Showing papers on "Insertion loss published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, a design theory for rectangular waveguide metal insert filters that includes both higher order mode interaction and finite thickness of the inserts is described, and optimized design data for three-to five-resonator type filters with severaf insert thicknesses suitable for metal stamping and etching techniques are given for midband frequencies of about 15, 33, 63, and 75 GHz.
Abstract: A design theory is described for rectangular waveguide metal insert filters that includes both higher order mode interaction and finite thickness of the inserts. Optimized design data for three- to five-resonator type filters with severaf insert thicknesses suitable for metal stamping and etching techniques are given for midband frequencies of about 15, 33, 63, and 75 GHz. Measured passband insertion losses of prototypes for mid-band frequencies of 15, 33, and 76 GHz are 0.2, 0.6, and 0.7 dB, respectively.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a calculation scheme that establishes the transfer function of a thickness-mode piezoelectric transducer is described, and a computer program enables flexible manipulation of the design parameters that can be inserted are the properties of the piezo-material, the quarter-wavelength layer(s), the backing load and the electrical tuning and matching.
112 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical expressions for the interelectrode capacitance and conductor losses for an array of microstrip transmission lines are presented in this article, where the effect of finite conductor thickness is included in the analysis by introducing equations for the effective width of the transmission lines.
Abstract: Theoretical expressions for the interelectrode capacitance and conductor losses for an array of microstrip transmission lines are presented. The effect of finite conductor thickness is included in the analysis by introducing equations for the effective width of the transmission lines. Good agreement between theory and experiment is observed up to 18 GHz. Experimental results obtained from a lumped-element GaAs monolithic bandpass filter are in excellent agreement with theory. The filter has 1.5-dB insertion loss at 11.95 GHz and greater than 22-dB loss in the stopband. The filter measures 0.58x 1.3x0.203 mm.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated planar antenna-mixer structure for use at millimeterwave frequencies is described, and a simple but accurate theory of the slot-ring antenna is applied to several experimental devices.
Abstract: An integrated planar antenna-mixer structure for use at millimeterwave frequencies is described. A simple but accurate theory of the slot-ring antenna is applied to several experimental devices. Mixer conversion loss of about 6.5 dB was obtained from an X-band model. Measured radiation patterns of structures designed for 65 GHz agree reasonably well with theory.
76 citations
01 Jan 1983
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an optical switch based on electrowetting and suitable for use with multimode fibers is described, with a 50-μm core, 0.23-N.A. measured fiber-to-fiber insertion loss at λ = 0.633 μm.
Abstract: Construction and characterization of an optical switch, based on electrowetting and suitable for use with multimode fibers are described. With a 50-μm core, 0.23-N.A. input and output fibers, the measured fiber-to-fiber insertion loss at λ = 0.633 μm was 0.5 ± 0.1 dB for one channel and 2.0 ± 0.2 dB for the other, with cross talk of −22.8 ± 0.5 and <−51 dB, respectively. Response time is ≈20 msec with driving power of ≈25 μW and a voltage requirement of ≤1.0 V. The switch has been tested for over 107 cycles with no observable degradation.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model is developed which predicts the primary amplitude distribution across the array ports of the lens; this then allows predictions of insertion loss and sidelobe levels of the fed array.
Abstract: Ruze and Rotman lenses are devices which can be used to form multiple beams for antenna arrays. A previous paper has shown these lenses can be designed for low-phase aberrations and minimum size. Published work on these lenses has concentrated on phase and largely neglected amplitude performance (except Maybell). Here, a theoretical model is developed which predicts the primary amplitude distribution across the array ports of the lens; this then allows predictions of insertion loss and sidelobe levels of the fed array. An experimental waveguide-fed parallel-plate lens has constructed, and amplitude and phase performance measured. Comparison with the theoretical predictions shows good agreement. The multiple beam radiation patterns produced by a 16-element array fed by this lens have also been measured. The lens has a low insertion loss (?2 dB) and provides a low sidelobe level (?20 dB) for the 8?12 GHz band.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of fabrication parameters on fiber-Ti insertion loss is described, and the coupling loss due to modal mismatch between the fiber and waveguide and propagation loss in the waveguide contribute approximately equally to total insertion loss.
Abstract: This paper describes the influence of fabrication parameters on fiber-Ti:LiNbO 3 waveguide-fiber insertion loss measured at \lambda = 1.32 \mu m in c -cut LiNbO 3 . We present a systematic study of the influence of titanium thickness on insertion loss. Within the range examined, diffusion of 950 A thick 6 μm wide strip of Ti at 1050°C for 6 h produced the minimum loss of 2.0 dB in a 2 cm long waveguide for both TE and TM modes. An analysis of fiber-waveguide coupling for the particular case of an asymmetric diffused waveguide is presented. In general, we find that coupling loss due to modal mismatch between the fiber and waveguide and propagation loss in the waveguide contribute approximately equally to total insertion loss.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical acoustical model was proposed to predict insertion loss and radiated sound pressure level, in which the source impedance was obtained from measurement and from which the estimated source strength was estimated.
44 citations
TL;DR: The fabrication and experimental evaluation of monomode-fiber directional couplers having polarization-maintaining elliptical-cored fibers is described and they have a polarization isolation of greater than 40 dB and insertion losses of less than 0.5 dB.
Abstract: The fabrication and experimental evaluation of monomode-fiber directional couplers having polarization-maintaining elliptical-cored fibers is described. The couplers have a polarization isolation of greater than 40 dB and insertion losses of less than 0.5 dB.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a polarisation-holding directional coupler was made using singlemode fiber having an elliptical core and an isolation of 21 dB between polarisation has been achieved together with an estimated insertion loss < 2 dB.
Abstract: A polarisation-holding directional coupler has been made using single-mode fibre having an elliptical core An isolation of 21 dB between polarisation has been achieved together with an estimated insertion loss < 02 dB
TL;DR: In this paper, the average insertion loss for the multiplexers was 0.5 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 1.3 dB for the short and long wavelength channels, respectively.
Abstract: We report here on single-mode microoptic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) devices with two channels located at 1275 and 1345 nm, respectively. Data are presented for four multiplexers and four demultiplexers. The average insertion loss for the multiplexers was 0.5 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.3 dB for the short and long wavelength channels, respectively. For the demultiplexers, the average losses were 0.8 ± 0.2 dB and 1.0 ± 0.1 dB, respectively. The full channel widths of the demultiplexers for 0.5 dB of additional loss were about 22 nm. All measurements included the presence of prototype precision single-mode connectors. The multiplexers were based on interference filters and GRIN lenses with identical single-mode fibers used for inputs and output. The demultiplexers employed diffraction gratings and GRIN lenses with 50- μm core graded-index output fibers. In addition three of the demultiplexers included a third output channel centered at 1521 nm. The 28- dB dynamic range of the monochromator-based test appartus was insufficient to evaluate the crosstalk performance. Measurements on two demultiplexers, using a 1295-nm laser, yielded values of -33 and -38 dB, respectively for the crosstalk in the 1345-nm channel.
Patent•
13 Sep 1983TL;DR: In this article, the two ports of an input transducer provided on a piezo-electric substrate are coupled to the two output transducers via respective reflective multi-strip couplers.
Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device is of the kind in which the two ports of an input transducer (2) provided on a piezo-electric substrate (1) are coupled to the two ports of an output transducer (3) via respective reflective multi-strip couplers (12, 13). In order to avoid the necessity of providing external tuned matching components if the low potential insertion loss of such a device is to be actually attained the number and centre-to-centre distances of the electrodes of at least one of the transducers are such that the impedance of that transducer is substantially real for a range of frequencies which contains the centre-frequency of the device response as determined by the couplers.
TL;DR: In this article, the coupling ratio over a wide range in fused biconical-taper single-mode-fiber couplers by a controlled distortion of the coupling region is demonstrated.
Abstract: The tuning of the coupling ratio over a wide range in fused biconical-taper single-mode-fiber couplers by a controlled distortion of the coupling region is demonstrated. The tuning has negligible effect upon excess insertion loss.
TL;DR: In this article, the design and performance of a GaAs monolithic 1800 one-bit switched line phase shifter test circuit for Ka-band operation is presented, and a self-aligned gate (SAG) fabrication technique is also described that reduces resistive parasitic in the switching FET's.
Abstract: The design and performance of a GaAs monolithic 1800 one-bit switched line phase shifter test circuit for Ka-band operation is presented. A self-aligned gate (SAG) fabrication technique is also described that reduces resistive parasitic in the switching FET's. Over the 27.5-30 GHz band, typical measured differential insertion phase is within 10-20° of the ideal time delay characteristic. Over the same band, the insertion loss for the SAG phase shifter is about 2.5-3 dB per bit. The SAG fabrication technique holds promise in reducing phase shifter insertion loss to about 1.5 dB/bit for 30-GHz operation.
NEC1
TL;DR: In this article, a new Faraday rotator using a thick garnet film grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) has been proposed and film growth technology for the rotator has been investigated.
Abstract: A new Faraday rotator using a thick garnet film grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) has been proposed and film growth technology for the rotator has been investigated. The new Faraday rotator had good features of very low cost and small size, due to high productivity of the LPE-grown film and low magnetic saturation field, respectively. By using the new Faraday rotator, an optical isolator and magnetooptic switch for single-mode fiber systems have been developed. The optical isolator featured 0.8-dB insertion loss and 25-dB isolation at 1.3-μm wavelength. The magneto-optic 1 × 2 switch was independent of light polarization and featured 1.3-1.7-dB insertion loss, -25-dB crosstalk, and 30-μs switching time at 1.3-μm wavelength. Minimum switching voltage was ±5 V. Magneto-optic devices using the new Faraday rotator is practical for use in 1.2-1.7-\mu m wavelength fiber-optic systems, because of good optical properties, compactness, and low cost.
TL;DR: In this article, a new electro-optic analog-to-digital converter that makes use of an array of channel waveguide Fabry-Perot modulators is reported.
Abstract: A new electro‐optic analog‐to‐digital converter that makes use of an array of channel waveguide Fabry–Perot modulators is reported. Since this converter utilizes only straight channel waveguides, it should possess the inherent advantages of small substrate size, simple geometrical layout, and low optical insertion loss. Experimental results obtained with a four‐bit converter in a X‐cut LiNbO3 substrate have demonstrated some of these desirable features.
01 Aug 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a system that uses a two-dimensional (2D) model of the IL-STD-285 and show how to use it in a room with a 50-ohm threshold.
Abstract: T ra d it io n a l m e th o d s fo r e v a lu a tin g th e m a g n e t i c f ie ld sh ie ld in g e f f e c t iv e n e s s o f EMI g a sk e ts and o th e r sh ie ld in g p ro d u c ts re q u ire th e use o f a sh ie ld e d e n c lo su re in a c c o rd a n c e w ith a m o d ified v e rs io n o f M IL-STD -285. This p a p e r d e sc r ib e s th e e x p e r im e n ta l a p p lic a t io n to such m e a su re m e n ts o f a d u a l TEM c e l l sy s te m w hich d isp en ses w ith th e n e ed fo r a sh ie ld ed e n c lo su re . S ig n if ic a n t a d v a n ta g e s o f th is new a p p ro ac h a r e d iscu ssed . T e s t r e s u l ts f ro m th e TEM c e l l sy s te m a r e g iven and c o r re la t io n is show n w ith sh ie ld ed room m e a su re m e n ts . 2. DUAL TEM CELL SYSTEM A TEM c e l l is e s s e n tia l ly a r e c ta n g u la r , c o a x ia l t ra n sm iss io n lin e . I ts c e n te r c o n d u c to r (sep tu m ) and c a s e fo rm a sh ie ld e d 50-ohm s t r ip lin e t a p e r e d a t b o th en d s to f i t in to s ta n d a rd c o ax ia l c o n n e c to rs . T he c e l l fu n c tio n s a s a t r a n s d u c e r c o n v e r t in g R F v o lta g e s to f ie ld s t r e n g th , and v ice v e rsa , s im u la tin g a p lan e w av e fie ld in f r e e sp a c e . T h e p h y sica l an d e le c t r i c a l p ro p e r t ie s o f su ch c e l ls h a v e b een d e sc r ib e d in d e ta i l by C ra w fo rd and W o rk m a n [2 ] .
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the propagation loss for the leaky surface acoustic wave on (100)cut GaAs with 〈110〉 propagation direction in the frequency range 200-900 MHz.
Abstract: Measurements of propagation loss for the leaky surface acoustic wave on (100)‐cut GaAs with 〈110〉 propagation direction are reported. The measurements were made in the frequency range 200–900 MHz. The propagation loss was determined with a novel technique using a delay line with four interdigital transducers. The effect of a hydrogen implant of dose 1014 cm−2 and energy 120 keV (technique for producing high resistivity isolation regions in GaAs) on propagation loss and macroscopic piezoelecticity are reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, the insertion loss of a 2-μm-wide monomode guide with a radius of 300 μm was measured for a GaAs/GaAlAs with a minimum combined bending and scattering loss of 0.6 dB/rad.
Abstract: Small-radii curved optical waveguides have been fabricated in GaAs/GaAlAs using electron-beam lithography. Ion-beam milling was used as an isotropic etch. The insertion loss of these devices was limited not by bending loss but by input coupling and scattering loss from rib-wall imperfections. A minimum combined bending and scattering loss of 0.6 dB/rad was measured for a 2-μm-wide monomode guide with a radius of 300 μm.
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-reciprocal optical circuit for laser-diode (LD)-to-optical-fiber coupling in the 1.3-μm wavelength region is described.
Abstract: A practical nonreciprocal optical circuit for laser-diode (LD)-to-optical-fiber coupling in the 1.3-μm wavelength region is described. It consists of a yttrium iron garnet- (YIG) sphere graded-index (GRIN) rod lens and a polarizer. The YIG sphere can function not only as a Faraday rotator but also as an effective coupling lens. High coupling efficiency of more than -5 dB for a single-mode fiber, and more than -2 dB for a multimode fiber, is easily achievable. Alignment sensitivities and coupling characteristics of the proposed circuit are also discussed theoretically and experimentally. The increase in LD relative intensity noise (RIN), caused by light injected into the LD, is estimated using the reciprocal characteristics of LD-to-single-mode-fiber coupling. By comparing the LD-RIN increase in the proposed non-reciprocal circuit with that of the reciprocal, high isolation of about 32 dB is confirmed. The fact that reflected light from the proposed circuit has little influence on LD characteristics is also clarified.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a first-order design synthesis procedure for low-loss filters employing Single-phase Unidirectional Transducers (SFUDT's) is described and discussed.
Abstract: This paper descibes a first-order ' design synthesis procedure for low-loss filters employing Single-phase Unidirectional Transducers ( SFUDT's). Experimental results are presented and discussed for a prototype low-loss 281 MHz filter. The filter was fabricated on quartz with a combination of A1 and Al/Cr fingers. The Cr second level was used to achieve mass loading of appropriate fingers in order t o implement a desired reflection function within the transducers. Both the first and second levels were withdrawal w eighted. An insertion loss of 8 dB with a pproximately 27dB of triple transit rejection is predicted based upon experimental data computer-matched with ideal tuning components. This performance is lower than predicted. The reasons for this and the improvements to be made in a future design are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a compact polarization independent optical circulator for 1.3μm is described, which utilizes birefringent plates (rutile) for beam splitting, YIG plus a single-order quartz half-wave plate for polarization rotation, and a slotted 45° glass prism for beam steering.
Abstract: A compact polarization-independent optical circulator for 1.3μm is described. The device utilizes birefringent plates (rutile) for beam splitting, YIG plus a single-order quartz half-wave plate for polarization rotation, and a slotted 45° glass prism for beam steering. The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is 2.0 or 2.5 dB and the isolation is 25 or 35 dB, depending upon the ports in question. The use of birefringent plates for beam splitting and combining eliminates the need for multiple dielectric coatings for polarization beam splitting, requires only optical plate processing, virtually eliminates sensitivity to translational misalignment of individual beam-splitting/combining components, and reduces the required number of optical-quality surfaces.
TL;DR: In this article, a tapered Nb2O5 transition waveguide obtained by reactive sputtering has been used for signal processing applications in Ti-indiffused waveguides.
Abstract: Efficient tapered Nb2O5 transition waveguide obtained by reactive sputtering has been demonstrated experimentally. It provides effective interconnection between two sections of Ti-indiffused waveguide with 0.8-dB total insertion loss. Chirped grating lenses have also been fabricated on Nb2O5 waveguides that have yielded 85% throughput efficiency. For signal processing applications in Ti-indiffused waveguides, the combination of grating lenses and the Nb2O5 transition waveguide will allow us to obtain lens functions that have both high efficiency and large angular field of view (∼4°).
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a new type of low-loss SAW filter using single level f abrication and which is naturally matched to 5011 and so requires no external components is reported.
Abstract: Currently available techniques for implementing SAW filters with low insertion loss generally require multi-layer fabrication and/or complex external tuning and matching networks, with corresponding cost and size penalties. Here we report a new type of low-loss SAW filter which uses single level f abrication and which is naturally matched to 5011 and so requires no external components. The IDTs are d isplaced laterally (rather than the usual longitudinal arrangement), and SAW is transmitted between these IDTs by two reflecting multistrip couplers (RMSC) of a novel d esign. Most of the selectivity is provided by the RMSCs. The IDTs perform some filtering but the main design consideration was to achieve a natural 50R real impedance. Results are presented for the experimental and theoretical charactrrisation of many designs of RMSC on 128O YX lithium niobate and the responses of filters with fractional bandwidths of about 1% are shown.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a 16 to 20 GHz 8-way radial microstrip combiner with transitions to the WR42 waveguide is described, which demonstrates greater than 20% bandwidth and insertion loss of only 0.8 dB.
Abstract: This paper describes a 16 to 20 GHz 8-way radial microstrip combiner with transitions to WR42 waveguide. It demonstrates greater than 20% bandwidth and insertion loss of only 0.8 dB. Excellent phase and amplitude balance has been achieved.
TL;DR: In this paper, Ga:La-YIG delay lines and filters made with gallium-substituted garnet films were tuned over the 0.3 - 2 GHz frequency range by varying the dc bias field in the range 10-500 Oe depending on the saturation magnetization of the garnet film.
Abstract: Magnetostatic wave (MSW) delay lines and filters made with gallium-substituted garnet films (Ga:La-YIG) are described. These devices were tuned over the 0.3 - 2 GHz frequency range by varying the dc bias field in the range 10-500 Oe depending on the saturation magnetization of the garnet film, therefore complementing already demonstrated MSW devices covering the 2-15 GHz frequency range. Techniques for reducing the amplitude and delay ripples and for minimizing the coupling to elastic resonances are described. The agreement between theoretical predictions, measured amplitude and group delay responses was fairly good. Typically, for a delay line at 500 MHz, the insertion loss is l0 dB; the amplitude ripples are less than 0.5 dB peak-to-peak and the group delay ripples are less than 10 nsec peak-to-peak. Linearly dispersive delay lines show a dispersion of about 1 nsec/MHz over more than 120 MHz bandwidth, while bandpass filters exhibit 25 MHz bandwidth with less than 0.3 dB amplitude ripples.
TL;DR: In this article, the first successful realisation of GaAs PIN diodes was described, where the vertical structure was grown on an n+ substrate by MOCVD of a 2 μm, 1015 cm−3 unintentionally doped n− layer followed by a 0.3 μm 4×1019 cm −3 Zn doped p+ layer.
Abstract: This letter describes what is believed to be the first successful realisation of GaAs PIN diodes. The vertical structure was grown on an n+ substrate by MOCVD of a 2 μm, 1015 cm−3 unintentionally doped n− layer followed by a 0.3 μm, 4×1019 cm−3 Zn doped p+ layer. The isolation and insertion loss of a single shunt-mounted device are typically −27 dB and 0.7 dB, respectively. The switching speed of the device was measured to be less than 1 ns.
Patent•
29 Dec 1983TL;DR: A multi-port microwave device, such as an isolator or circulator, for transmission of electromagnetic energy in TEM mode non-reciprocally between ports is described in this paper.
Abstract: A multi-port microwave device, such as an isolator or circulator, for transmission of electromagnetic energy in TEM mode non-reciprocally between ports. The device exhibits low insertion loss, high return loss (low VSWR) and high isolation and is operable over a 100 percent or more bandwidth. The microwave device includes a composite ferrite body between a circuit conductor and a ground plane. The composite ferrite body includes at least two different types of ferrite material where each one is selected to provide different frequency characteristics over the frequency pass band of the device.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present measured excess loss resulting from electrode overlays for both TE and TM polarisations as a function of SiO2 buffer layer thickness for Ti:LiNbO3 strip waveguides at λ = 1.32 μm.
Abstract: We present measured excess loss resulting from electrode overlays for both TE and TM polarisations as a function of SiO2 buffer layer thickness for Ti:LiNbO3 strip waveguides at λ = 1.32 μm. We find there is negligible excess loss to the TE mode with no buffer layer and that the excess loss to the TM mode can be essentially eliminated with a SiO2 layer only 700 A thick. A passive polariser with ∼ 1.5 dB fibre-waveguide-fibre insertion loss and > 13 dB extinction ratio is also demonstrated.