 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a broad-band thin-film lumped-element circulator is derived from the idealized equivalent circuit, which is shown to have a 20-dB isolation bandwidth of greater than 30 percent with an insertion loss of less than 0.6 decibel.
Abstract: Impedance matrices including magnetic losses are developed for a number of lumped-element ferrite-loaded symmetrical three-port junctions. The scattering matrix eigenvalues corresponding to these matrices are determined as functions of frequency and circuit parameters and are used to analyze these three-ports with emphasis on their properties as circulators. A very compact broad-band thin-film lumped-element circulator is derived from the idealized equivalent circuit. An experimental model approximately represented by this circuit is shown to have a 20-dB isolation bandwidth of greater than 30 percent with an insertion loss of less than 0.6 decibel. A switchable circulator which requires no magnetic-field switching is treated using this same analytical approach. It is suggested that this type of analysis together with additional experimental refinement of equivalent circuits will lead eventually to a computerized design of lumped-element circulators.
33 citations
01 Mar 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the insertion loss versus frequency characteristics of interdigital transducers have been measured optically, and the effect of misalignment of transducers with pure mode axes has been found to be a significant effect.
Abstract: Laser light deflection has been used to study microwave acoustic surface waves. In particular, the insertion loss versus frequency characteristics of interdigital transducers have been measured optically. Beam steering, caused by misalignment of transducers with pure mode axes, has also been measured and found to be a significant effect.
27 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a PIN diode modulator with approximately 1.2dB insertion loss at 56.4 GHz and 0.7 ns switching time was described for high-speed binary phase shift modulation of a millimeter wave carrier.
Abstract: High-speed binary phase-shift modulation of a millimeter wave carrier can be obtained by path-length switching. A PIN diode modulator with approximately 1.2-dB insertion loss at 56.4 GHz and 0.7 ns switching time will be described.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, epitaxially grown YIG resonators were used for bandstop filters with YIG close to the stripline to determine the utility of the resonators.
Abstract: Disk samples of epitaxially grown YIG, of significantly higher aspect ratio than are available with flux‐grown YIG, can be easily fabricated for electronically tunable filter applications and are amenable to integrated circuit construction techniques and multi‐channel operation. To determine the utility of epitaxial YIG resonators (190‐mil diameter and 20‐μm thick), bandstop filters using necked‐down strip transmission line with YIG close to the stripline were tested. Tuning was achieved by varying the biasing magnetic field applied parallel to the plane of the YIG film. Adequate coupling was achieved by surrounding the transmission line and resonator with dielectric materials and by reducing the impedance level presented to the resonator. The external quality factor Qe was thus varied between 10 and 100. The devices were designed to operate from 2 to 3 GHz and exhibited an off‐band insertion loss less than 1.0 dB. Maximum attenuation at center frequency decreased as the 3‐dB bandwidth decreased in accord...
15 citations
TL;DR: Variation of insertion loss with connect-disconnect cycles was measured for mated pairs of the following types of connectors: GPC-14, GPC -7, type N, and SMA.
Abstract: Variation of insertion loss with connect-disconnect cycles was measured for mated pairs of the following types of connectors: GPC-14 [3], GPC-7 [3], type N, and SMA. Two versions of each of the type N and SMA connectors were tested versus life at intervals of 2500 connect-disconnect cycles over a total of 10 000 operations. Measurements were made with a resolution of 0.0001 dB between 2 and 18 GHz. The variations expressed in the standard deviation cr ranged for new connectors from ? <0.002 dB on the best to a maximum of 0.008 dB and increased as much as three times after 10 000 connections. Some causes of the increase are considered for the different connectors.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the performance and normalized design parameters for a latching ring-and-post ferrite circulator in waveguide, which provided an insertion loss of 0.35 dB and a 20-dB isolation bandwidth of 17 percent.
Abstract: This paper presents the performance and normalized design parameters for a latching ring-and-post ferrite circulator in waveguide. A C-band circulator has provided an insertion loss of 0.35 dB and a 20-dB isolation bandwidth of 17 percent. When the circulator was matched for higher maximum isolation (50 dB) but narrower bandwidth (10 percent) at room temperature, the 20-dB isolation bandwidth was 7.8 percent across the -40/spl deg/ to +75/spl deg/C temperature range. Low-loss operation was obtained at pulsed powers up to 7.5 kilowatts, and at least 20 dB of isolation was maintained up to 100 kilowatts. This performance, in conjunction with a switching speed of a fraction of a microsecond, permits the use of these circulators for transmitting-receiving functions in high-reliability RADARs.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a waveguide rotary joint for operation in the frequency range 28-31 GHz is described, where the symmetrical excitation employed for mode conversion obviates the need for mode filters.
Abstract: A waveguide rotary joint for operation in the frequency range 28-31 GHz is described. The construction of the joint is simple, as the symmetrical excitation employed for mode conversion obviates the need for mode filters. The joint may be used without tuning at certain optimum frequencies such that insertion loss is always better than 1 dB. The joint may be tuned for operation at any required frequency within the band.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Se films as an ultrasonic transducer of a delay line and as a driver of a composite resonator and deduced the values of electromechanical coupling factors k11 and k26 of Se films from the experimental and theoretical characteristics of the insertion loss of the delay line, and the value of the piezoelectric constant e11 was obtained as 0.17C/m2 from these coupling factors.
Abstract: Se films deposited on Te crystals were studied as an ultrasonic transducer of a delay line and as a driver of a composite resonator. The values of electromechanical coupling factors k11 and k26 of Se were deduced as 0.15 and 0.27 respectively from the experimental and theoretical characteristics of the insertion loss of the delay line, and the value of the piezoelectric constant e11 was obtained as 0.17C/m2 from these coupling factors.
9 citations
11 May 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of beam steering on the design of microwave acoustic surface wave devices is investigated both theoretically and experimentally, and it is shown that beam steering losses are particularly high on Y-cut, Z-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/
Abstract: The effect of beam steering on the design of microwave acoustic surface wave devices is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Transducer, pure mode axis misalignment and misalignment of the propagation-plane perpendicular can both add significantly to delay line insertion loss. Beam steering losses are particularly high on Y-cut, Z-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/.
Patent•
24 Apr 1970TL;DR: In this article, a high-power control means for attenuating electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies is disclosed providing energy reflection as well as adjustable absorption load means, in a terminated branch line coupled by energy splitting means to a first transmission line.
Abstract: Compact high-power control means for attenuating electromagnetic energy at microwave frequencies are disclosed providing energy reflection as well as adjustable absorption load means, in a terminated branch line coupled by energy splitting means to a first transmission line. Adjustment of the load-to-line coupling results in variation of the magnitude of the reflection and control of the energy propagated in a transmission system with negligible insertion loss and substantially flat attenuation frequency response. The device exhibits no frequency-sensitive characteristics to thereby afford a broadband frequency response.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple matching network to interdigital transducers using an equivalent-circuit model has been carried out, where low insertion loss and phase dispersion with wide bandwidth can be obtained even with seriously mismatched devices.
Abstract: Computer optimisation of simple matching networks to interdigital transducers using an equivalent-circuit model has been carried out. Low insertion loss and phase dispersion with wide bandwidth can be obtained even with seriously mismatched devices. The theory is verified experimentally for a 3-pair interdigital device at 30 MHz on lithium niobate.
11 May 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, a lumped L band 3 dB directional coupler with 0.4 dB insertion loss and an 18% bandwidth was evaluated. And a pseudo lumped 5 section 2.3% bandwidth bandpass filter was discussed.
Abstract: Lumped constant circuits containing thin film inductors and interdigital capacitors have been evaluated thru S band. The measured results are in good agreement with computer predictions. A lumped L band 3 dB directional coupler with 0.4 dB insertion loss and an 18% bandwidth, a lumped 9 section S band low pass filter with less than 1 dB insertion loss and a pseudo lumped 5 section 2.3% bandwidth bandpass filter are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a three-port stripline circulator was constructed to operate in Z-band at 15/spl deg/K with 0.5 dB insertion loss and up to 20 percent bandwidth for the 20dB isolation.
Abstract: It is shown that a three-port stripline circulator can be constructed to operate in Z-band at 15/spl deg/K with 0.5 dB insertion loss and up to 20-percent bandwidth for the 20-dB isolation.
11 May 1970
TL;DR: In this article, non-reciprocal and magnetically variable devices in the microstrip transmission medium have been investigated theoretically and achieved in practice in order to achieve favorable insertion loss and bandwidth of phase shifters and other components, an acceptable combination of microwave characteristics and switching properties in variable devices, and freedom from spurious interactions between these components and the circuits in which they are imbedded.
Abstract: Some progress has been reported in the development of nonreciprocal and magnetically variable devices in the microstrip transmission medium. Further investigation and analysis remain in order for optimum performance to be characterized theoretically and achieved in practice. The objectives are to achieve favorable performance in insertion loss and bandwidth of phase shifters and other components, an acceptable combination of microwave characteristics and switching properties in variable devices, and freedom from spurious interactions between these components and the circuits in which they are imbedded.
TL;DR: In this article, a circulator is described using a single-crystal y.i.d. sphere that is magnetically tunable over two octaves and provides an insertion loss less than 1.7 dB and isolation greater than 18 dB over this band.
Abstract: A circulator is described using a single-crystal y.i.g. sphere that is magnetically tunable over two octaves. The circulator is derived from an extension of the simple y.i.g. filter in TEM line and provides an insertion loss less than 1.7 dB and isolation greater than 18 dB over this band.
Patent•
26 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a complex waveguide filter is proposed which utilizes a number of conventional band-pass cavity resonators in conjunction with pairs of inductively coupled band-stop cavity Resonators.
Abstract: A complex waveguide filter which utilizes a number of conventional band-pass cavity resonators in conjunction with pairs of inductively coupled band-stop cavity resonators. The latter being inductively coupled to the waveguide to provide improved passband insertion loss and group delay characteristics.
Patent•
12 Jan 1970TL;DR: In this paper, a microwave signal transmission device incorporating an axially magnetized cylindrical yttrium iron garnet rod operates over a broad frequency band as a two port, continuously adjustable, delay device with minimum insertion loss.
Abstract: A microwave signal transmission device incorporating an axially magnetized cylindrical yttrium iron garnet rod operates over a broad frequency band as a two port, continuously adjustable, delay device with minimum insertion loss. Broad band operation is achieved by the use of quarter-wave plates of yttrium aluminum garnet crystal cut between principal crystallographic axes and bonded to the input and output ends of the rod.
TL;DR: In this article, an accurate delay-time measuring equipment operating in the 50 GHz region has been developed, which can measure wide-band delay time characteristics of millimeter wave component and waveguide line.
Abstract: An accurate delay-time measuring equipment operating in the 50-GHz region has been developed. The equipment can measure wide-band delay-time characteristics of millimeter wave component and waveguide line. Sweep frequency range is variable from 0 to 1.5 GHz at any of the 46 to 52 GHz. The measurement method employs the usual comparison method and a newly developed rapid automatic switching method. The accuracy of the equipment is 0.1 ns at 20-dB insertion loss. Finally, some measured results are described.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, a voltage variable delay of 0.5 µs was achieved in an electron-beam delay line operating over an octave bandwidth in L-band, and insertion loss of the device was less than 60 dB over the entire operating range.
Abstract: A voltage-variable delay of 0.5 µs has been achieved in an electron-beam delay line operating over an octave bandwidth in L-band. The insertion loss of the device was less than 60 dB over the entire operating range.
27 Apr 1970
IBM1
TL;DR: In this paper, LiNbO 3 surface acoustic delay lines operated at S-band frequency with insertion loss less than 30 dB for 1.5 μs delay and with more than 10% bandwidth.
Abstract: Experimental results will be presented on LiNbO 3 surface acoustic delay lines operated at S-band frequency with insertion loss less than 30 dB for 1.5 μs delay and with more than 10% bandwidth.
TL;DR: In this paper, a delay line is described which uses longitudinal-to-shear wave conversion to achieve low acoustic loss in YAG with CdS transducers and provides 4 /spl mu/s of delay at 5 GHz with a 6-dB bandwidth of ~1.3 GHz and an insertion loss of ~65 dB.
Abstract: A delay line is described which uses longitudinal-to-shear wave conversion to achieve low acoustic loss in YAG with CdS transducers. This device provides 4 /spl mu/s of delay at 5 GHz with a 6-dB bandwidth of ~1.3 GHz and an insertion loss of ~65 dB.
11 May 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the design details for an open waveguide RADAR transmission line are presented for a 15' diameter parabolic antenna with two focusing mirrors and offset reeds providing power transfer and rotary joint action.
Abstract: Design details are presented for an open waveguide RADAR transmission line. This 94 GHz quasi-optical guide is presently in use at The Aerospace Corporation Laboratories, with two focusing mirrors and offset reeds providing power transfer and rotary joint action for a scanning 15' diameter parabolic antenna. Experimental results are given for the beam shapes, phase contours, insertion loss, and isolation of the beam guide.