Inter frame

About: Inter frame is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4154 publications have been published within this topic receiving 63549 citations.

Method and system for using motion prediction to equalize video quality across intra-coded frames

Abstract: In a video processing system, a method and system for using motion estimation to equalize video quality across intra frames are provided. Inter-prediction processing may be enabled for macroblocks in an “I” frame to generate temporal statistics. The inter-prediction processing may comprise motion estimation and motion compensation. Spatial statistics may be generated from the macroblocks in the “I” frame. A rate control may be determined based on the generated temporal and spatial statistics. The rate control may allocate a number of bits for encoding the “I” frame and a may allocate a portion of those bits to be used for encoding the current macroblock. The rate control may also be utilized to determine the quantization parameters for macroblocks in the “I” frame. Quantization parameters and intra-predicted current macroblocks may be utilized to generate “I” frame prediction residuals for encoding.

Motion‐compensated interpolation for scan rate up‐conversion

Abstract: There are two kinds of scan rate up-conversion for a cinematic sequence: frame-based motion-compensated interpolation and fieldbased scan rate up-conversion. The latter deinterlaces every field in an interlaced sequence which can be displayed using a progressive format or interlaced format to double the field rate. This paper proposes a new frame-based interpolation method that consists of segmentation and interpolation modules. The first module divides the difference between two successive frames into changed and unchanged regions. Each changed region is further differentiated into moving objects, covered, and uncovered regions. The second module generates the intermediate frames by using the direct motion-based interpolation method and indirect motionbased interpolation method to fill the changed regions, and the forward/ backward insertion method to fill the covered and uncovered regions. The proposed interpolation method can deal with the interframe zooming effect as well as the object-background ambiguity problem. Finally, it is shown that this new method is computationally simpler than the other frame interpolation methods and the interpolated frames are qualitatively and quantitatively better than results obtained with the other methods.

Very low bit-rate color video coding using adaptive subband vector quantization with dynamic bit allocation

Abstract: A novel adaptive vector quantization (VQ) based subband coding scheme for very low bit rate coding of video sequences is presented. Overlapped block motion estimation/compensation is employed to exploit interframe redundancy. A two-dimensional (2-D) wavelet transform (WT) is applied to the resulting displaced frame difference (DFD) signal. The WT coefficients are encoded using an adaptive subband vector quantization (ASBVQ) scheme in combination with a dynamic bit allocation strategy based on marginal analysis. Fixed rate coding is provided. Comparative experimental results of the ASBVQ codec with the H.261 and the H.263 video coding standards are given.

Method for recording and/or reproducing digitally coded signals with interframe and interframe coding

Abstract: A method for recording and/or reproducing digitally coded video signals A frame sequence is coded in such a way that an intraframe coded picture having a fixed or variable block length is recorded at the beginning A fixed number of interframe coded pictures follow The block length of the interframe coded pictures can be both fixed and variable A cutting begins with and ends before an intraframe coded picture

Forensics and counter anti-forensics of video inter-frame forgery

Abstract: Among different types of video manipulations, video inter-frame forgery is a powerful and common tampering operation. Several forensic and anti-forensic techniques have been proposed to deal with this challenge. In this paper, we first improve an existing video frame deletion detection algorithm. The improvement is attributed to the combination of two properties resulted from video frame deletion, the periodicity and the magnitude of the fingerprint in the P-frame prediction error. We then analyze a typical anti-forensic method of video frame deletion, and prove that the fingerprint of frame deletion still can be discovered after being anti-forensically modified. We thus further propose a counter anti-forensics approach by estimating the true prediction error and comparing it with the prediction error stored in videos. We show that the detection algorithm is not only useful in detecting video frame deletion, but also useful for detecting video frame insertion. Compared with the existing counter anti-forensics, our proposed approach is robust when different motion estimation algorithms are used in the initial compression. Furthermore, the forensics and counter anti-forensics are combined to perform a two-phase test to detect video inter-frame forgery. A Video Inter-frame Forgery (VIF) game, which is zero-sum, simultaneous-move, is defined to analyze the interplay between the forger and the investigator. Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium is introduced to solve the VIF game and we can obtain the optimal strategies for both players. Experimental results show that the proposed forensic and counter anti-forensic methods not only outperform existing methods in detecting frame deletion and anti-forensics, but also outperform them in the VIF game.