Intangible cultural heritage

About: Intangible cultural heritage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2283 publications have been published within this topic receiving 13958 citations.

Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates

Abstract: Objective To present the Mediterranean diet (MD) pyramid: a lifestyle for today. Design A new graphic representation has been conceived as a simplified main frame to be adapted to the different nutritional and socio-economic contexts of the Mediterranean region. This review gathers updated recommendations considering the lifestyle, dietary, sociocultural, environmental and health challenges that the current Mediterranean populations are facing. Setting and Subjects Mediterranean region and its populations. Results Many innovations have arisen since previous graphical representations of the MD. First, the concept of composition of the ‘main meals’ is introduced to reinforce the plant-based core of the dietary pattern. Second, frugality and moderation is emphasised because of the major public health challenge of obesity. Third, qualitative cultural and lifestyle elements are taken into account, such as conviviality, culinary activities, physical activity and adequate rest, along with proportion and frequency recommendations of food consumption. These innovations are made without omitting other items associated with the production, selection, processing and consumption of foods, such as seasonality, biodiversity, and traditional, local and eco-friendly products. Conclusions Adopting a healthy lifestyle and preserving cultural elements should be considered in order to acquire all the benefits from the MD and preserve this cultural heritage. Considering the acknowledgment of the MD as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO (2010), and taking into account its contribution to health and general well-being, we hope to contribute to a much better adherence to this healthy dietary pattern and its way of life with this new graphic representation.

Cultural Tourism: The Partnership Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management

Abstract: Contents * Preface * Acknowledgments * Chapter 1. Introduction * Defining Cultural Tourism * Conceptualizing Cultural Tourism--A Thematic Approach * The Key Issue: Linking Cultural Heritage Management and Tourism Management * Chapter 2. Challenges in Achieving Sustainable Cultural Tourism * Introduction * Culture and Tourism--Collaborators or Competitors? * The Independent Evolution of Tourism and Cultural Heritage * Seven Possible Relationships Between Tourism and Cultural Heritage Management * The Consequences * The Solution? * Chapter 3. How Tourism Works * Introduction * The Nature of Tourism * Attractions Drive Tourism * Factors Influencing Visitation Levels * Tourist Behavior * Cultural Tourism * Conclusion * Chapter 4. Cultural Heritage Management * Introduction * Core Concepts * Cultural Heritage Management and Tourism * Negative and Positive Impacts of Tourism * Conclusion * Chapter 5. Tangible Heritage * Introduction * Process-Driven Conservation of Tangible Cultural Heritage * The Scope of Tangible Heritage Assets * Cultural Significance of Heritage Assets * Authenticity * Tourism, Authenticity, and Commodification * Visitor Accessibility to Tangible Heritage Assets * Consultation As an Important Element of the Management Process * Chapter 6. Intangible Heritage and Its Management * Introduction * Recognition of Intangible Cultural Heritage Management * Intangible Heritage Assets--Management and Tourism Issues * Authenticity and Cultural Space * Tourism and Changes to Intangible Heritage * Culturally Appropriate and Sustainable Use of Assets * Stakeholder Consultation in Setting Management Priorities * Chapter 7. Cultural Tourism Products--A Regional Perspective * Introduction * Products * Benefits of Adopting a Marketing Approach to Product Development * Hierarchy of Attractions * Developing Cultural Tourism Attractions * Conclusions * Chapter 8. Commodification, Environmental Bubbles, and Cultural Tourism Products * Introduction * Consumption--Strangeness versus Familiarity and the Environmental Bubble * Creating Cultural Tourism Products or Attractions * Tactics * Conclusions * Chapter 9. The Cultural Tourism Market: A Cultural Tourism Typology * Introduction * Who Are Cultural Tourists? * A Typology of Cultural Tourists: Recognizing Different Shades of Cultural Tourists * Five Types of Cultural Tourists * Testing the Model: Hong Kong As a Case Study * Implications for Cultural Tourism * Chapter 10. Gatekeepers * Introduction * Using Cultural and Heritage Assets to Brand a Destination * The Role of Gatekeepers in Conveying Messages * Effect of Many Gatekeepers on the Message Passed to the Tourist * Chapter 11. Assessment * Introduction * Assessing the Tourism Potential of Assets * Considering the Wider Context * Understanding the Asset in Its Setting * Asset Specific Issues: "Place" and Cultural Spaces * Stakeholder and Consultation Issues * People, Skills, and Financial Resources * Conclusions * Chapter 12. Asset Auditing and Planning * Introduction * An Audit Model * An Audit Procedure * Testing the Procedure--Hong Kong * Planning * Chapter 13. Marketing * Introduction * Marketing As a Management Tool * Unique Features of Marketing in Cultural Tourism * Thinking Strategically * Sustainable Competitive Advantages * Role of Research * Putting It Together--The Marketing Plan * The Four Ps--The Marketing Mix * Conclusions * Chapter 14. Presentation and Management of Heritage Assets * Introduction * Reinvestment of Revenue in Conservation As One Benefit of Tourism * Fees and Levies Raised at the Source * Epilogue * References * Index

Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in the 2003 UNESCO Convention: a critical appraisal

Abstract: This critical article expounds on what 'intangible cultural heritage' is and the historical background of UNESCO's attempts to safeguard and protect the world's living cultural heritage in the wake of modernization, global mass culture and the diminishing of national identities. By the mid-1990s, as international awareness dramatically increased, UNESCO sponsored surveys of national actions (1995-99) as well as regional conferences, which led to a List of Intangible Masterpieces (2001) and a Convention (2003). The latter is still considered as a work in progress wherein experts and community members, policy-makers and scholars will try to figure out how to improve its provisions over the coming years. Indeed, the Convention looks idealistic and very challenging for several reasons: the conceptual distinction of the tangible and intangible can be problematic among the diversity of the world's people; intangible heritage must be consistent with human rights, exhibit the need for mutual respect between communities, and be sustainable; nations are expected to develop inventories and action plans for safeguarding this heritage; and those who practice the traditions should have the major responsibility for their safeguarding. The Convention imposes obligations upon states that may construct unintended negative consequences and obstacles to its success. The call to take 'necessary measures' to 'ensure the viability of intangible cultural heritage' is unrealistic as culture changes and no coercive measures may stop this evolution. More appropriate is giving aid to traditional cultural practices and their practitioners to ensure survival without influencing the outcome. In addition, the discussed inventories and UNESCO lists may have value for recognizing and valorizing various traditions, but they alone will not save them. This causes the author to question whether the Convention is adequate for the task of safeguarding living cultural practices.

Intangible cultural heritage: The living culture of peoples

Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage (ICH), made up of all immaterial manifestations of culture, represents the variety of living heritage of humanity as well as the most important vehicle of cultural diversity. The main �constitutive factors� of ICH are represented by the �self-identification� of this heritage as an essential element of the cultural identity of its creators and bearers; by its constant recreation in response to the historical and social evolution of the communities and groups concerned; by its connection with the cultural identity of these communities and groups; by its authenticity; and by its indissoluble relationship with human rights. The international community has recently become conscious that ICH needs and deserves international safeguarding, triggering a legal process which culminated with the adoption in 2003 of the UNESCO Convention on the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. This Convention correctly highlights the main elements of ICH and is based on the right philosophical rationale, but its operational part � structured on the model provided by the 1972 World Heritage Convention � appears to be inadequate to ensure appropriate safeguarding of the specificities of intangible heritage. This article argues that to correct such inadequacy, international safeguarding of ICH must rely on the concomitant application, even though in an indirect manner, of international human rights law, for the reason that ICH represents a component of cultural human rights and an essential prerequisite to ensure the actual realization and enjoyment of individual and collective rights of its creators and bearers.