Showing papers on "Inter frame published in 1983"

Interframe coding apparatus

Abstract: An interframe coding apparatus performs motion detection and vector quantization on the basis of a block of interframe differential signals and includes a vector quantizer. The data of the interframe differential signal or the block scanning predictive error signal is compressed using a vector quantizer. The vector quantizer receives a plurality of suppressed predictive error signals (624) as input signals in block form and operates to form input vectors. The data is analysed by a motion detector (652) and where motion is detected, the relevant block is coded as a significant block. A coder (638-642) operates to determine an output vector having the least distortion with respect to an input vector by various techniques. A coded output or output vector codetable address (625) is output from the coder of the device for receipt by a decoder (639,642,654,655) which constructs a proper output vector signal.

Image sequence processing and dynamic scene analysis

Abstract: I Overview.- Overview on Image Sequence Analysis.- Dynamic Scene Analysis.- II Image Sequence Coding.- Recursive Motion Compensation: A Review.- The Differential Method for Image Motion Estimation.- Edges in Visual Scenes and Sequences: Application to Filtering, Sampling and Adaptive DPCM Coding.- Movement-Compensated Interframe Prediction for NTSC Color TV Signals.- Coding of Colour TV Signals with 34 MBit/s Transmission Rate.- Analysis of Different Displacement Estimation Algorithms for Digital Television Signals.- An Adaptive Gradient Approach to Displacement Estimation.- Motion Parameter Estimation in TV-Pictures.- Image Sequence Coding Using Scene Analysis and Spatio-Temporal Interpolation.- Two Motion Adaptive Interframe Coding Techniques for Air to Ground Video Signals.- Motion Estimation in a Sequence of Television Pictures.- Comparative Study Between Intra- and Inter-Frame Prediction Schemes.- A Narrow-Band Video Communication System for the Transmission of Sign Language Over Ordinary Telephone Lines.- Classification and Block Coding of the Frame Difference Signal.- Histograms of Image Sequence Spectra.- III Scene Analysis and Industrial Applications.- Determining 3-D Motion and Structure of a Rigid Body Using Straight Line Correspondences.- Comparison of Feature Operators for use in Matching Image Pairs.- Displacement Estimation for Objects on Moving Backgroud.- Linear Filtering in Image Sequences.- Photometric Stereo For Moving Objects.- On the Selection of Critical Points and Local Curvature Extrema of Region Boundaries for Interframe Matching.- Image Segmentation Considering Properties of the Human Visual System.- A Fast Edge Detection Algorithm Matching Visual Contour Perception.- Image Sequence Analysis for Target Tracking.- Track Acquisition of Sub-Pixel Targets.- A Pre-Processor for the Real-Time Interpretation of Dynamic Scenes.- Control of an Unstable Plant by Computer Vision.- Real-time Processing of Rasterscan Images.- 3-D Kalman Filtering of Image Sequences.- Atmospheric Disturbances Tracking in Satellite Images.- Aspects of Dynamic Scene Analysis in Meteorology.- IV Biomedical Applications.- Processing and Analysis of Radiographic Image Sequences.- Image Sequence Processing and Pattern Recognition of Biomedical Pictures.- A Rule-Based System for Characterizing Blood Cell Motion.- Three Dimensional Imaging from Computed Tomograms.- Model Based Analysis of Scintigraphic Image Sequences of the Human Heart.

Recursive Motion Compensation: A Review

Abstract: We present algorithms for estimating frame-to-frame changes in intensity of a television scene. The changes can be a result of object motion in a TV scene or variation of illumination. By a gradient search technique, which seeks to minimize a functional of the interframe intensity prediction error, we estimate two parameters associated with these intensity changes — translational displacement of objects and a scaling factor associated with illumination changes. Algorithms for the parameter estimation are given in both the picture element and transform domain. Using the estimates of these parameters, we also develop, for motion compensated interframe coding, adaptive predictors and a segmenter to determine which pels need to be transmitted. We describe several coder variations and compare them by computer simulations using several scene sequences. Simulations indicate that motion compensation reduces the bit rates by 30 to 70 percent compared to conditional replenishment.

Coding of Video Signals at 50 Kb/s using Motion Compensation Techniques

Abstract: This paper describes the coding algorithm and the simulation of a multimode movement compensated interframe video coder operating at 50 kb/s for possible use in the proposed National Command Authority Teleconferencing System (NCATS)[1]. The system provides multisite, multimedia conferencing. The coding algorithm combines several data rate reduction techniques in what is termed as a multimode interframe video coder. A key element to achieving the required bit rate reduction while maintaining acceptable picture quality is the utilization of motion compensation techniques. In this paper issues related to displacement estimation and motion compensation techniques in the low bit rate coding environment are discussed. Simulation results using several color video sequences with varying amounts of motion are presented. These results show that acceptable picture quality is obtained at 50 kb/s.

Interframe/interfield encoding device with motion compensation

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce moving vector information to be transmitted by switching and performing motion compensation interframe forecasting and motion compensation interfield forecasting, block by block. CONSTITUTION:A TV signal from a terminal 1 is inputted to a delay circuit 3 and the 1st and the 2nd vector detector 31 and 38. The 1st and the 2nd vector detectors 31 and 38 output an interfield moving vector and an interframe moving vector, respectively. Those outputs are supplied to a discriminating circuit 37 to make a code length comparison between both vectors. According to the comparison result, a selector 33 selects the interfield or interframe moving vector, which is supplied to an encoder 30. The variable length encoded moving vector from the encoder 30 is multiplexed by a multiplexer 11 with a forecasting error signal from an encoder 9 to transmit the resulting signal through a buffer memory 13.

Speech recognition using variable frame rate coding

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of LPC based time compression schemes on dynamic programming (DP) and its alternatives. Two compression schemes, one with fixed threshold and the other with variable threshold both incorporated with two control factors, the rate of frame overlap and the step of interframe interval, are investigated. The test speech is 40-word alpha-digit vocabulary pronounced by 10 males and 10 females. Results found are: (1) limited time sequence compression does not impose any negative effect on DP or its alternatives and (2) variable threshold scheme performs better than the fixed threshold scheme. More detailed discussion on the compression schemes and DP interaction are included.

Inter-frame interpolation method

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an interpolated picture of good quality, by dividing and interpolating the interpolating picture part to three regions of dynamic region, a static region and the background of the dynamic region which are newly produced. CONSTITUTION:The picture signal supplied via a line 2127 is supplied to the interpolating circuits of dynamic and static parts respectively via a line 2732 as well as to an interpolating circuit that is newly produced as the background of the dynamic region via a line 2730. The picture signal of a frame following to a thinned-out frame is written to a frame memory 31. In addition, the luminance amplitude value of each picture element is written at random to the address of a frame memory 34 via a line 3334 together with a discriminating coefficient showing that the luminance amplitude value is written to the corresponding address. Then a selector 36 selects the picture signals of the memories 31 and 34 by whether or not the discriminating coefficient is written.

Motion compensating inter-frame decoding device

Abstract: PURPOSE:To remarkably reduce deterioration of a picture quality, by outputting while suppressing at least a minute variation out of amplitude variations between frames, of a TV signal outputted from a decoding circuit. CONSTITUTION:A decoder 5 decodes a forecasting error signal inputted from a signal line 3, sends it to an adder 7, and the adder 7 adds an expanded forecasting error signal and a forecasting signal applied from a signal line 6, decodes a TV signal, and applies the signal to a frame memory 13 and a filter circuit 9 through a signal line 8. The signal inputted to this memory 13 is delayed by 1 frame, applied to a variable delaying circuit 15, delayed in accordance with a dynamic vector signal by the circuit 15, and supplied as a forecasting signal to the adder 7. On the other hand, the circuit 9 suppresses a minute variation of a TV signal between adjacent frames, and outputs an analog signal obtained through a D/A converter 11, to a signal line 12.

Inter-frame coding and decoding device for television

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the coding efficiency of an inter-frame coding/decoding device for TV, by transferring a coding stop code in place of a variable length code to suppress the generating quantity of information after an overflow in case an overflow signal of a buffer memory is produced. CONSTITUTION:A TV inter-frame coding/decoding device is provided with an inter-frame predictive coding circuit 100, a coding circuit 200, the 1st buffer memory 300 and a buffer memory overflow circuit 15. The circuit 100 obtains the difference between frames on the basis of the predicted value, i.e., the data of the preceding frame which is stored in a frame memory 6. When an overflow signal of the memory 300 is produced, the differential value of the circuit 100 is forcibly set at 0. At the same time, the coding of a variable length coding circuit 7 is discontinued, and a coding stop code is transferred in place of a variable length code. As a result, the quantity of information obtained after generation of an overflow is set fixedly at 10 bits.