Showing papers on "Intelligent transportation system published in 2009"

Vehicular communication systems: Enabling technologies, applications, and future outlook on intelligent transportation

Abstract: Numerous technologies have been deployed to assist and manage transportation. But recent concerted efforts in academia and industry point to a paradigm shift in intelligent transportation systems. Vehicles will carry computing and communication platforms, and will have enhanced sensing capabilities. They will enable new versatile systems that enhance transportation safety and efficiency and will provide infotainment. This article surveys the state-of-the-art approaches, solutions, and technologies across a broad range of projects for vehicular communication systems.

Online-SVR for short-term traffic flow prediction under typical and atypical traffic conditions

Abstract: Most literature on short-term traffic flow forecasting focused mainly on normal, or non-incident, conditions and, hence, limited their applicability when traffic flow forecasting is most needed, i.e., incident and atypical conditions. Accurate prediction of short-term traffic flow under atypical conditions, such as vehicular crashes, inclement weather, work zone, and holidays, is crucial to effective and proactive traffic management systems in the context of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and, more specifically, dynamic traffic assignment (DTA). To this end, this paper presents an application of a supervised statistical learning technique called Online Support Vector machine for Regression, or OL-SVR, for the prediction of short-term freeway traffic flow under both typical and atypical conditions. The OL-SVR model is compared with three well-known prediction models including Gaussian maximum likelihood (GML), Holt exponential smoothing, and artificial neural net models. The resultant performance comparisons suggest that GML, which relies heavily on the recurring characteristics of day-to-day traffic, performs slightly better than other models under typical traffic conditions, as demonstrated by previous studies. Yet OL-SVR is the best performer under non-recurring atypical traffic conditions. It appears that for deployed ITS systems that gear toward timely response to real-world atypical and incident situations, OL-SVR may be a better tool than GML.

Wave: A tutorial

Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems have been under development since at least the early 1990s. The rationale behind the concept is to automate the interactions among vehicles and infrastructure to achieve high levels of security, comfort, and efficiency. Communications, in general, and networking, in particular, have been essential elements in the evolution of these systems. The IEEE has developed a system architecture known as WAVE to provide wireless access in vehicular environments. This article gives an overview of the associated standards. The presentation loosely follows the order of the layers of the open systems interconnection model.

A survey of inter-vehicle communication protocols and their applications

Abstract: Inter-vehicle communication (IVC) protocols have the potential to increase the safety, efficiency, and convenience of transportation systems involving planes, trains, automobiles, and robots. The applications targeted include peer-to-peer networks for web surfing, coordinated braking, runway incursion prevention, adaptive traffic control, vehicle formations, and many others. The diversity of the applications and their potential communication protocols has challenged a systematic literature survey. We apply a classification technique to IVC applications to provide a taxonomy for detailed study of their communication requirements. The applications are divided into type classes which share common communication organization and performance requirements. IVC protocols are surveyed separately and their fundamental characteristics are revealed. The protocol characteristics are then used to determine the relevance of specific protocols to specific types of IVC applications.

Vehicle-to-vehicle channel modeling and measurements: recent advances and future challenges

Abstract: Vehicle-to-vehicle communications have recently received much attention due to some new applications, such as wireless mobile ad hoc networks, relay-based cellular networks, and intelligent transportation systems for dedicated short range communications. The underlying V2V channels, as a foundation for the understanding and design of V2V communication systems, have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This article aims to review the state-of-the-art in V2V channel measurements and modeling. Some important V2V channel measurement campaigns and models are briefly described and classified. Finally, some challenges of V2V channel measurements and modeling are addressed for future studies.

Intelligent Freight Transportation Systems : Assessment and the Contribution of Operations Research

Abstract: While it is certainly too early to make a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is not to take stock of what has been achieved and to think about what could be achieved in the near future. In our opinion, ITS developments have been up to now largely hardware-driven and have led to the introduction of many sophisticated technologies in the transportation arena, while the development of the software component of ITS, models and decision-support systems in particular, is lagging behind. To reach the full potential of ITS, one must thus address the challenge of making the most intelligent usage possible of the hardware that is being deployed and the huge wealth of data it provides. We believe that transportation planning and management disciplines, operations research in particular, have a key role to play with respect to this challenge. The paper focuses on Freight ITS: Commercial Vehicle Operations and Advanced Fleet Management Systems, City Logistics, and electronic business. The paper reviews main issues, technological challenges, and achievements, and illustrates how the introduction of better operations research-based decision-support software could very significantly improve the ultimate performance of Freight ITS.

On the ability of the 802.11p MAC method and STDMA to support real-time vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Abstract: Traffic safety applications using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is an emerging and promising area within the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) sphere. Many of these new applications require real-time communication with high reliability, meaning that packets must be successfully delivered before a certain deadline. Applications with early deadlines are expected to require direct V2V communications, and the only standard currently supporting this is the upcoming IEEE 802.11p, included in the wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) stack. To meet a real-time deadline, timely and predictable access to the channel is paramount. However, the medium access method used in 802.11p, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), does not guarantee channel access before a finite deadline. In this paper, we analyze the communication requirements introduced by traffic safety applications, namely, low delay, reliable, real-time communications. We show by simulation of a simple, but realistic, highway scenario, that vehicles using CSMA/CA can experience unacceptable channel access delays and, therefore, 802.11p does not support real-time communications. In addition, we present a potential remedy for this problem, namely, the use of self-organizing time division multiple access (STDMA). The real-time properties of STDMA are investigated by means of the same highway simulation scenario, with promising results.

Performance Evaluation of Vehicle-Based Mobile Sensor Networks for Traffic Monitoring

Abstract: Vehicle-based sensors can be used for traffic monitoring. These sensors are usually set with long sampling intervals to save communication costs and to avoid network congestion. In this paper, we are interested in understanding the traffic-monitoring performance that we can expect from such vehicle-based mobile sensor networks, despite the incomplete information provided. This is a fundamental problem to be addressed. A performance evaluation has been carried out in Shanghai, China, by utilizing the vehicle-based sensors installed in about 4000 taxies. Two types of traffic status-estimation algorithms, i.e., the link-based and the vehicle-based, are introduced and analyzed. The results show that estimations of the traffic status based on these imperfect data are reasonably accurate. Therefore, the feasibility of such an application is demonstrated.

Travel time prediction under heterogeneous traffic conditions using global positioning system data from buses

Abstract: Travel time information is a vital component of many intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. In recent years, the number of vehicles in India has increased tremendously, leading to severe traffic congestion and pollution in urban areas, particularly during peak periods. A desirable strategy to deal with such issues is to shift more people from personal vehicles to public transport by providing better service (comfort, convenience and so on). In this context, advanced public transportation systems (APTS) are one of the most important ITS applications, which can significantly improve the traffic situation in India. One such application will be to provide accurate information about bus arrivals to passengers, leading to reduced waiting times at bus stops. This needs a real-time data collection technique, a quick and reliable prediction technique to calculate the expected travel time based on real-time data and informing the passengers regarding the same. The scope of this study is to use global positioning system data collected from public transportation buses plying on urban roadways in the city of Chennai, India, to predict travel times under heterogeneous traffic conditions using an algorithm based on the Kalman filtering technique. The performance of the proposed algorithm is found to be promising and expected to be valuable in the development of APTS in India. The work presented here is one of the first attempts at real-time short-term prediction of travel time for ITS applications in Indian traffic conditions.

Exploring the solution space of beaconing in VANETs

Abstract: Vehicular networking is an enabling technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Different types of vehicular traffic applications are currently being investigated. In this paper we briefly introduce the communication requirements of a Co-operative Adaptive Cruise Control (C-ACC) vehicular traffic efficiency application. Furthermore, we propose a Channel Busy Time model to evaluate the solution space of a vehicular beaconing system designed to communicate information both vital and sufficient for vehicular traffic applications and in particular for C-ACC. We identify that the solution space is three-dimensional. These dimensions being based on the number of nodes (or vehicles), the beacon generation rate of the nodes and the size (or duration) of a beacon message. Based on the Channel Busy Time model we derive boundaries and ranges of parameters within which the beaconing system can be adapted to meet the requirements of the C-ACC application.

A Review of Energy Efficiency in Telecommunication Networks

Abstract: This paper presents the concept of green telecommunication networks and provides information about the power consumption within fixed line and wireless communication networks. It outlines the significance of energy efficiency in modern and future telecommunication networks and suggests directions for optimizing network performance in terms of energy demands. Numerous examples and reviews are also discussed. The aim is to introduce the reader to current green technologies and outline the necessity for energy efficiency in information and communication technology. T is a worldwide goal to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The European Union has targeted a reduction of 20% for year 2020. A part of this energy reduction scheme concerns the telecommunication industry and ICT that participates in a direct, indirect and systematic way (1). Characteristic examples are green networks, smart buildings, smart grids, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), energy efficient electronics (OLEDS, photonics, nanotechnology) and the application of embedded systems towards low carbon and energy

Traffic Forecasting Using Least Squares Support Vector Machines

Abstract: Accurate and timely forecasting of traffic parameters is crucial for effective management of intelligent transportation systems. Travel time index (TTI) is a fundamental measure in transportation. In this article, a non-parametric technique called least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) is proposed to forecast TTI. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to cooperate the rising computational intelligence technique with state space approach in traffic forecasting. Five other baseline predictors are selected for comparison purposes because of their proved effectiveness. Having good generalisation ability and guaranteeing global minima, LS-SVMs perform better than the others. Experimental results demonstrate that our predictor can significantly reduce mean absolute percentage errors and variance of absolute percentage errors, especially for predicting traffic data with weak regularity. Persuasive comparisons clearly show that it provides a large improvement in stability and robustness, whi...

Spatial Propagation of Information in Vehicular Networks

Abstract: There has been increasing interest in building an information infrastructure for mobile vehicles in surface transportation systems that principally rely on vehicle-to-vehicle (v2v) communications. The various network architectures proposed for this purpose have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other systems. However, only a limited amount of work has been completed to understand the fundamental network properties of such systems. In this paper, we present analytical models to study the spatial propagation of information in a highly mobile v2v ad hoc network. We explore both one- and two-way vehicle traffic scenarios. These models can help better understand data dissemination in this environment. Our results show that information propagation depends on some vehicle traffic characteristics, e.g., vehicle density, average vehicle speed, and relative vehicle movement. These models lead to some interesting discoveries, e.g., a message can propagate in the opposite direction as the vehicle traffic flow and can propagate much faster than vehicle movement.

Cooperative (rather than autonomous) vehicle-highway automation systems

Abstract: The recent DARPA-sponsored automated vehicle "Challenges" have generated strong interest in both the research community and the general public, raising consciousness about the possibilities for vehicle automation. Driverless vehicles make good subjects for the visually-oriented media, and they pose enough interesting research challenges to occupy generations of graduate students. However, automated vehicles also have the potential to help solve a variety of real-world problems. Engineers need to think carefully about which of those problems we are actually solving.A well-engineered system should be designed to satisfy specific needs, and those needs should be reflected in the definition of system requirements. Alternative technological approaches can then be evaluated and traded off based on their ability to meet the requirements. The article describes the rather different needs of the public road transportation system and the military transportation system, and then shows how those needs influence the requirements for automated vehicle systems. These requirements point toward significantly different technical approaches, but it is possible to find some limited areas of technical commonality.

Automatic generation of road network map from massive GPS, vehicle trajectories

Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and navigation systems usually demand good timeliness on their used vector road network maps. Unfortunately, existing methods for road network map generation, such as the surveying method and the satellite image digitizing method, are difficult to generate up-to-date road network maps. This paper presents a method for automatic generation of road network map from massive GPS vehicle trajectories, which can generate the up-to-date road network map from the up-to-date GPS vehicle trajectory data that can be widely available. Given a set of GPS vehicle trajectory data, the input first is processed to construct a road network bitmap which depicts the road network. Then the road network skeleton on the bitmap is computed. Finally, the road network graph extraction is implemented on the skeleton to generate the vector road network map data. To evaluate the presented method, we implemented and tested it on the massive GPS vehicle trajectory data collected in Jilin City, China. The test results demonstrate that the presented method can be promising in applications.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract: A vehicular ad hoc network consists of smart vehicles on the road and provides communication services among nearby vehicles or with roadside infrastructure. It is envisioned to provide numerous interesting services in the near future. This chapter first introduces the basic application scenarios of vehicular ad hoc network and its unique characteristics, and then provides a brief survey of several research issues in vehicular ad hoc networks, such as routing, data sharing, mobility models, and security.

Communication architecture for cooperative systems in Europe

Abstract: Wireless communications for intelligent transportation systems promise to be a key technology for avoiding the traffic nightmares of today - accidents and traffic jams. But there is one major challenge to be overcome before such a cooperative system can be put into place: standardization. This article provides an overview of the technical developments in Europe and their convergence toward a set of European standards. We address the current state of the standardization activities and the potential scenarios and use cases, and we describe the fundamental concepts of a European communication architecture for cooperative systems.

SEER: Metropolitan-Scale Traffic Perception Based on Lossy Sensory Data

Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems have become increasingly important for the public transportation in Shanghai. In response, Shanghai Grid (SG) aims to provide abundant intelligent transportation services to improve the traffic condition. A challenging service in SG is to estimate the real-time traffic condition on surface streets. In this paper, we present an innovative approach SEER to tackle this problem. In SEER, we deploy a cost-effective system of taxi traffic sensors. These taxi sensory data are found to be noisy and very lossy in both time and space. By intensively mining the spatio-temporal correlations along with the evolution of traffic condition, SEER provides wealthy knowledge to setup statistical models for inferring traffic condition when they cannot be directly calculated. As an example, we demonstrate utilizing multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) to iteratively produce estimates of traffic condition in a metropolitan scale. The optimal window width of MSSA is determined with the basic periodicity found in traffic condition. Moreover, we minimize the number of channels required by MSSA to estimate traffic condition at any location. Given a desired estimation granularity, we optimize the MSSA parameters to minimize the estimation error.

Robust mobility adaptive clustering scheme with support for geographic routing for vehicular ad hoc networks

Abstract: There are a number of critical problems related to road safety in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) caused by increased vehicle usage, urbanisation, population growth and density, and faster rates of movements of goods and people. It is envisaged that vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) will bring about a substantial change to the way our road transport operates to improving road safety and traffic congestion. A major challenge in VANETs is to provide real-time transfer of information between vehicles within a highly mobile environment. The authors propose a new clustering scheme named robust mobility adaptive clustering (RMAC) to strategically enable and manage highly dynamic VANETs for future ITS. It employs a novel node precedence algorithm to adaptively identify the nearby 1-hop neighbours and select optimal clusterheads based on relative node mobility metrics of speed, locations and direction of travel. Furthermore, the zone of interest concept is introduced for optimised approach to the network structure such that each vehicular node maintains a neighbour table of nodes, beyond its communications range, that reflects the frequent changes on the network and provides prior knowledge of neighbours as they travel into new neighbourhoods. RMAC predominantly employs more reliable unicast control packets and supports geographic routing by providing accurate neighbour information crucial when making routing decisions in multi-hop geographic routing. It is shown by simulations that RMAC on IEEE802.11 ad hoc WLAN protocol is very effective in a highly dynamic VANETs environment, being robust on link failures, and having very high cluster residence times compared to the well known distributed mobility clustering scheme.

A comparative analysis of currently used microscopic and macroscopic traffic simulation software

Abstract: The significant advancements of information technology have contributed to increased development of traffic simulation models. These include microscopic models and broadening the areas of applications ranging from the modeling of specific components of the transportation system to a whole network having different kinds of intersections and links, even in a few cases combining travel demand models. This paper mainly reviews the features of traditionally used macroscopic and microscopic traffic simulation models along with a comparative analysis focusing on freeway operations, urban congested networks, project-level emission modeling, and variations in delay and capacity estimates. The models AIMSUN, CORSIM, and VISSIM are found to be suitable for congested arterials and freeways, and integrated networks of freeways and surface streets. The features of AIMSUN are favorable for creating large urban and regional networks. The models AIMSUN, PARAMICS, INTEGRATION, and CORSIM are potentially useful for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). There are a few simulation models which are developed focusing on ITS such as MITSIMLab. The TRAF-family and HUTSIM models attempt a system-level simulation approach and develop open environments where several analysis models can be used interactively to solve traffic simulation problems. In Saudi Arabia, use of simulation software with the capability of analyzing an integrated system of freeways and surface streets has not been reported. Calibration and validation of simulation software either for freeways or surface streets has been reported. This paper suggests that researchers evaluate the state-of-the-art simulation tools and find out the suitable tools or approaches for the local conditions of Saudi Arabia. (author)

Headway distribution modeling with regard to traffic status

Abstract: Knowledge of vehicle headway distribution is very important for intelligent transportation and intelligent vehicle simulations. Various headway distribution models have been proposed, but most of them only fit for a certain traffic situation. To solve this problem, we study the dependence of headway distributions on traffic status in this paper. Results show that the log-normal distribution model is adequate in fitting headway data when the traffic is in free flow status; while the log-logistic distribution model is more suitable in fitting headway data when the traffic is in congestion status. This conclusion is useful in the traffic signal optimization algorithm, since it indicates that we should apply different delay estimation models during different traffic status so as to design optimal timing plan.

Power management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using neural network based trip modeling

Abstract: The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), utilizing more battery power, has become a next-generation HEV with great promise of higher fuel economy. Global optimization charge-depletion power management would be desirable. This has so far been hampered due to the a priori nature of the trip information and the almost prohibitive computational cost of global optimization techniques such as dynamic programming (DP). Combined with the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), our previous work developed a two-scale dynamic programming approach as a nearly globally optimized charge-depletion strategy for PHEV power management. Trip model is obtained via GPS, GIS, real-time and historical traffic flow data and advanced traffic flow modeling. The Gas-kinetic based model was used for the trip modeling in our previous study. The complicated partial deferential equation based model with several parameters needs to be calibrated had for implementation. In this paper, a neural network based trip model was developed for the highway portion, using the given data from WisTransPortal. The real test data was used for the training and validation of the network. The simulation results show that the obtained trip model using neural network can greatly improve the trip modeling accuracy, and thus improve the fuel economy. The potential of the advantages were indicated by the fuel economy comparison.

Vehicular wireless short-range communication for improving intersection safety

Abstract: Vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication has recently garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry because it holds the potential to improve road safety and to reduce road accidents. For this reason, V2X communication has been considered a key technology of the future Intelligent Transportation Systems. Use cases for V2X communication for enhancing intersection safety are appealing because intersections are the most complex and dangerous driving environments. This article reviews major related work and presents a communication architecture for intersection safety that supports these use cases. Our communication architecture respects the salient traits of V2X communication and fits into the overall V2X communication architecture. We perform various simulations to quantify the load of V2X communication at intersections and report the findings of our simulation study.

Evaluation of VANET-based advanced intelligent transportation systems

Abstract: This paper aims at enabling accurate and efficient evaluation of emerging vehicular network applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). A distributed simulation platform that integrates transportation simulation and wireless network simulation is proposed and implemented, providing a user level simulation environment to evaluate the feasibility and performance limitations of VANETs in supporting ITS. The proposed simulation platform facilitates the dynamic interaction between the two simulation domains, allowing runtime control of vehicles' behavior in the transportation simulation as they react in real time to information exchange in the simulated communication network. Case studies are conducted within the proposed simulation platform to evaluate the performance of Dynamic Route Planning when deployed in VANETs, using metrics collected at the transportation system level such as travel and delay time. The effectiveness of three representative VANET dynamic adaptation protocols in enhancing the application performance in scenarios with high vehicle density are compared in the case studies. The experiment results show that Dynamic Route Planning can be effectively supported by a VANET system with up to 118% increase on the number of vehicles reaching the destination, 36.2% reduction on travel time and 56.1% reduction on delay time.

Intelligent extended floating car data collection

Abstract: The elaboration of data collected by vehicles moving on road network is relevant for traffic management and for private service providers, which can bundle updated traffic information with navigation services. Floating data, in its extended acceptation, contains not only time and location provided by a positioning system, but also information coming from various vehicle sensors. In this paper we describe our extended data collection system, in which vehicles are able to collect data about their local environment, namely the presence of roadworks and traffic slowdowns, by analyzing visual data taken by a looking forward camera and data from the on-board Electronic Control Unit. Upon detection of such events, a packet is set up containing time, position, vehicle data, results of on-board elaboration, one or more images of the road ahead and an estimation of the local traffic level. Otherwise, the transmitted packet containing only the minimal data, making its size adaptive to the environment surrounding the vehicle.

Review of urban traffic management and the impacts of new vehicle technologies

Abstract: Traffic congestion is a growing problem in most urban areas across the world. In recent years, the problem has often been tackled by management of existing capacity rather than the traditional concept of more road building. This requires efficient traffic management tools and has led to widespread implementation of advanced traffic control systems integrated within a wider urban traffic management (UTM) environment. UTM systems collect data from various sources, process and manage the data and use this information to implement various measures to manage traffic. While infrastructure-based UTM systems continue to develop, there is now also a rapid market-driven development of vehicle technologies and in-vehicle driver support systems. Driver information and satellite navigation (sat-nav) systems are two examples already in widespread use, whereas other applications under research and development include intelligent speed adaptation (ISA), adaptive cruise control (ACC) and various other safety-related applications. This study will firstly present state-of-the-art reviews of UTM and in-vehicle systems. It will then discuss the potential impacts of new in-vehicle systems on UTM and opportunities for beneficial cooperation between the two. The research described in the study has been undertaken within a collaborative project FUTURES, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).

Direction based clustering algorithm for data dissemination in vehicular networks

Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are important component for the development of Intelligent Transportation System. Due to the features of VANET, data dissemination is an important issue that has to be addressed. In this paper we propose a direction based clustering algorithm for data dissemination. This protocol is used to estimate the density of vehicles on a given road. As in any clustering algorithm, the formation of the cluster and the use of the bandwidth are important tasks. In the proposed solution the packet is forwarded to vehicles only if they are moving along the same direction. The simulations show that the proposed protocol reduces the number of broadcast packets being sent on the network. To choose the best technology for VANET applications, the technologies 802.11p and 802.11b are compared with TCP/IP and Wireless Access Vehicular Environment (WAVE) stack protocols. This results obtained shows that WAVE stack is better than TCP/IP stack, in terms of performance, in vehicular environment.

Continuing Evolution of Travel Time Data Information Collection and Processing

Abstract: An exciting new traffic monitoring technology has been developed that provides accurate measurement of travel times as well as origin-destination data for freeway and arterial roadway networks. This technology receives signals emitted from Bluetooth equipped devices (cell phones, PDAs, car radios, etc.) in vehicles traveling past the monitoring units. The addresses of the received signals are compared by upstream and downstream units to derive travel times and origin-destination information. Tests of the Bluetooth devices have demonstrated high levels of accuracy and large sample sizes of 5% to 7% of the overall traffic stream. The Bluetooth devices are proving useful for measurement of travel times on both arterials and freeways at costs that are a factor of 100 less than equivalent floating car runs. In addition, the Bluetooth data has been shown to be superior to other data collection technologies (including conventional vehicle detectors) for measurement of arterial traffic flow. Privacy is less of an issue with the Bluetooth equipment due to the absence of databases that can relate addresses to specific individuals (owners). Future applications for this equipment are likely to include new traffic signal control algorithms that use the accurate measurement of travel times between intersections for calculation of traffic signal offsets that provide superior signal progression to that which is possible using conventional point traffic detectors. The Bluetooth equipment is currently being commercialized so that the traffic community can take advantage of its unique capabilities.

Intelligent transport system for motorcycle safety and issues

Abstract: This paper provides a review of Intelligent Transport System for motorcycles safety and related issues with some existing or emerging ITS technologies to enhanced vehicles safety. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have significant potential to enhance traffic safety. Numerous ITS technologies have been developed to improve the safety and efficiency of cars, commercial vehicles, public transport and infrastructure. ITS applications have been developed with car safety in mind, but the potential for developments for motorcycle is great. Very few ITS have been developed specially for motorcycles, and all of those that do exist are in-vehicle systems. Many ITS exist or are emerging for other classes of vehicle that have potential to enhance motorcycle safety directly or indirectly. There several ITS technologies in-vehicle system to be introduced and adapted to motorcycles; advanced driver assistance system, intelligent speed adaptation, driver monitoring system, collision warning and avoidance system, lane keeping and lane-change warning system, visibility enhancing system, seat belt/helmet reminder system. However, there is a need for the development of standards for the design of ITS technologies for motorcycles, as there is for the design of ITS technologies for other vehicles. Motorcycle pose particular problem when it comes to the technical adaptation of certain ITS systems, particularly those that have not been custom-designed for motorcycle.